1、INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Design, Test, and Evaluation Division Recomended Practice 040.1 IEST-RP-DTE040.1 High-Intensity Acoustics Testing INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Arlington Place One 2340 S. Arlington Heights Road, Suite 10 Arlington Heights, IL 6
2、005-4516 Phone: (847) 981-010 Fax: (847) 981-4130 E-mail: iestiest.org Web: ww.iest.org 2 Copyrighted material INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY IEST-RP-DTE040.1 This Recomended Practice is published by the INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY to advance the technical
3、and enginering sciences. Its use is entirely voluntary, and determination of its aplicability and suitability for any particular use is solely the responsibility of the user. This Recomended Practice was prepared by and is under the jurisdiction of Working Group 040 of the IEST De-sign, Test, and Ev
4、aluation/Product Reliability Division. Copyright 203 by the INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY First printing, January 203 ISBN 978-1-87862-90-8 PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT: The Working Groups of the INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY are continualy working on improvemen
5、ts to their Recomended Practices and Reference Docu-ments. Sugestions from those who use these documents are welcome. If you have a sugestion regarding this document, please use the online Proposal for Improvement form found on the IEST website at ww.iest.org/proposal/form.html. INSTITUTE OF ENVIRON
6、MENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Arlington Place One 2340 S. Arlington Heights Road, Suite 10 Arlington Heights, IL 6005-4516 Phone: (847) 981-010 Fax: (847) 981-4130 E-mail: iestiest.org Web: ww.iest.org IEST-RP-DTE040.1 INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Copyrighted material 3 High-I
7、ntensity Acoustics Testing IEST-RP-DTE040.1 CONTENTS SECTION 1 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS.5 2 REFERENCES5 3 TERMS AND EFINITIONS.7 4 PURPOSE7 5 BACKGROUND7 6 TEST SPECIFICATIONS1 7 INSTRUMENTATION AND ATA PROCESING.13 8 TESTING.13 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY18 FIGURE 1 DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL ACOUSTIC TEST FACILITY9 2 H
8、IGH-INTENSITY ACOUSTIC SOURCES AND FATIGUE POTENTIAL12 3 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF PRODUCTS14 4 TEST PROCEDURE FLOW CHART14 5 TEST ACTIVITIES FLOW CHART.16 6 A TYPICAL ACOUSTIC CONTROL SYSTEM.16 7 A SCHEMATIC OF AN ACOUSTIC TEST CYCLE.17 4 Copyrighted material INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
9、S AND TECHNOLOGY IEST-RP-DTE040.1 IEST-RP-DTE040.1 INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Copyrighted material 5 INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Design, Test, and Evaluation Division Recomended Practice 040.1 High-Intensity Acoustics Testing IEST-RP-DTE040.1 1 SCOPE AN
10、D LIMITATIONS 1.1 Scope This Recomended Practice (RP) focuses on high-intensity acoustics testing (HIAT) within reverberant chambers, although a direct field acoustic test is also briefly described. This RP is intended for use as a high-level guide for practicing enginers and engi-nering managers fo
11、r planing and executing an acoustic test program. The users expected level of knowledge in acoustics and general hardware testing is medium to high. A brief overview of the acoustic environment encountered by aeronautical and aero-space systems and the simulation that can be achieved in a HIAT chamb
12、er is folowed by test phi-losophy, the description of a few typical test facilities, the discusion of test articles for various tests, the development of test specifications under diferent conditions, the requirement of instrumenta-tion and data procesing, and the procedures of test operation. A bib
13、liography and references are in-cluded. 1.2 Limitations This Recomended Practice (RP) is limited to high-intensity acoustics testing (HIAT) of aeronautical and aerospace systems within hard-wal reverberant chambers. The efectivenes of HIAT is discused, but the criteria for deciding when HIAT should
14、or should not be performed are beyond the scope of this RP. 2 REFERENCES 1. Smith, D. A. “Aceptance Test Efectivenes Including High Level Acoustic Testing.” Pro-cedings of the 34th Anual Technical Meting of the Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ar-lington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 198. 2. Smith, D.
