1、 2015CODE ANDCOMMENTARYThe complete IBC with commentary after eachsectionVOLUME 1IBC2015 International Building Code CommentaryFirst Printing: March 2015ISBN: 978-1-60983-280-3 (soft-cover edition)COPYRIGHT 2015byINTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2015 International Building C
2、odeCommentaryVolume I is a copyrighted work owned bythe International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may bereproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or m
3、echan-ical means (by way of example, and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system).For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 Flossmoor Road, CountryClub Hills, IL 60478. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAF
4、E (422-7233).Trademarks: “International Code Council,” the “International Code Council” logo and the “International Building Code” are trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODECOMMENTARY iiiPREFACEThe principal purpose of the Commentary
5、is to provide a basic volume of knowledge and facts relating to building constructionas it pertains to the regulations set forth in the 2015 International Building Code. The person who is serious about effectivelydesigning, constructing and regulating buildings and structures will find the Commentar
6、y to be a reliable data source andreference to almost all components of the built environment.As a follow-up to the International Building Code, we offer a companion document, the International Building CodeCommentaryVolume I. Volume I covers Chapters 1 through 15 of the 2015 International Building
7、Code. The basic appeal ofthe Commentary is thus: it provides in a small package and at reasonable cost thorough coverage of many issues likely to bedealt with when using the International Building Code and then supplements that coverage with historical and technicalbackground. Reference lists, infor
8、mation sources and bibliographies are also included.Throughout all of this, effort has been made to keep the vast quantity of material accessible and its method of presentationuseful. With a comprehensive yet concise summary of each section, the Commentary provides a convenient reference forregulati
9、ons applicable to the construction of buildings and structures. In the chapters that follow, discussions focus on the fullmeaning and implications of the code text. Guidelines suggest the most effective method of application, and the consequences ofnot adhering to the code text. Illustrations are pr
10、ovided to aid understanding; they do not necessarily illustrate the only methodsof achieving code compliance.The format of the Commentary includes the full text of each section, table and figure in the code, followed immediately by thecommentary applicable to that text. At the time of printing, the
11、Commentary reflects the most up-to-date text of the 2015International Building Code. As stated in the preface to the International Building Code, the content of sections in the codewhich begin with a letter designation (i.e., Section F307.1) are maintained by another code development committee. Each
12、sections narrative includes a statement of its objective and intent, and usually includes a discussion about why the requirementcommands the conditions set forth. Code text and commentary text are easily distinguished from each other. All code text isshown as it appears in the International Building
13、 Code, and all commentary is indented below the code text and begins with thesymbol .Readers should note that the Commentary is to be used in conjunction with the International Building Code and not as asubstitute for the code. The Commentary is advisory only; the code official alone possesses the a
14、uthority and responsibility forinterpreting the code.Comments and recommendations are encouraged, for through your input, we can improve future editions. Please direct yourcomments to the Codes and Standards Development Department at the Chicago District Office.The International Code Council would l
15、ike to extend its thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to thetechnical content of this commentary:Brian Black Kevin BrinkmanJohn Woestman Gregory CahaninDavid Cooper Rebecca QuinnDave Collins Joann SurmarVickie Lovell James MilkeJohn Valiulis Richard WalkeMarcelo Hirschler Dav
16、e FrableJeff Hugo Elley KlausbrucknerDick Bukowskiiv 2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODECOMMENTARYS.I. CONVERSION CHART FOR ENGLISH UNITSEnglish Unit Metric Equivalent1 inch (in.) 25.4 millimeters (mm)1 foot (ft.) 304.8 millimeters (mm)1 square inch (in2) 645.2 square millimeters (mm2)1 square foot (ft
17、2) 0.093 square meters (m2)1 cubic foot (ft3) 0.028 cubic meters (m3)1 gallon (gal.) .00379 cubic meters (m3)1 gallon (gal.) 3.79 liters (L)1 pound (lb.) 0.454 kilograms (kg)1 ton (T) 0.907 metric ton1 ton (T) 907.2 kilograms (kg)1 pound per square inch (psi) 6.894 kilo- Pascals (kPa)1 pound per squ
18、are inch (psi) .0703 kilogram force per square centimeter1 pound per square foot (psf) 47.88 Pascals (Pa)1 pound per square foot (psf) 47.88 Newton per square meter (N/m2)1 foot candle 10.764 lux1 inch water column 248.84 Pascal1 degree 0.01745 radian1 Btu/hr 0.2931 WattTemperature degrees Fahrenhei
19、t 1.8 x degrees C + 32.2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE COMMENTARY vTABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-28PART 1SCOPE AND APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-6PART 2ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1-28CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-108CHAPTER 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-46CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-146C
22、HAPTER 5 GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5-56CHAPTER 6 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-18CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTEC
23、TION FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7-200CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 8-16CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9-142CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 10-214CHAPTER 11 ACCESSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 11-80CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 12-22CHAPTER 13 ENERGY EFFICIENCY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 13-2CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1 14-50CHAPTER 15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1 15-40INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX-1 INDEX-38vi 2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE COMMENTARY 2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
