1、IES DG-23-14Design Guide for Lighting for Toll PlazasIES DG-23-14Lighting for Toll PlazasPublication of this Design Guide has been approved by the IES. Suggestions for revisions should be directed to the IES.Prepared by:Toll Plaza Subcommittee of theIES Roadway Lighting CommitteeIES DG-23-14Copyrigh
2、t 2014 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors March 8, 2014, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval
3、system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attent
4、ion is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-291-4Printed in the United States of A
5、mericaDISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the
6、IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other
7、damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services
8、for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exer
9、cise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification
10、 or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES DG-23-14Prepared by the IES Roadway Lighting CommitteeToll Plazas Sub-CommitteeJ. Kroll, Chair 2008-2012E. Kramer, C
11、hair 2012 -M.Tedesco, Vice-ChairC. Andersen*J. Bastianpillai*R. BradfordM. GabrielE. GrillR. GuptaB. HarveyJ. Havard*W.HughesJ. Kroll*C. KwongT. Li P. LutkevichM. Maltezos*K. Molloy*E. Morel C. Shaflik*A. SibigerR. Velazquez*Advisory Members* Honorary MembersThis document is dedicated to the memory
12、of John KrollCover photograph provided courtesy of Ed Kramer, EJkramer Consulting, LL.Roadway Lighting CommitteeN. Dittman, ChairA. Silbiger, Vice ChairE. Morel, TreasurerW. Smelser, SecretaryM. AitkenheadB. AnanthanarayananC. AndersenS. Annoh*J. ArmstrongP. ArumugasaamyT. BakerJ. BastianpillaiJ. Bl
13、oomfieldP. Box*R. Bradford*S. BraunM. BucciJ. Buraczynski*K. BurkettE. Cacique*C. ChadwickB. Chau*G. ChelvanayagamA. Cheng* J. Cheung*V. CiminoR. ClearP. Contos*S. Coyle*Charles Craig*D. CrawfordM. Cunningham*J. Degnan*J. DoyleM. DudasM. FeeT. FenimoreJ. Frazer*M. FreedmanM. Gabriel*R. GibbonsR. Gup
14、taG. Harlow*J. HartJ. Harvey*R. HarveyG. Hauser*J. Havard*W. HughesD. Husby*J. Jiao*M. Janoff*J. Jewell*R. Jones*J. Josefowicz*R. KauffmanD. KeithE. KramerJ. KrollM. Kurtz*C. Kwong*S. LansfordL. LeetzowO. Letamendi*R. LeVere*J. Levy*I. LewinT. Li*D. Line*L. Livingston*P. Lutkevich*M. MaltezosM. Maye
15、r*J. McCormick*S. McKnight*D. McLean*J. Meyers*J. Mickel*C. Miller*K. Molloy*D. MonahanC. Mondesir*J. Mugivan*K. NegashH. Odle*D. Okon*B. Owen*D. Paulin*M. Pearse*C. Pekar*P. Phillips*L. RadetskyR. RainerP. ReedP. SabauR. Schwab*C. Shaflik*B. Shelby*J. Simmers*L. SmithM. Smolyzansky*F. Stohl*R. Topa
16、lova*A. Weaver*S. Wentworth*S. SpitulskiR. StarkR. StemprokM. TedescoP. Van Der PolR. VincentV. Waight*J. WeaverS. WegnerR. YeagerAdvisory Members*Honorary Members*IES DG-23-14IES DG-23-14Contents1.0 Introduction.12.0 The Plaza Defined12.1 Toll Roads .12.2 Toll Plaza 12.3 Approach Road (Ramp) whethe
17、r manual, auto-mated or electronic. This structure also provides the means to mount the luminaires required to provide the necessary illuminance for the collection areas roadway surface. It should be noted that in addition to the ambient lighting provided under the canopy, supplemental luminaires th
18、at are normally part of the roadway lighting system will also be mounted to provide the necessary illuminance at the point the transaction is actually made between the toll atten-dant and the driver.2.5.2 Toll Collection Area There are three types of toll collection areas, the first being a Manual l
19、ane where a person (toll collector) actually performs a manual exchange of money. The second type is an Automated lane, which only accepts exact change and Electronic Toll Collection equipment integrated into the standard collection lanes. The third and newest method for collecting tolls is to have
20、express lanes that are designed to collect the toll electronical-ly and not require the vehicle to stop or slow down.The manual and automated collection lanes consist of two key task areas; a booth for the toll attendant to occupy and collect tolls and the second being the task area where the money
21、is exchanged (or dropped into the automated machine). The second area is the area defined in Table 1 as “Toll Collection Area” and is illuminated for the horizontal task.Electronic Toll Collection type lanes are those lanes which utilize electronic devices mounted to the vehicles windshield (windscr