15、 A. “System Level Acoustic Test Efec-tivenes.” Procedings of the 32nd Anual Technical Meting of the Institute of Environ-mental Sciences. Arlington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 1986. 3. Henricks, W. “Acoustic Simulation of Spacecraft Flight Vibration Environment.” SAE (Society of Automotive Enginering) P
16、aper No. 730940, 1973. 4. Botle, R. “Acoustic Facility Developments to Met Changing Requirements.” Procedings of the 37th Anual Technical Meting of the Insti-tute of Environmental Sciences. Arlington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 191. 5. Rogers, J. D., and D. M. Hendrick. “Sandia Na-tional Laboratories Ne
17、w High Level Acoustic Test Facility.” Procedings of the 36th Anual Technical Meting of the Institute of Environ-mental Sciences. Arlington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 190. 6. Westley, R., M. Baranowki, M. S. Westley, and L. C. Hurtubise. “High Level Acoustic Noise Generating Capability at the N.A.E. Aer
18、oacous-tic Facility, Structures and Materials Laboratory, N.A.E./N.R. C.C.” Procedings of the 36th An-nual Technical Meting of the Institute of Environmental Sciences. Arlington Heights, Ili-nois: IEST, 190. 6 Copyrighted material INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY IEST-RP-DTE040.1 7
19、. Larkin, P. A. “Direct, Near Field Acoustic Test-ing.” Paper 199-01-553 presented at 199 SAE World Aviation Congres, San Francisco, CA, October 20, 199. 8. Anthony, D., T. Scharton, and A. Lecese. “Di-rect Acoustic Test of Quikscat Spacecraft.” Paper 199-01-550 presented at 199 SAE World Aviation C
20、ongres, San Francisco, CA, October 20, 199. 9. MIL-STD-1540C: Test Requirements for Launch, Uper-stage, and Space Vehicles. United States Department of Defense. September 15, 194. 10. NASA-STD-701: Payload Vibroacoustic Test Criteria. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). June 21, 19
21、6. 1. “General Environmental Verification Specifica-tion for STS and ELV Payloads, Subsystems, and Components.” GEV-SE, NASA Godard Space Flight Center, January 190. 12. Himelblau, H., D. L. Kern, J. E. Maning, A. G. Piersol, and S. Rubin. NASA-HDBK-P018: Dy-namic Environmental Criteria. NASA (Natio
22、nal Aeronautics and Space Administration). May 199. 13. Le, Y. A., W. Henricks, and J. P. Woley. NASA CR-189280: “Payload Fairing Fil Factor Prediction Methodology.” NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). June 192. 14. Taner, C. ATM 84-(493-35)-9: “Shutle Pay-load Bay Acoustic Environ
23、ment Methodology.” The Aerospace Corporation. February 14, 1984. 15. Hughes, W., M. E. McNelis, and J. E. Maning. “NASA LERCs Acoustic Fil Efect Test Pro-gram and Results.” 65th Shock and Vibration Symposium, San Diego, CA., October 31-November 3, 194. Also available as NASA TM-1068, September 194.
24、16. On, F. J. NASA Memorandum Report 731-001-82: “DATE/OS-1 Payload-Related Acoustic and Vibration Data from GSFC System Level Acoustic Test.” 17. On, F. J. NASA TM-85089: “Comparative Evaluation of Space Transpiration System (STS)-3 Flight and Acoustic Test Random Vi-bration Response of the OS-1 Pa
25、yload.” NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administra-tion). September 1983. 18. Le, Y. A., W. Henricks, et al. NASA CR-16823: Vibroacoustic Payload Environment Prediction System (VAPEPS). Five volumes. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration). June 1984. 19. On, F. J., M. Lauriente,
26、P. J. Mesore, and N. Hines. “The EnvioNET Vibroacoustic Analysis Package.” Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Dy-namics Environments TIM. Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA. June 6, 195. 20. Kern, D. L., et al. NASA-HDBK-P018: Hand-bok for Dynamic Environmental Criteria. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space
27、Ad-ministration). May 199. 21. Himelblau, H., D. L. Kern, and G. L. Davis. “Development of Casini Acoustic Criteria Us-ing Titan IV Flight Data.” Procedings of the 38th Anual Technical Meting of the Institute of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2. Arlington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 192. 2. Nixon, J. S., a
28、nd L. A. Rousos. NASA-TM-89143: “Acoustic Fatigue: Overview of Activi-ties at NASA Langley.” NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). April 1987. 23. Iyengar, N., and P. K. Dash. “Sources of Vibra-tion and Response Analysis of Flight Vehiclesa Review.” Journal of Aeronautical Society of
29、 India 30, 12 (February-May 1978). 24. Sherf, Z., P. Hopstone, and G. Ostrovski. “Com-parison Betwen Empirical Models of Acoustic Noise and Field Measured Data for Airborne Systems.” Procedings of the 24th Anual Tech-nical Meting of the Institute of Environmental Sciences. Arlington Heights, Ilinois
30、: IEST, 1978. 25. Heaton, P., and J. Czuchna. “Prediction of Dy-namic Environments for Airborne External Stores During Aircraft Straight and Level Flight.” Procedings of the 41st Anual Techni-cal Meting of the Institute of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2. Arlington Heights, Ilinois: IEST, 195. 26. Lag
31、aneli, A. L., R. L. Hinrichsen, and A. H. Burkhard. “Acoustic Prediction Techniques for Environmental Efects on External Stores.” Pro-cedings of the 65th Shock the serv-ice environment includes both the sound fields produced by acoustic sources, such as rocket motors, and the fluctuating presure fie
