1、5igp, Pfe7MSD(fea(o ijiiflaafyimsmgiajB 0DDQ3KiS6XI)gi 0 Z: Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9613 AN/937 4So zy-Performance-based Navigation (PBN) iVIanual
2、 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Third Edition 2008 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-
3、,-,-Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO
4、 website at www.icao.int Third edition 2008 ICAO Doc 9613, Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manuai Order Number: 9613 ISBN 978-92-9231-198-8 ICAO 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, withou
5、t prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the s
6、upplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications: the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS No. Date Entered by 1 CORRIGENDA No. Date -Entered by
7、 (Hi) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-VOLUME I CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under l
8、icense with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The continuing growrth of aviation increases demands on airspace capacity therefore emphasizing the need for optimum utilization of available airspace Improved operational
9、efficiency derived from the application of area navigation (RNAV) techniques has resulted in the development of navigation applications in vanous regions woddwide and for all phases of flight These applications could potentially be expanded to provide guidance for ground movement operations Requirem
10、ents for navigation applications on specific routes or within a specific airspace must be defined in a clear and concise manner This is to ensure that the flight crew and the air traffic controllers (ATCs) are aware of the on-board RNAV system capabilities in order to determine if the performance of
11、 the RNAV system is appropnate for the specific airspace requirements RNAV systems evolved in a manner similar to conventional ground-based routes and procedures A specific RNAV system was identified and its performance was evaluated through a combination of analysis and flight testing For domestic
12、operations, the initial systems used very high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR) and distance measunng equipment (DME) for estimating their position, for oceanic operations, inertial navigation systems (INS) were employed These “new“ systems were developed evaluated and certified Airspace
13、and obstacle clearance cntena were developed based on the performance of available equipment, and specifications for requirements were based on available capabilities In some cases, it was necessary to identify the individual models of equipment that could be operated within the airspace concerned S
14、uch prescnptive requirements resulted in delays to the introduction of new RNAV system capabilities and higher costs for maintaining appropnate certification To avoid such prescnptive specifications of requirements, this manual introduces an alternative method for defining equipage requirements by s
15、pecifying the performance requirenents This ts termed performance-based navigation (PBN) Performance-based navigation (PBN) The PBN concept specifies that aircraft RNAV system performance requirements be defined in terms of the accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity and functionality, which a
16、re needed for the proposed operations in the context of a particular airspace concept The PBN concept represents a shift from sensor-based to performance-based navigation Performance requirements are identified in navigation specifications, which also identify the choice of navigation sensors and eq
17、uipment that may be used to meet the performance requirements These navigation specifications are defined at a sufficient level of detail to facilitate global harmonization by providing specific implementation guidance for States and operators Under PBN, genenc navigation requirements are defined ba
18、sed on operational requirements Operators then evaluate options in respect of available technology and navigation services, which could allow the requirements to be met An operator thereby has the opportunity to select a more cost-effective option, rather than a solution being imposed as part of the
19、 operational requirements Technology can evolve over time without requiring the operation itself to be reviewed, as long as the expected performance is provided by the RNAV system As part of the future work of ICAO, rt is anticipated that other means for meeting the requirements of the navigation sp
20、ecifications will be evaluated and may be included in the applicable navigation specifications, as appropnate PBN offers a number of advantages over the sensor-specific method of developing airspace and obstacle clearance cntena, i e a) reduces the need to maintain sensor-specific routes and procedu
21、res, and their associated costs, H“i) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I-Ov) Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual Volume I Concept and Implementation Guid
22、ance b) avoids the need for developing sensor-specific operations with each new evolution of navigation systems, which would be cost-prohibitive, c) allows for more efficient use of airspace (route placement, fuel efficiency and noise abatement), d) clanfies tiow RNAV systems are used, and e) facili
23、tates the operational approval process for operators by providing a limited set of navigation specifications intended for global use Within an airspace concept, PBN requirements will be affected by the communication, surveillance and ATM environments, the navaid infrastructure, and the functional an
24、d operational capabilities needed to meet the ATM application PBN performance requirements also depend on what reversionary, non-RNAV means of navigation are available and what degree of redundancy is required to ensure adequate continuity of functions Dunng development of the performance-based navi
25、gation concept, it was recognized that advanced aircraft RNAV systems are achieving a predictable level of navigation performance accuracy which, together with an appropnate level of functionality, allows for more efficient use of available airspace It also takes account of the fact that RNAV system
26、s have developed over a 40-year period and as a result there are a large vanety of systems already implemented PBN pnmanly identifies navigation requirements irrespective of the means by which these are met Purpose and scope This manual identifies the relationship between RNAV and RNP applications a