22、een) or sometimes to the front bumper depending on the vehicle. These devices electronically send a signal to a receiving device at the plaza. These lanes typically do not have a toll booth or automated collection machine; they are simply areas with a canopy or overhead structure that houses an elec
23、tronic sensing device that receives a signal from the vehicle as it passes through. The device then initiates an electronic pay-ment, thus not requiring the vehicle to stop.Many of todays toll facilities have a combination of the three types of collection areas. This is mainly due to the new technol
24、ogy associated with the electronic type toll collection process. The Authorities are ret-rofitting existing lanes to include the electronic type payment system. These areas can become compli-cated to properly illuminate, especially if the walkway 2.3 Approach Road (Ramp) IES-RP-20, Parking Area Ligh
25、ting and G-1-03, Guideline on Security Lighting for People, Property, and Public Spaces. Again, as stated above, special attention should be given to glare when lighting the Infield. It is recommended that luminaire poles be positioned (if possible) at the edges of the roadways in order to distribut
26、e the lighting away from the drivers field of view. This will also increase the amount of vertical illuminance on pedestrians making it easier for the driver to identify their presence.2.7 Administration/Maintenance BuildingsThe administration and maintenance buildings are usually found within the i
27、nfield areas and are located far enough back to not obstruct the drivers view dur-ing their approach. The lighting of these structures is not discussed in this document. Refer to the IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition for lighting require-ments within the building(s).3.0 CURRENT STANDARDSThe only a
28、pplicable standards related to the lighting of roadway surfaces within a Toll Plaza are the: ANSI/IES RP-8-00 (R2005) American National Standard for Roadway Lighting AASHTO Roadway Lighting Design Guide, October 2005 Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Lighting Handbook, 2012 Transportation Rese
29、arch Boards, NCHRP Synthesis 240, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Toll Plaza Design CIE-115-2010 Recommendation for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic. See References 6.0, for complete listingThese documents currently provide lighting recom-mendations for high-spee
30、d limited access roadways and off roadway facilities with minimal recommenda-tions for the additional needs of toll plaza lighting. These guidelines are used throughout the country by various agencies responsible for illuminating toll plazas. Many agencies have developed in-house policies which have
31、 been used successfully for a number of years for their own facilities. The intention for the toll attendants is on the driving surface. When lighting the canopy/toll booth areas, it is critical to understand the location of the pedestrian walkway for the toll attendants.2.5.3 Toll Collection Booth
32、For those lanes that have a manual toll collection booth, the booth is designed to provide weather protection for the toll attendant. The primary function is to provide a means to manage the collected tolls. Environmental consid-erations should be given to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (
33、HVAC). In addition; communications, money management, and, most importantly, illumi-nance should also be addressed appropriately. Since the visual tasks for the attendant in the toll booth are multi-faceted, so too are the illumination requirements. The interior illuminance necessary for the toll at
34、tendant to function inside the booth, The ability to see the money being received from the driver The ability to see vehicles approaching the collection area.Although the booth lighting is typically provided by the booth manufacturer, these key factors shall be accounted for not only for daytime lig
35、hting, but at night as well.2.5.4 Walkways Consideration should be given to the walkway areas around the toll collection island. These areas are used by the toll attendants to move from booth to booth. Due to congestion, the driver can easily be distracted and may not necessarily see a pedestrian. T