28、COMMENTARY 1-1Chapter 1:Scope and AdministrationGeneral CommentsThis chapter contains provisions for the application,enforcement and administration of subsequent require-ments of the code. In addition to establishing the scopeof the code, Chapter 1 identifies which buildings andstructures come under
29、 its purview.Chapter 1 is subdivided into two parts. Part 1 includesscope and application, Sections 101 and 102. Part 2deals with administration and enforcement, Sections103 through 116. Section 101 addresses the scope of the IBC andreferences the other International Codesmen-tioned in the code. Sec
30、tion 102 establishes the applicability of thecode and addresses existing structures. Section 103 establishes the department of buildingsafety and the appointment of department person-nel. Section 104 outlines the duties and authority of thebuilding official with regard to permits, inspectionsand rig
31、ht of entry. It also establishes the authorityof the building official to approve alternative mate-rials, used materials and modifications. Section 105 states when permits are required andestablishes procedures for the review of applica-tions and the issuance of permits. Section 106 provides require
32、ments for posting liveloads greater than 50 pounds per square foot (psf)(2394 Pa). Section 107 describes the information that mustbe included on construction documents submittedwith the application. Section 108 authorizes the building official to issuepermits for temporary structures and uses. Secti
33、on 109 establishes requirements for a feeschedule. Section 110 includes inspection duties of the build-ing official or an inspection agency that has beenapproved by the building official. Section 111 details provisions for the issuance ofcertificates of occupancy. Section 112 gives the building offi
34、cial the authorityto approve utility connections. Section 113 establishes the board of appeals andcriteria for making applications for appeal. Section 114 addresses administrative provisionsfor violations, including provisions for unlawfulacts, violation notices, prosecution and penalties. Section 1
35、15 describes procedures for stop workorders. Section 116 establishes the criteria for unsafestructures and equipment, and the procedures tobe followed by the building official for abatementand notification to the responsible party.Each states building code enabling legislation, whichis grounded with
36、in the police power of the state, is thesource of all authority to enact building codes. In termsof how it is used, police power is the power of the stateto legislate for the general welfare of its citizens. Thispower enables passage of such laws as building codes.If the state legislature has limite
37、d this power in any way,the municipality may not exceed these limitations. Whilethe municipality may not further delegate its policepower (e.g., by delegating the burden of determiningcode compliance to the building owner, contractor orarchitect), it may turn over the administration of thebuilding c
38、ode to a municipal official, such as a buildingofficial, provided that sufficient criteria are given toestablish clearly the basis for decisions as to whether aproposed building conforms to the code.Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining “dueprocess of law” in enforcing the building perform
39、ancecriteria contained in the body of the code. Only throughcareful observation of the administrative provisions canthe building official reasonably hope to demonstrate that“equal protection under the law” has been provided.While it is generally assumed that the administrationand enforcement section
40、 of a code is geared toward abuilding official, this is not entirely true. The provisionsalso establish the rights and privileges of the designprofessional, contractor and building owner. The posi-tion of the building official is merely to review the pro-posed and completed work and to determine if
41、theconstruction conforms to the code requirements. Thedesign professional is responsible for the design of asafe structure. The contractor is responsible for con-structing the structure in compliance with the plans.During the course of construction, the building officialreviews the activity to ascer
42、tain that the spirit and intentof the law are being met and that the safety, health andwelfare of the public will be protected. As a public ser-vant, the building official enforces the code in an unbi-ased, proper manner. Every individual is guaranteedequal enforcement of the provisions of the code.
43、 Fur-thermore, design professionals, contractors and build-ing owners have the right of due process for anyrequirement in the code.SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION1-2 2015 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODECOMMENTARYPART 1SCOPE AND APPLICATIONSECTION 101GENERALA 101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the
44、Building Code of NAME OF JURISDICTION, hereinafterreferred to as “this code.”The purpose of this section is to identify the adoptedregulations by inserting the name of the adoptingjurisdiction into the code.A 101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply tothe construction, alteration, reloca
45、tion, enlargement, replace-ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, main-tenance, removal and demolition of every building orstructure or any appurtenances connected or attached to suchbuildings or structures.Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings andmultiple single-family dw
46、ellings (townhouses) not morethan three stories above grade plane in height with a sepa-rate means of egress, and their accessory structures notmore than three stories above grade plane in height, shallcomply with the International Residential Code.This section establishes when the regulations con-t
47、ained in the code must be followed, whether all or inpart. Something must happen (construction of a newbuilding, modification to an existing one or allowingan existing building or structure to become unsafe)for the code to be applicable. While such activity maynot be as significant as a new building
48、, a fence isconsidered a structure and, therefore, its erection iswithin the scope of the code. The building code is nota maintenance document requiring periodic inspec-tions that will, in turn, result in an enforcement action,although periodic inspections are addressed by theInternational Fire Code
49、(IFC).The exception indicates that detached one- andtwo-family dwellings and townhouses that are notmore than three stories above grade and have sepa-rate means of egress are to comply with the Interna-tional Residential Code(IRC). The definition oftownhouse adds that an IRC townhouse must meetfour criteria: 1. It is not more than three stories inheigh
