1、IAMSAR Manual INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL Volume I ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT $2003 Amendments -to the 1998, 2002 and 2003 editions IMO , - Sales number: IA965E , ISBN 92-801-41651 IAMSAR Manual INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL Vo
2、lume I ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 2003 Amendments IMO IMO/ICAO London/Montreal, 2003 Published jointly in 2003 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGAIIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom and the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Ca
3、nada H3C 5H7 rhis edition printed in the United Kingdom by International Maritime Organization 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 ISBN 92-801-4165-1 I IMO PUBLICATION I I IMO sales number: IA965E I Copyright 0 IMO/ICAO 2003 A/ rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval s
4、ystem or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization or the International Civil Aviation Organization CHECKLIST OF REPLACEMENT PAGES These pa
5、ges replace existing pages of IAMSAR Manual, Volume I - Organization and Management, 1998 edition (1960E) or 2002 edition (IA960E) as appropriately updated by including the pages of the 2001 Amendments or the 2002 Amendments (1965E) or replace existing pages of the 2003 edition (IB960E) Pages of thi
6、s publication i to vi i to vi 1-3 to 1-5* 1-3 and 1-4 2-1 to 2-IO* 2-1 to 2-10 Replacing these pages of the previous editions, as updated *The 2003 amendments within these pages are highlighted. They will be effective from 1 July 2004. (IAMSAR Manual Volume I: 2003 amendments) IAMSAR Manual INTERNAT
7、IONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL Volume I ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT updated to include 2001, 2002 and 2003 amendments IMO I MO/ICAO London/Montreal, 2003 Published jointly in 2003 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom
8、 and the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 First edition I998 Second edition 2002 Third edition 2003 (updated by 2001, 2002 and 2003 amendments) This edition printed in the United Kingdom by the International Maritime Organization 2 4 6
9、 8 10 Y 7 5 3 ISBN 92-801-41 60-0 IMO sales number: IA96OE Copyright 0 IMO/ICAO 1998 (1st edition) and 2002 (2001 amendments) and 2003 (2002 and 2003 amendments) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any mean
10、s, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization or the International Civil Aviation Organization. Foreword The primary purpose of the three volumes of the International Aeronautical a
11、nd Maritime Search and Rescue Manual (IAMSAR Manual) is to assist States in meeting their own search and rescue (SAR) needs, and the obligations they accepted under the Convention on International Civil Aviation, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue and the International Conven
12、tion for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These volumes provide guidelines for a common aviation and maritime approach to organizing and providing SAR services. States are encouraged to develop and improve their SAR services, co-operate with neighbouring States and to consider their SAR services t
13、o be part of a global system. Each volume of the IAMSAR Manual is written with specific SAR system duties in mind, and can be used as a stand- alone document, or, in conjunction with the other two Manuals, as a means to attain a full view of the SAR system. The Organization and Management volume (vo
14、lume I) discusses the global SAR system concept, establishment and improvement of national and regional SAR systems and co-operation with neighbouring States to provide effective and economical SAR services; The Mission Co-ordination volume (volume il) assists personnel who plan and co-ordinate SAR
15、operations and exercises; and The Mobile Facilities volume (volume ill) is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircraft, and vessels to help with performance of a search, rescue, or on-scene co-ordinator function and with aspects of SAR that pertain to their own emergencies. Organization and
16、 Management Manual Chapter 1 presents an overview of the SAR concept, including what is involved in providing SAR services, and why such services are required and beneficial. The SAR system is examined from a global, regional and national perspective. Chapter 2 introduces some of the key components
17、of the SAR system. These include communications, rescue co- ordination centres and sub-centres, operational and support facilities and the on-scene co-ordinator. Chapter 3 considers the use of training, qualification, and certification processes to develop professionally competent SAR personnel. A n
18、umber of aspects of training and of exercises used for training, are examined in detail. Chapter 4 describes the communications needs of the SAR organization for reception of distress alerts and for supporting effective co-ordination among the various components of the SAR system. Chapter 5 provides