27、nd the advantages and limitations of choosing one or the other as the navigation requirement for an airspace concept It also aims at providing practical guidance to States, air navigation service providers and airspace users on how to implement RNAV and RNP applications, and how to ensure that the p
28、erformance requirements are appropriate for the planned application Recognizing that there are many airspace structures based on existing RNAV applications, and conscious of the high cost to operators in meeting different certification and operational approval requirements for each application, this
29、 manual supports those responsible for assessing whether an application can use an existing navigation specification for implementation The pnmary aim is to provide guidance in the identification of whether, by a suitable adjustment of the airspace concept, navigation application and/or infrastructu
30、re, it is possible to make use of an existing navigation specification, thereby obviating the need for a specific and potentially costly imposition of a new certification requirement for operation in an individual airspace Where analysis identifies that a new standard is needed, the manual identifie
31、s the steps required for the establishment of such a new standard It identifies a means by which, through the auspices of ICAO, unnecessary proliferation of standards can be avoided Performance-based navigation (PBN) terminology Two fundamental aspects of any PBN operation are the requirements set o
32、ut in the appropnate navigation specification and the navigation aid infrastructure (both ground- and space-based) allowing the system to operate A navigation specification is a set of aircraft and aircrew requirements needed to support a navigation application within a defined airspace concept The
33、navigation specification defines the performance required by the RNAV system as well as any functional requirements such as the ability to conduct curved path procedures or to fly parallel offset routes Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot fo
34、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Executive Summary l-M RNAV and RNP systems are fundamentally similar. The key difference between them is the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting. A navigation specification that includes a requireme
35、nt for on-board navigation performance monitoring and alerting is referred to as an RNP specification. One not having such requirements is referred to as an RNAV specification. An area navigation system capable of achieving the performance requirement of an RNP specification is referred to as an RNP
36、 system. In elaborating the PBN concept and developing associated terminology, it became evident to the Required Navigation Performance and Special Operational Requirements Study Group (RNPSORSG) that the use of RNAV-related expressions could create some complexities. States and international organi
37、zations should take particular note of the Explanation of Terms and to Chapter 1, Part A, of Volume I of this manual. Because specific performance requirements are defined for each navigation specification, an aircraft approved for a RNP specification is not automatically approved for all RNAV speci
38、fications. Similarly, an aircraft approved for an RNP or RNAV specification having stringent accuracy requirements (e.g. RNP 0.3 specification) is not automatically approved for a navigation specification having a less stringent accuracy requirement (e.g. RNP 4). Transition strategies Transition to
39、PBN It is expected that all future RNAV applications will identify the navigation requirements through the use of performance specifications rather than defining equipage of specific navigation sensors. Where operations exist that were defined prior to the publication of this manual, a transition to
40、 PBN may not necessarily be undertaken. However, where revisions to the functional and operational requirements are made, the development and publication of the revised specifications should use the process and description established in this manual. Transition to RNP specifications As a result of d
41、ecisions made in the industry in the 1990s, most modem RNAV systems provide on-board performance monitoring and alerting, therefore the navigation specifications developed for use by these systems can be designated as RNP. Many RNAV systems, while offering very high accuracy and possessing many of t
42、he functions provided by RNP systems, are not able to provide assurance of their performance. Recognizing this, and to avoid operators incurring unnecessary expense, where the airspace requirement does not necessitate the use of an RNP system, many new as well as existing navigation requirements vif
43、lll continue to specify RNAV rather than RNP systems. It is therefore expected that RNAV and RNP operations will co-exist for many years. However, RNP systems provide improvements on the integrity of operation permitting, inter alia, possibly closer route spacing, and can provide sufficient integrit
44、y to allow only the RNP systems to be used for navigating in a specific airspace. The use of RNP systems may therefore offer significant safety, operational and efficiency benefits. While RNAV and RNP applications will co-exist for a number of years, it is expected that there will be a gradual trans
45、ition to RNP applications as the proportion of aircraft equipped with RNP systems increases and the cost of transition reduces. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-
46、,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive summary l-(iii) Table of contents l-(viiForevrord l-(xiReferences l-(xvAbbreviations l-(xvii) Explanation of terms l-(xixPart A THE PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION CONCEPT Chapter 1. Description of performance-based navigation l-A-1-1 1.1 Introduction l-A-1-1.1.1 Gene
47、ral l-A-1-1.1.2 Benefits 1 1.1.3 Context of PBN l-A-1-1.1.4 Scope of performance-based navigation l-A-1-2 1.1.4.1 Lateral performance l-A-1-1.1.4.2 Vertical perfomiance1.2 Navigation specification l-A-1-1.3 NAVAID infrastmcture t-A-1-7 1.4 Navigation applications l-A-1-1.5 Future developments l-A-1-
48、8 Chapter 2. Airspace concepts l-A-2-1 2.1 Intnaduction l-A-2-2.2 The airspace concept l-A-2-2.3 Airspace concepts by area of operation l-A-2-3 2.3.1 Oceanic and remote continental l-A-2-2.3.2 Continental en-route l-A-2-2.3.3 Terminal airspace: arrival and departure l-A-2-3 2.3.4 Approach l-A-2-4 l-
49、(vii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual l-(viii) Volume I. Concept and Implementation Guidance Chapter 3. Stakeholder us
