1、MODEL COURSE a 0 a PROFICIENCY IN PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES International Maritime Organization Model Course 1.19 Proficiency in Personal Survival Techniques First published in 1988 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITI ME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Revised edition 2000 Printed in the
2、 United Kingdom by CPC The Printers, Portsmouth 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 ISBN 92-801-61 19-9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Norwegian Maritime Directorate for its valuable assistance and co-operation. Copyright 0 IMO 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publica
3、tion may, for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization. CONTENTS Page Forewor
4、d In trod uct ion Part A: Course Framework Part B: Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus Part D: Instructor Manual Course Outline and Timetable v 1 4 7 11 23 Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses iii Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has reco
5、gnized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional le
6、vels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983. Following the earlier adoption of th
7、e International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of informa
8、tion and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing
9、courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the i
10、nstruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses
11、 in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway. These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available. W. A. ONEIL S
12、ecretary-General Previous page is blank V Introduction Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training
13、 material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audiovisual o
14、r “programmed” material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cul
15、tural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content an
16、d levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry stan
17、dards specified in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry l
18、evel and that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowle
19、dge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic
20、knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course. Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ
21、 from the course objectives specified in the model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fu
22、lly met all the entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and mayneed to reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective. 1 PROFICIENCY IN PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES H Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit
23、the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course. An example of a lesson plan is shown in
24、 the instructor manual on page 27. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material
25、. H Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied, by testing and evaluating the trainees performance and achievements, that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective or training outcome. The syllabus is
26、 laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies a reguiredperfomance or, what the trainee must be able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the
27、 STCW Code. H Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: a properly qualified instructors support staff a rooms and other spaces a equipment textbooks, technical papers a other reference material. Thorough pr
28、eparation is the key to success.JI implementation of the course. IMO has produced a booklet entitled “Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses”, which deals with this aspect in greater detail. H Training and the STCW 1995 Convention The standards of competence that have to be met by seafa
29、rers are defined in Part A of the STCW Code in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Convention, as amended in 1995. This IMO model course has been revised and updated to cover the competences in STCW 1995. It sets out the education and training to achieve those sta
30、ndards set out in Chapter VI, Table A-VI/I-I of the STCW Code. Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the suggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references and textbooks is also included. 2 INTRODUCTION Part B
31、provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the course. A suggested timetable is included, but from the teaching and learning point of view, it is more important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in the STCW Code than that a strict timetable i
32、s followed. Depending on their experience and ability, some students will naturally take longer to become proficient in some topics than in others. Also included in this section are guidance notes and additional explanations. A separate IMO model course addresses Assessment of Competence. This cours
33、e explains the use of various methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for evaluating competence as tabulated in the STCW Code. Part C gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical knowledge specified in the STCW Code. It is written as a series of lear
34、ning objectives, in other words what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a result of the teaching and training. Each of the objectives is expanded to define a required performance of knowledge, understanding and proficiency. IMO references, textbook references and suggested teaching aids are
35、 included to assist the teacher in designing lessons. The new training requirements for these competences are addressed in the appropriate parts of the detailed teaching syllabus. The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW Code. Mandatory provisions concernin
36、g Training and Assessment are given in Section A46 of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qualification of instructors; supervisors as assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within an institution. The corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains no
37、n-mandatory guidance on training and assessment. The criteria for evaluating competence in Table A-VIII-1 of the STCW Code are to be used in the assessment of the competences listed in the table. As previously mentioned, a separate model course addresses Assessment of Competence and use of the crite
38、ria for evaluating competence tabulated in the STCW Code. Responsibilities of Administrations Administrations should ensure that training courses delivered by colleges and academies are such as to ensure those completing training do meet the standards of competence. Validation The information contai
39、ned in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisors, consultants and experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards implemented may be as uniform as possible. Validation in the con
40、text of this document means that the Sub-Committee has found no grounds to object to its content. The Sub-Committee has not granted its approval to the documents, as it considers that this work must not be regarded as an official interpretation of the Convention. In reaching a decision in this regar
41、d, the Sub-Committee was guided by the advice of a Validation Group comprised of representatives designated by ILO and IMO. 3 PROFICIENCY IN PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES Part A: Course Framework H Aims This model course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for seafarers for familiarizatio
42、n, basic safety training and instruction in accordance with Section A-VI11 of STCW Code. H Objective This syllabus covers the requirements of the 1995 STCW Convention and Code Chapter VI, Section A-VI11. On meeting the minimum standard of competence in personal survival techniques, a trainee will be
43、 able to survive at sea in the event of ship abandonment. The trainee will be able to: a a a a a a a a a don a lifejacket don and use an immersion suit safely jump from a height into the water right an inverted liferaft while wearing a lifejacket swim while wearing a lifejacket keep afloat without a
44、 lifejacket board a survival craft from ship and water while wearing a lifejacket take initial actions on boarding survival craft to enhance chance of survival stream a drogue or sea-anchor operate survival craft equipment operate location devices, including radio equipment. Entry standards This cou
45、rse is principally intended as basic training for seafarers employed or engaged in any capacity on board ship as part of the ships complement with designated safety duties in operation of the ship. There are no particular educational requirements. All trainees must be certified by a doctor to be in
46、good health. W Course certificate or document On successful completion of the course and demonstration of competence, a document may be issued certifying that the holder has met the standard of competence specified in Table A- VI11-1 of STCW 1995. A certificate may be issued only by centres approved
47、 by the Administration. H Course intake limitations The maximum number of trainees attending each session will depend on the availability of instructors, equipment and facilities available for conducting the training. The number should not, at any time, exceed that which will allow sufficient opport
48、unity for each trainee to have adequate practical instruction in procedures for the proper use of systems and equipment. W Staff requirements The instructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and training methods (STCW Code, Section A-116, para 7). 4 PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK
49、 Training facilities and equipment Ordinary classroom facilities and an overhead projector are required for the lecturers. In addition, a demonstration table measuring 3 m by 1 m would be an advantage. When making use of audiovisual material such as videos or slides, make sure the appropriate equipment is available. The practical lessons require access to water, i.e. a swimming pool, a lake or the sea. The following items of equipment are required: 36 lifejackets 5 inflatable lifejackets 2 lifebuoys 1 rigid liferaft 2 twenty-person inflatable liferafts for wet drills 1 SART operating on 9