19、 an overall management perspective of the SAR system. Chapter 6 discusses the necessary factors and recommends some techniques for creating an organizational environment that fosters improvement of services. This Manual is published jointly by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the In
20、ternational Maritime Organization. it has been updated from the first and second editions by including the amendments that were adopted by the seventy-fourth session of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee in June 2001 (which entered into force on 1 July 2002), by the seventy-fifth session in May 2002
21、(which entered into force on 1 July 2003) and by the seventy-seventh session in June 2003 (which apply as from 1 July 2004). (IAMSAR Manual Volume I: 2003 amendments) iii Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms . vi Glossary . ix 1.1 Establishing Services . . 1-1 1.2 Benefits of Services 1-1 1.3 Legal B
22、asis for Services 1 -2 1.4 Basic System Functions 1 -2 1.5 System Management and Support 1-2 1.6 The Global Concept 1-3 Chapter 1 General System Concept 1.7 National and Regional Systems . 1 -4 1.8 1 -4 SAR and the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols . Chapter 2 System Components
23、2.1 SAR as a System 2.2 Communications 2.3 Rescue Co-ordination Centres 2.4 Rescue Sub-centres . 2.5 SAR Facilities . 2.6 On-scene Co-ordinator and Aircraft Co-ordinator 2.7 Support Fac es Chapter 3 Training, Qualification, Certification and Exercises 3.1 Building Professionalism . 3.2 Training Spec
24、ifics . 3.3 Exercises Chapter 4 Communications 4.1 Introduction . 4.2 Basic Functions and Requirements 4.3 Important Factors for SAR Communications 4.4 Mobile Equipment . 4.6 Supplemental Capabilities 4.5 Land-Based Infrastructure . 4.7 MEDICO Communications . Chapter 5 System Management 5.1 Underst
25、anding the SAR System 5-1 5.2 Planning Processes . 5-2 5.3 Organization 5-4 v . (IAMSAR Manual Volume I: 2003 amendments) 4-1 4- 1 4-2 4-4 4-5 4-8 4-9 2-1 2-1 2 -3 2-7 2 -8 2-9 2-9 3-1 3 -2 3-5 Contents 5.4 Resources 5.5 Leadership and Operations 5.6 System Assessment 5.7 Dealing with the Media . Ch
26、apter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Appendix A Improving Services Managing for Success Reducing System Problems Co-operating to Improve Services . Reducing Response Time . Research and Development . Other Factors Sample Legislation Establishing a SAR Organization Appendix B Supply Colour Coding and Pict
27、ograms Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix C Appendix H Appendix I Appendix J index Sources for SAR Assistance Information Sources False Alerts Alerting and Locating Capability Preferences for New Mobile Satellite Systems Used for Distress Alerting; Search and Rescue and Disaster Su
28、pport Capabilities Matrix for Commercial Mobile Satellite Services (CMSS) in the Post-Alerting Phase Mobile Communication Services National Self-Assessment on Search and Rescue SAR Agreements Sample Terms of Reference for a CAR Co-ordinating Committee 5-8 5-1 1 5-1 1 5-1 3 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-4 6-6 6-6 vi
29、 (IAMSAR Manual Volume I: 2003 amendments) Chapter i - General System Concept 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.5.7 1.5.8 1.5.9 1.5.1 O 1.5.1 1 1.5.1 2 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 States can assign SAR responsibilities as they choose. For illustration, some States assign SCs from departments or ministries responsible for mar
30、itime or aeronautical safety or for implementation of the Conventions of IMO or ICAO. Alternatives may include assigning the Minister of Transport who often has overall responsibility for both aeronautical and maritime safety or assigning SCs for each of these areas. When States Co-operate to form a
31、 regional SAR system, each State may wish to assign an SC to oversee its portion of the system. States with several organizations involved in providing SAR services may have several entities doing what could be referred to as SC functions. SCs seldom control all of the resources available for SAR op
32、erations. Therefore, they may arrange agreements with military and other agencies or organizations for use of resources. Close co-operation between various civilian and military organizations is essential. One way to handle this is through National SAR Co-ordinating Committees which is further discu
33、ssed in chapter 6. Resources will be needed to gather performance data and review, analyze and recommend improvements in the SAR system and its operation. But even before a new system is started, a needs and capabilities analysis should be conducted. Chapters 5 and 6 will help with these efforts. Co
34、mmitments of various agencies and States to support the SAR system are often documented in a variety of plans, agreements, memoranda of understanding, etc., which evolve over time in a hierarchical fashion at the local, national and regional levels. Such instruments are discussed in detail in variou