32、lds produced by aero-dynamic sources, such as turbulent boundary layers; although these two types of presure fields have dif-ferent propagation velocities and spatial corelation characteristics, they are both comonly simulated by reverberant acoustic noise aeronautics systems systems designed to ope
33、rate solely in the Earths at-mosphere, e.g., jet aircraft, helicopters, tactical misiles, etc. aerospace systems systems designed to operate in space as wel as dur-ing launch and posible entry through the Earths atmosphere, e.g., Earth-orbiting satelites, dep space vehicles, and balistic misiles hig
34、h-intensity acoustic test (HIAT) test that simulates an acoustic environment with an overal sound presure level equal or higher than 120 dB in-service environment airborne and structuraly transmited disturbances experienced during the operational life of aeronauti-cal and aerospace systems mision su
35、ces systematic integration of design, reliability, availabil-ity, maintainability, quality, safety, system enginering, test, and human enginering disciplines to ensure that al products and services, including those of supliers, fulfil their intended functions reverberant chamber hard-wal chamber sha
36、ped in such a way that the sound field generated is reverberant reverberant sound field difuse field in which the sound waves travel with equal probabilities in al directions sound presure level (SPL): amplitude of sound waves expresed in logarithmic unit dB; the SPL = 20 log (p/pref) test proces se
37、t of activities that begins in the pre-proposal phase and ends with the delivery of a product that has ben shown to satisfy al of its specifications and design requirements and to be suitable for its intended mis-sion verification proces for systematicaly proving, through a combi-nation of analyses,
38、 tests, demonstrations, and inspections, that a system and al its elements comply with al detailed functional, design, and performance requirements vibroacoustics discipline that studies airborne disturbances and the response of systems to such disturbances 4 PURPOSE The purpose of a high-intensity
39、acoustic test is to develop, verify, and acept aeronautical and aero-space systems to ensure their proper functionality during and after encountering in-service vibro-acoustic environments. 5 BACKGROUND 5.1 General considerations High-level airborne disturbances and structural vibra-tions are produc
40、ed when certain aerospace and aeronautical systems are in operation. This environ-ment has the potential not only to damage the structure of these systems, but also to compromise the performance of system components. This is par-ticularly true for a structure that is lightweight and has large surfac
41、e areas directly exposed to airborne disturbances; components that could be compromised include sensors, electrical and mechanical equipment, solar arays, and external stores caried by misiles and aircraft. 8 Copyrighted material INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY IEST-RP-DTE040.1 De
42、velopmental, qualification, and aceptance tests are often performed to obtain confidence that aero-space and aeronautical systems wil perform sucesfuly in service. When such tests are per-formed, it is recomended that these tests simulate the in-service environment as closely as posible. While it is
43、 known that this environment is not strictly a reverberant sound field, it is usualy simulated as such in a reverberant high-intensity acoustic test chamber.1 It is important to understand the efectivenes of such testing; if the relevance of a test is suspect, the wis-dom of performing the test is a
44、lso suspect. Evidence that HIAT is efective is provided by the fact that systems that have sucesfuly survived HIAT have not had problems with airborne disturbances encoun-tered in service. 5.2 In-service acoustic environment The in-service acoustic environment consists of fluc-tuating presure fields
45、 that vary in a stochastic maner both along and around the system generating them. The variations include changes in magnitude, frequency, and phase. The physical result is a tran-sient combination of local increases in ambient presure and the generation of aerodynamic flow fields acompanied with so
46、und waves. The asociated spectrum is a broad band extending to 10,00 Hz and beyond. The overal presure level can be as high as 165 dB. At this time, there is no database that could be used to precisely define the in-service environment; and, while analytical procedures for defining the in-service en
47、vironment have ben useful, confidence in using these procedures as the sole predictor remains to be acquired. It is true that measurements of the in-service environment have ben made, but such meas-urements are relatively few and exhibit so much scater in frequency/amplitude characteristics that it
48、canot be claimed these measurements quantify the environment even in a statistical sense. However, a definitive database may not be necesary. The in-service measurements that exist, together with certain ground tests that have ben performed (e.g., captive firings), including past analytical investig
49、ations of the physics-of-flight forcing functions, provide insight. This insight apears to be adequate to set rational design and test requirementsrational in the sense that these requirements can be readily acomo-dated. Having sucesfuly acomplished these in-service measurements, it can reasonably be expected that the system wil not be compromised in service. 5.3 Simulation There are curently no test facilities in which the complex in-service environment can be duplicated. If such facilities existed, the question of exactly which characteristics s
