1、COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-COPYRIGHT International Civil Avia
2、tion OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions
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4、 or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders (American Express, MasterCard and Visa) are accepted at ICAO Headquatters. fntemtionai Civil Aviation Organization. Attention: Document Sales Unit 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone: +I (5
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9、fic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letov prevdzkov sluzby, Slovenskej Republiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. Stefnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21, Slovak Republic Telephone: +421 (7) 4857 11 11; Facsimile: +421 (7) 4857 2105 Telephone: +27 (1 1) 315-0003/4; Facsimile: +27 (1 1) 805-3649; E-mail: Pla
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14、, 14, Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists ail publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Availabl
15、e free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
16、IHS-,-,-Doc 9776 AN/970 Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 2 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition - 2001 International Civil Aviation Organization COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright Int
17、ernational Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS No. The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Pu
18、blications and Audio-visual Training Ai b) VDL and ATN network operated by a commercial services provider - only ground stations operated by a commercial services provider, supporting aeronautical operational communication (AOC) and, if so required by the local CAA, ATSC, and connected to the servic
19、e provider router, which may be located in a different State; c) VDL network and ATN network operated by both a commercial services provider and the CAA - ground stations providing both AOC and ATSC, I-1-1 COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCo
20、pyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1 I-I-2 Manual on VHF Digital Link (WL) Mode 2 r 1 Application : Application entitv Upper Subnetwork Points of Attachment .-.- l
21、ayer( s) Transport process Network Service Access Points .-. i T- T Network layer 1 1 CLNPIRP I Avionics U SNAcP I DATALINK I Avionics ATN Host Computer Avionics I AirIGround AirIGround I Ground ATN Router ATN Router Il 71 Legend: Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) Subnetwork Dependent Convergen
22、ce Function (SNDCF) Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAcP) Routing Information Exchange Protocol (RP) Ground DATA LINK PHYSICAL ATN Host Computer Figure 1-1. ATN protocol architecture simultaneously connected to an AOC router (which may be outside the State) and to a CAA router (within the State); and,
23、d) VDL and AIV network operated by both a commercial services provider and the CAA - CAA ground stations (for ATSC) and commercial service provider ground stations (for AOC), operating within the same designated operational coverage. 1.5 INTEROPERABILITY The VDL communications functions will provide
24、 subnetwork services so that interoperability among subnetworks can be maintained. Interoperability allows an application process to send or to receive data messages over any of the available subnetworks without having to select a particular subnetwork or to know which subnetwork is being used for a
25、 particular message. These other subnetworks might include, but are not limited to, Application process entit la er c Transport CLNPIRP Ground SNDCF aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S), Mode S data link, HF data link, VDL Mode 3 and VDL Mode 4. 1.6 SUBNETWORK SELECTION The choice
26、 of the specific subnetwork to be used is a function of the quality-of-service (QOS) requested by the application, the QOS of the available subnetworks and the specific user and network provider policies. 1.7 FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT Frequency management is a cooperative effort between the ground networ
27、k and the aircraft. Ground service providers dynamically assign operational frequencies within a particular airspace to resolve factors beyond the control of the aircraft. The resulting system is able to adjust ,. COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling Se
28、rvicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Part I. Implementation aspects Chapter I. DeJNlitions and system capabilities frequencies freely to account for designat
29、ed operational coverage (DOC), air traffic control (ATC) sector boundaries, ATN administration domains and local traffic conditions. 1.8 COMMON SIGNALLING CHANNEL The designation of a common signalling channel (CSC) provides a ready means for an aircraft first to log on to the system. When coverage
30、exists in an area, it will always exist at least on the CSC. Once a connection is established on the CSC, an aircraft can be returned to any discrete frequency within the assigned frequency range. The CSC also may be utilized as a common channel, when there is an emergency, or as a default channel w