35、s other places in this Manual. Great care should be exercised in drafting such documents, so that they support SAR rather than unrelated concerns and remain consistent with higher level instruments and with international law. Almost every State can satisfy its SAR needs cost-effectively by using all
36、 available resources, not just dedicated or specially designated resources; typical sources are discussed in chapter 2. Government, industry and general population sources tend to desire to support the SAR organization, but SAR managers need to take the initiative to make arrangements for them to do
37、 so. With a few exceptions, SAR resources are multi-mission facilities, that is, they perform CAR functions in addition to other missions. Advanced planning, training, and some specialized equipment can often economically improve the quality of SAR services performed by alternative existing resource
38、s. This may reduce or eliminate the need for specially designated SAR units (SRUs) for some States. When necessary, a rescue Co-ordination centre (RCC) with an associated search and rescue region (SRR), and perhaps a rescue sub-centre (RSC) with one or more associated search and rescue sub-regions (
39、SRSs), should be established. All RCCs and RSCs must satisfy certain minimum requirements. Provision of these and other facilities for CAR is discussed further in chapter 2. The general levels and functions of the SAR system are shown in Figure 1-1. I General levels I General Functions I SAR Co-ordi
40、nation I Management I SAR Mission Co-ordination I Mission Planning I On-scene Co-ordination I Operational Oversight Figure 1-1 - Co-ordination structure The Global Concept Understanding national SAR efforts as an integral part of a world-wide SAR system affects the overall approach a State will take
41、 to establish, provide and improve SAR services. Briefly, the goal of ICAO and IMO is to provide an effective world-wide system, so that wherever people sail or fly, SAR services will be available if needed. In most areas of the world, the fastest, most effective and practical way to achieve this go
42、al is to develop regional systems associated with each ocean area and continent. This differs from the approach whereby every State independently establishes a complete stand-alone SAR system with geographic areas of responsibility acceptable to their neighbouring States, the collection of which wil
43、l comprise the global (IAMSAR Manual Volume I: 2003 amendments) 1-3 Chapter 7 - General System Concept 1.6.3 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8 1.8.1 system. However, the regional approach does require the States associated with an ocean or land area to collaborate and Co-operate to develop and operate
44、 the regional system. A basic, practical, and humanitarian characteristic of the global aspect of SAR is that it eliminates the need for each State to provide SAR services for its own citizens wherever they travel world-wide. Instead, the globe is divided into SRRs, each with associated SAR services
45、 which assist anyone in distress within the SRR without regard to nationality or circumstances. National and Regional Systems SAR systems can be established on a national or regional level, or both. Either way, the process involves establishment of one or more SRRs, along with capabilities to receiv
46、e alerts, and to Co-ordinate and conduct SAR services within each SRR via an RCC. Each SRR needs an RCC, but each State does not necessarily need an SRR if one RCC can be supported by and serve more thari one State. This is especially true in ocean areas. In such cases, each State may establish an R
47、SC. Chapter 2 will further discuss the establishment of SRRs. A regional approach can reduce cost and improve distribution of distress alerts, coverage and services. For example, it is usually less operationally complex, and more economical and effective, for States within a region to share the use
48、and support of long-range terrestrial and satellite communications facilities and communications registration databases to support SAR. States can sometimes support each other with SRUs to reduce the total number of units needed for adequate coverage and readiness. Training and other types of resour
49、ces can be shared to everyones benefit. Nevertheless, participation in a regional system may not be the best approach for every State. Establishment of national or regional SAR systems is typically based on development of multilateral national or regional plans, agreements, etc. (further discussed in other portions of this volume), to suit the desires and needs of the States involved. These documents may discuss establishment of RSCs, equivalent arrangements in lieu of establishing SRRs, etc., but usually provide for: - effective use of all available resources for SAR; - delineation of
