1、Cir 305-ANI177 Corrigendum (English and Spanish only) 14/3/05 OPERATION OF NEW LARGER AEROPLANES AT EXISTING AERODROMES CORRIGENDUM Please make the following changes to Chapter 1 , paragraph 1.15 (page 3): 1.15 Annex 14, Volume I, due consideration should be given to all factors affecting safety, in
2、cluding: If the operation of NLAs is contemplated on runways narrower than the 60 m recommended in a) the type certification of the NLA concerned in accordance with Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft (see Chapter 5, paragraph SA4 5.2 of this circular); b) the use of possible mitigation measures dis
3、cussed in Chapter 4, $bebwU4 and c) local conditions and other operational factors. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Civil Aviation Org
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20、 Sales Unit, ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD In the early 1990s, the major aeroplane manufacturers announced that plans were in hand to develop
21、 aeroplanes larger than the Boeing B747-400 - currently the largest passenger aeroplane in commercial service - capable of carrying more than 500 passengers. In response to the stated need for appropriate ICAO provisions to facilitate aerodrome development for these new larger aeroplanes WAS), ICAO
22、undertook a study with the participation of several States, selected international organizations and aeroplane manufacturers. The results of that study led to Amendment 3 to Annex 14 - Aerodromes, Volume I - Aerodrome Design and Operations, which was adopted by the ICAO Council in March 1999. A new
23、aerodrome reference code letter F to cover aeroplanes with wingspans fiom 65 m up to but not including 80 m, and an outer main gear wheel span iom 14 m up to but not including 16 m was established. Consequent new specifications on aerodrome physical characteristics for these aeroplanes were also dev
24、eloped. The new code F specifications in Annex 14, Volume I, became applicable from 1 November 1999. Aerodrome rescue and fire fighting (RFF) specifications for aeroplanes with maximum fuselage widths in excess of 7 m, and lengths greater than 76 m, RFF category 10, had already been developed and in
25、cluded in the Annex. Newer generations of aeroplanes generally have an impact on existing aerodrome facilities and services when the dimensions and/or mass of these aeroplanes exceed the design parameters used in planning and developing the aerodrome. Consequently, as such newer and larger aeroplane
26、s have entered into commercial service, aerodromes have evolved by making the necessary modifications to comply with the applicable Annex 14 specifications, as updated from time to time. In certain cases, such modifications may not be considered practicable. In such cases, in order to ensure that a
27、new aeroplane can be safely operated, States should carry out appropriate aeronautical studies to evaluate the suitability of existing facilities and to determine the need for alternative measures, operational procedures and operating restrictions for the specific aeroplane concerned. Some States an
28、d intemational organizations have already undertaken such studies, tailored to a specific aeroplane type, to determine if solutions can be developed for those existing aerodromes which may not be able to comply fully with the code F provisions for the introduction of the NLA concerned. In May 2003,
29、the ICAO Council was presented with a twofold Action Plan developed by the Air Navigation Commission for the introduction of NLAs into international civil aviation service. First, this circular was developed to provide States with information concerning aerodrome facilities and services, air traffic
30、 management and flight operations, which should be considered in accommodating NLAs at existing aerodromes. Second, a review will be undertaken of the current Annex 14, Volume I, code F provisions, including their underlying basis, taking into consideration the results of studies being conducted out
31、side of ICAO. It should be understood that Annex 14 contains all of the provisions aimed at ensuring the safe operation of NLAs in general. However, each aeronautical study is specific to a particular context and to a particular NLA. Caution should therefore be exercised in considering its applicabi
32、lity to other situations and locations. Each State that approves an aeronautical study and its resulting alternative measures, operational procedures and operating restrictions is responsible for their application. Where operating restrictions are implemented, these shodd be reviewed periodically an
