1、Recommended PracticeforPhotobiological Safety forLamps Risk GroupClassification andLabelingANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-07The LIGHTINGAUTHORITYANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-07Recommended Practice forPhotobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems - Risk Group Classification and LabelingPrepared by The IESNA Photobiolo
2、gy CommitteePrepared by the IESNA Photobiology CommitteeRobert E. Levin, ChairR. BergmanG. BrainardJ. BulloughA. ClarkeR. Collins*G. Costa*R. Daubach*M. Dhaliwal*P. ForbesH. HooverA. JacksonR. Landry*A. Lewis*M. Mainster*S. MillerS. MintzR. Nigrello*J. SheehyD. SlineyA. ThompsonR. VincentT. WestC. W
3、ilson*M. WolbarshtE. YandekS. Zigman* *Advisory MembersIESNA RP-27.3-07Copyright 2007 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IESNA Board of Directors, May 7, 2007, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved as American Nationa
4、l Standard May 17, 2007All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IESNA.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New Yor
5、k 10005.IESNA Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IESNA Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this docu-ment, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development,
6、 at the above address for verification and correction. The IESNA welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN #978-0-87995-220-4Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIESNA publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National S
7、tandards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IESNA administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no
8、guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IESNA disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from
9、the publication, use of, or reliance on this documentIn issuing and making this document available, the IESNA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IESNA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone
10、 else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reason-able care in any given circumstances.The IESNA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce complian
11、ce with the contents of this docu-ment. Nor does the IESNA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IESNA and is solely th
12、e responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.Contents1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Blue Light Hazard. . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Continuous Wave (CW) Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Emission Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 Exempt Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 Exposure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 Exposure Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 General Lighting Source (GLS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 Hazard Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 Infrared Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.10 Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.11 Lamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.12 Lamp Packaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.13 Ocular Hazard Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.14 Photokeratoconjunctivitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.15 Pulsed Lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.16 Retinal Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.17 Retinal Hazard Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.18 Risk Group (RG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.19 Skin Hazard Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.20 Ultraviolet Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.21 Visible Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.22 Visual Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 Lamp Safety Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Types of Lamps and Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Lamp Classifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3.1 Exempt Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . .44.3.2 Risk Group 1 (Low-Risk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.3.3 Risk Group 2 (Moderate Risk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.3.4
28、 Risk Group 3 (High-Risk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.0 Emission Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 General
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Basis for Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 Eval
30、uation Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3.1 General Lighting Source (GLS) Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5.3.2 Non General Lighting Source La
31、mps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 5.3.3 Special Case Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4 Continuous Wave Lamp Emission Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4.1 ES- S(l) Weighted Ultraviolet Irradiance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.2 EUV- Unweighted Ultraviolet Irradiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . .65.4.3 LR- R(l) Weighted Radiance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.4 LB- B(l) Weighted Radiance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.5 EB- B(l) Weigh
34、ted Irradiance - Small Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.4.6 EIR- Unweighted Infrared Irradiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.4.7 LIR- Unweighted Infrared Radiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.5 Risk Group Evaluation - Continuous Wave Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.6 Risk Group Evaluation of Pulsed Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . 95.7 Pulsed Lamp Emission Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7.1 HS- S(l) Weighted Ultraviolet Radiant Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.2 HUV- Unweighted Ult
37、raviolet Radiant Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.3 (LRt) - R(l) Weighted Radiance Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.4 (LBt) - B(l) Weighted Radiance Dose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.5 HIR- Unweighted Infrared Radiant Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.7.6 (LIRt) - Unweighted Infrared Radiance Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.0 Specifi
39、c Labeling Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.1 Labeling Equivalency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.2 Product Identificat
40、ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 Labeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3.1 Risk Group 1 . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.3.2 Risk Group 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.3.3 Risk Group 3 . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.4 Labeling Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.4.1 Ultraviolet Hazard, ESand EUV. . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.4.2 Retinal Thermal and Blue Light Hazards, LRand LBor EB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.4.3 Cornea/Lens Infrared Hazard, EIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . .126.4.4 Retinal Thermal, Low Visible Light, LIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.5 Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Glossar
45、y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-07Photobiological Safety for Lamps- Risk Group Classification and Labeling1.0 INTRODUCTIONThis standard is the third in a s
46、eries of standards relating to the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems and is devoted to lamp safety. Lamps were developed and produced in large quantities and became com-monplace in an era when industry-wide safety stan-dards were not common. The evaluation and control of lamp hazards
47、is a far more complicated subject than similar tasks for a single-wavelength laser system. The required radiometric measurements are quite involved, for they do not deal with the simple optics of a point source, but rather with an extended source which may or may not be altered by diffusers or proje
48、ction optics. Also, the wavelength distribution of the lamp may be altered by ancillary elements, diffusers, lenses, and the like, as well as by variations in operating voltage.To evaluate a broad-band optical source, such as an arc lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or an array of lamp
49、s, it is necessary to determine the spectral distribution of optical radiation emitted from the source at the point or points of nearest human access. This accessible emission spectral distribution of interest for a lamp system may differ from that actually being emitted by the lamp alone due to the filtration by any optical elements (e.g., projection optics) in the light path. Secondly, the size, or projected size, of the source must be characterized in the retinal hazard spectral region. Thirdly, it may be necessary to determine the variation of irradiance and projected radiance (see gl