36、he designer should give special attention to ensure these areas are visible. It is recommended that when a walkway is located on the driving surface that the appropriate vertical illuminance be provided (See Table 1). Modern toll collection facilities provide a means of access through underground wa
37、lkways or pedestrian tunnels, but at older facilities, the walk-ways are next to the line of toll booths.2.6 InfieldThe unpaved open areas within the plaza are com-monly called the Infield. These areas play an important role because they provide clear lines of sight, enabling the driver to clearly a
38、ssess traffic conditions. The Infield will often have buildings for administration purposes, maintenance shops and storage facilities. However, the most important characteristic for these areas is that they have parking areas and thus, pedestrians.The illumination for this area provides for security
39、, and should also account for pedestrians. Additional 4IES DG-23-145.0 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSThe lighting for toll plazas shall be suitable for many visual tasks. The environment consists of the areas described in Section 2, with each area having dis-tinct lighting requirements. Lighting design
40、s should focus on the following items associated with the visual tasks. The clear sense of direction for the operators of vehicles passing through the tolls The safety of the facility employees when transferring from one booth to another, or walking within parking areas which are typically located i
41、n the infield. The appropriate amount of illuminance to complete the toll transaction. Reversible Lanes. Bank switching of lighting for reversible lanes. Designer should take into account the appropriate lighting zones (see Section 5.9).5.1 Luminaire PlacementThe luminaires used to illuminate toll p
42、lazas range from standard roadway to floodlight type configura-tions. In some facilities, combination poles are used placing roadway style luminaires at a point some distance up the pole, with floodlights placed above that illuminating the areas further away from the pole.The placement of the lumina
43、ires and poles are gen-erally at the edge of the finished pavement, located outside the clear zone, along the gore and transition areas. For smaller toll plazas, standard roadway type of this guide is to assemble the various guidelines used by the various agencies (shown in the Column labeled “Curre
44、nt Known Values”) and then provide a cohesive recommended illuminance level that can be used by those agencies that have not yet developed any guidelines to date.4.0 RECOMMENDED ILLUMINANCE CRITERIAThe current practice of toll plaza lighting has been obtained by polling various tolling authorities,
45、experi-enced illumination engineers, and the organizations responsible for warranting/setting illumination guide-lines in the vehicular environments.Using the range of values obtained from the survey of a group of polled agencies and experts in the United States, it is found that acceptable levels f
46、or Toll Plazas are the values shown in Table 1.Bearing in mind that the human eye can easily handle a sudden increased illuminance, it cannot handle the decrease as easily. Thus, when exiting the toll collection area, it is recommended to main-tain a uniform reduction in the average illuminance leve
47、l throughout the departure zone by reducing the average illuminance equally in steps no greater than 3 times the previous step until it matches that of the roadway. However it should be understood that the uniformity within each step should be no greater than 3.0 to 1 average to minimum.In addition,
48、 the illumination should also be evaluated for glare. Glare can be debilitating and quickly gen-erate confusion for the driver. Therefore, the Veiling Luminance Ratio should never be greater than 0.3 Lvmax/Lavg. This value can be derived by referring to IES-RP-8.Table 1. Illuminance GuidelinesIllumi
49、nance Criteria for Toll Plazas1Current Known Maintained Values lx (fc)Minimum Recommended Value2lx (fc)Toll Collection Area (Manual (1) instant restrike in the event of momentary power interruption, (2) choice of compact or linear sources, which can provide continuous lighting, eliminating the concern for flicker effect, (3) low lamp cost, and (4) availability of various lamp color temperatures with high color rendering indices.The disadvantages include; (1) possible large (lin-ear) lamp size, (2) potential lower lamp efficacy, (3) minimal c