33、d be considered only as a temporary altemative to Annex 14 compliance. . This circular was developed in close cooperation with the Air Navigation Commission. It should be noted that ali references in this circular to Annex 14, Volume I, are to the fourth edition which will become applicable on 25 No
34、vember 2004. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(ii) Circular 305-ANA 77 users are invited to offer comments and suggestions for improvements or additions based
35、on their practical experience in using this information in their national planning for the operation of NLAs at existing aerodromes. These should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo
36、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter1 . Introduction 1 Purpose . Scope . 1 1 Chapter 2 . Impact of the characteristics of new larger aeroplanes on the aerodrome infrastructure . . 4 Introduction CharactensticsofNLAs . Fuselagewidth . Fusela
37、geheight . Fuselageleng th . Tailheight wingspan . Wing tip vertical clearance . Cockpitview . Outer main gear wheel span Main gear steering system Enginedata Maximum passenger- and fuel-carrying capacities . Distance from the pilots eye position to the nose landing gear and to the main landing gear
38、 Landinggeardesi gn Wheelbase Maximumaircraftmass . Landing gear geometry, tire pressure and ACN values . Flightperformance Technologyevolution Chapter 3 . Methodology for conducting aeronautical studies Introduction Basic considerations Risk assessment and possible mitigation measures Objectives an
39、d scope . Safety analysis aspects Risk assessment process . Chapter 4 . Aerodrome facilities and services Facilities Introduction . Runways Runwayshoulders . 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 17 (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provide
40、d by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(iv) Circular 305-ANA 77 Runway strip and runway end safety area Taxiway shoulders. Bridges, tunnels, and culverts under taxiways . Taxiway minimum separation distances . Pavementdesign
41、 Aerodrome operational safety services . Aerodrome emergency planning. Rescue and fire fighting services. Taxiways . Disabled aircraft removal. . Aerodrome maintenance services Obstacle limitation surfaces. Obstaclefreezone . Visualaids Markingsandsigns Lights . Ground servicing of aeroplanes Aeropl
42、ane de-icinglanti-icing facilities Page 19 19 22 23 25 30 30 30 32 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 Chapter 5. Aircraft operations. 38 Air operator certification. 38 Flight procedures design . 39 Obstacle limitation surfaces 39 Obstacle free zone (OFZ). . 39 Aircraft speed categorization . 40 Environmenta
43、l aspects. 40 Chapter 6. Air traffic management issues 42 Wake turbulence issues 42 Chapter 7. Aeronautical studies. . 43 Scope and applicability 43 Approval of an aeronautical study . Defining the scope of the aeronautical study . Studyplan . 44 Recommendations and conclusions . 45 Aeronautical inf
44、ormation service (AIS) 43 44 45 46 ICA0 specifications and guidance material. Appendix A: Characteristics of new larger aeroplanes . 47 Appendix B: Bibliography . 54 Appendix C: Obstacle free zone - Overview of a balked landing simulation study of NLAs. . 56 Copyright International Civil Aviation Or
45、ganization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this circular is to assist States in addressing the various aspects of operating NLAs at existing aerodromes and to d
46、raw the attention of States and aerodrome operators to the impact on existing aerodromes of new larger aeroplanes (NLAs) such as the Airbus A380. This circular provides information on the issues concerning aerodrome facilities and services, au traffic management and flight operations that should be
47、considered in accommodating NLAs at existing aerodromes. 1.2 This circular provides guidance on conducting aeronautical studies, including the development of alternative measures, operational procedures and operating restrictions that could, while preserving safety, allow aerodromes that do not meet
48、 the relevant Annex 14, Volume I, code F criteria to accommodate a specific NLA. States remain responsible for deciding what is acceptable as a measure, procedure or restriction. 1.3 This circular also addresses the impact of new longer aeroplanes such as the Airbus A340-600 and the Boeing B777-300 which, though belonging to aerodrome reference code E, have a very long fuselage, causing some problems at existing aerodrome stands, taxiway curves and holding positions. The need to conduct a specific study in all such cases and to review the clearances from all relevant angles is emp