31、henever communication is lost; when traffic is light in an area, it may be used as a normal data channel. 1-1-3 1.10 SUB-LAYER RELATIONSHIP Figure 1-2 shows the relationship between the sub-layers, including the primitives which flow between the sub-layers. The primitives outlined in Figure 1-2 are
32、also outlined in the Appendix to Part 1 of this manual in the form of message sequence charts (MSC) which depict the sequence of events for the key VDL processes such as: a) VHF subnetwork initiation process (explicit subnetwork connection); b) VHF subnetwork explicit subnetwork handoff; c) VHF subn
33、etwork expedited subnetwork handoff; and d) VHF subnetwork termination process. 1.1 1 EXTERNAL INTERFACES 1.9 NAMING CONVENTION The following leading identifiers are used to identi with which protocol sub-layer a primitive or protocol entity is associated: Protocol sub-layer Single-letter Two-letter
34、 identifier identifier Physical layer P PH Media access control M MA sub-layer Data link sub-layer D DL Link management G LM entity sub-layer Subnetwork layer S SN The external interfaces to the VDL are noted by connections between a module and the containing box. The leading identifier of the conne
35、ction names the transmitting entity: Protocol sub-layer Identifier Subnetwork dependent convergence N Broadcast subnetwork dependent B Internetworking services system IS Exceptions processing entity E Radio frequency RF facility convergence facility management entity COPYRIGHT International Civil Av
36、iation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I-1-4 Manual on VHF Digital Link (WL) Mode 2 MGMT NETWORK LAYER SN
37、-UNITDATA.ind VHF-SERVICEdown.req SN-UNITDATA.req SN-UNITDATA.re 1 SC-LiNKUP.ind SCNOEXP-CALL.ind LM-SVCS-AVAIL.ind I VHF-SNDCF DL-UNITDATAhd LM-LINKDOWN.ind LM-EXP CALL.ind LMISUBET.ind SN-CALL.req SNCALL.rsp (grnd) Subnetwork LM-DISC.ind DL-DATA.ind I- LM-SUBNET.req ; LM-STARTUP.req LM-SHUTDOWN.re
38、q l i PH-SQP.ind VHF Management Entity DL-RST-TM2 ind DL-RST-FRMR ind DL-RST-DM Data Link Service LLC-1 I (0,lO) (191) PH-DATAhd TX-EVENT-TM2.ind TX-EVENT-TM2.ind PH-0CC.ind TX QUEUE.req TX-QUEUE.req 1 TX-Queue Management MA-EVENT-TM2.ind r DL-UNITDATA.req 1 Figure 1-2. Primitive flow diagram COPYRI
39、GHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOLS AND
40、SERVICES 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.1 The physical layer provides services to activate, maintain and de-activate connections for bit transmission in the data link layers. The following service elements are the responsibility of the physical layer: activation of the transmission channel; establishment of b
41、it synchronization; physical data transmission by an appropriate radio system; channel status signalling; fault condition notification; local network definitions; and service quality parameters. 2.1.2 Data link layer user data is passed to the physical layer on primitives. Data link user data receiv
42、ed by the physical layer entity from a remote physical layer entity via the VI-IF medium is passed up to the data link layer on a primitive. Any indications required for diagnostic or error conditions are passed between these layers on service primitives. 2.2 FUNCTIONS 2.2.1 Transceiver control Freq
43、uency selection will be performed upon requests passed on from the link layer. Transmitter keying will be performed on demand from the data link layer to transmit a frame. 2.2.2 Notification services Signal quality indication will be performed on the demodulator evaluation process using parameters s
44、uch as phase distortion, coherence and signal-to-noise measure- ments and on the receive evaluation process using parameters such as signal strength, carrier detect and output power. 2.2.3 Transmission characteristics for VDL iMode 2 2.2.3.1 VDL Mode 2 modulation. DSPSK may be produced by combining
45、two quadrature radio frequency (RF) signais which are independently suppressed carrier amplitude modulated by baseband filtered impulses. The baseband impulse filters have a frequency response with the shape of a raised cosine with an excess bandwidth factor equal to 0.6. This characteristic allows
46、a high degree of suppression of adjacent channel energy, with performance dependent only upon hardware implemen- tation of the modulating and amplification circuits. 2.2.3,t.l ihlti-phase encoding. The VDL Mode 2 modulation scheme will use the Gray Coding method to map or assign the 3-bit informatio
47、n bits into one of the eight possible phases. Gray Coding is one in which adjacent phases differ by one binary digit as illustrated in Figure 2-1 The most likely errors caused by noise involve the erroneous selection of an adjacent phase to the transmitted signal phase; by using the Gray Coding meth
48、od only a single bit error occurs in the 3-bit sequence. 2.2.3.1.2 VDL Mode 2 rate. Future modes of VDL that incorporate time division multiple access (TDMA) schemes may employ the baseband symbol clock to maintain timing for media access. In this case, it is expected that ground equipment supportin
49、g TDMA schemes will require a tolerance in the baseband symbol clock of at least *0.001 per cent. 2.2.3.2 Forward error correction (FEC). The systematic, lightweight Reed-Solomon code selected is simple to code and can be decoded with progressively more complicated decoding techniques as shown by Table 7- 1. I-2- I COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLic
