1、FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING MODEL COURSE a 20 International Maritime Organization Model Course 1.20 Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting I M-0 First published in 1988 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment; London SE1 7SR Second edition 1991 Revised edition 2000 Printed in
2、 the United Kingdom by CPC The Printers, Portsmouth 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 ISBN 92-801 -5081 -2 I IMO PUBLICATION Sales number: T120E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Government of India for its valuable assistance and co-operation in the development of this course.
3、 Copyright 0 IMO 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing f
4、rom the International Maritime Organization. Contents Foreword Introduction Part A: Course Framework Part B: Course Outline and Timetable Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus Introduction Competence 1 : Minimize the risk of fire Concept and application of the fire triangle to fire and explosion Types
5、and sources of ignition Flammable materials commonly found on board Need for constant vigilance Fire hazards Competence 2: Maintain a state of readiness to respond to emergency situations involving fires Organization of shipboard fire fighting Location of fire-fighting appliances and emergency escap
6、e routes Fire spread in different parts of a ship Fire and smoke detection measures on ships and automatic Classification of fires and applicable extinguishing agents Competence 3: Fight and extinguish fires Selection of fire-fighting appliances and equipment Precautions for and use of fixed install
7、ations Use of breathing apparatus for fighting fires Use of breathing apparatus for effecting rescues alarm systems Part D: Instructor Manual Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses Page V 1 4 8 12 32 iii Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization ha
8、s recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regio
9、nal levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983. Following the earlier adoption
10、 of the international Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of i
11、nformation and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their exi
12、sting courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement
13、 the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model c
14、ourses in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway. These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available . W. A.
15、ONEIL Secre tary-General Previous page is blank V INTRODUCTION Introduction Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplement
16、ing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package“ which they are expected to “follow blindly“. Nor is it the intention to sub
17、stitute audiovisual or “programmed“ material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educationa
18、l systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and the skill necessary to
19、 meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The
20、 actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer
21、 should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they
22、 may not have acquired. By analyzing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical
23、training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course. Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the
24、 model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all the entry requirements of the co
25、urse. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective. 1 FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING H Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course obj
26、ectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed for the course. An example of a lesson plan is shown in the instructor manual on page 36. Where no adjustment has been
27、 found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material. Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies m
28、ust be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied, by testing and evaluating the trainees performance and achievements, that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective or training outcome. The syllabus is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifi
29、es a requiredperformance or, what the trainee must be able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW Code. H Implementation For the course to run smoothly and
30、to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: 0 properly qualified instructors 0 support staff 0 rooms and other spaces 0 equipment 0 textbooks, technical papers 0 other reference material. Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the cou
31、rse. IMO has produced a booklet entitled “Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses“, which deals with this aspect in greater detail. Training and the STCW 1995 Convention The standards of competence that have to be met by seafarers are defined in Part A of the STCW Code in the Standards o
32、f Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Convention, as amended in 1995. This IMO model course has been revised and updated to cover the competences in STCW 1995. It sets out the education and training to achieve those standards set out in Chapter VI Table A-VIA-2. Part A provides th
33、e framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the suggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references and textbooks is also included. 2 INTRODUCTION Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the course. A s
34、uggested timetable is included but from the teaching and learning point of view, it is more important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in the STCW Code than that a strict timetable is followed. Depending on their experience and ability, some students will naturall
35、y take longer to become proficient in some topics than in others. Also included in this section are guidance notes and additional explanations. A separate IMO model course addresses Assessment of Competence. This course explains the use of various methods for demonstrating competence and criteria fo
36、r evaluating competence as tabulated in the STCW Code. Part C gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical knowledge specified in the STCW Code. It is written as a series of learning objectives, in other words what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a
37、 result of the teaching and training. Each of the objectives is expanded to define a required performance of knowledge, understanding and proficiency. IMO references, textbook references and suggested teaching aids are included to assist the teacher in designing lessons. The new training requirement
38、s for these competences are addressed in the appropriate parts of the detailed teaching syllabus. Part D gives guidance notes and additional explanations. The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW Code. Mandatory provisions concerning Training and Assessment
39、 are given in Section A-1/6 of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qualification of instructors; supervisors as assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within an institution. The corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance on
40、 training and assessment. As previously mentioned a separate model course addresses Assessment of Competence and use of the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in the STCW Code. Responsibilities of Administrations Administrations should ensure that training courses delivered by colleges and
41、 academies are such as to ensure officers completing training do meet the standards of competence required by STCW Regulation VIA. Validation The information contained in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisors, co
42、nsultants and experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards implemented may be as uniform as possible. Validation in the context of this document means that the Sub-Committee has found no grounds to object to its content. The Sub-Committee has not granted its
43、authority to the documents, as it considers that this work must not be regarded as an official interpretation of the Convention. In reaching a decision in this regard, the Sub-Committee was guided by the advice of a Validation Group comprised of representatives designated by ILO and IMO. 3 FIRE PREV
44、ENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING Part A: Course Framework Aims This model course aims to provide the training for candidates in fire prevention and fighting in accordance with Section A-VM of the STCW Code. Objective This syllabus covers the requirements of the 1995 STCW Convention Chapter VI, Section A- VI
45、A, paragraph 2 and Table A-VIA -2. On meeting the minimum standard of competence in fire prevention and fire fighting, a trainee will be competent to take appropriate measures for the safety of personnel and of the ship and to use fire appliances correctly. The trainee will also have a knowledge of
46、fire prevention. Entry standards The course is open to all seafarers and prospective seafarers and should be completed prior to employment on a sea-going ship. All trainees must be certified by a doctor to be in good health. Course certificate On successful completion of the course and demonstration
47、 of competence, a document may be issued certifying that the holder has met the standard of competence specified in Table A- VIA -2 of STCW 1995. A certificate may be issued only by centres approved by the Administration. Course intake limitations The maximum number of trainees attending each sessio
48、n will depend on the availability of instructors, equipment and facilities available for conducting the training. Any practical training should be undertaken in small groups of not more than six trainees per instructor. Staff requirements The instructor shall have appropriate training in instruction
49、al techniques and training methods (STCW Code A-1/6, pa.7). In addition, all training and instruction should be given by qualified personnel; the senior instructor, having considerable experience in fire safety and fire-fighting techniques, should have a good knowledge of ships, including stability considerations. All assistant instructors should have practical knowledge of fire fighting and should be familiar with ships. During any practical training one instructor must be in charge of each group. Staff may be recruited from the local fire brigade. Training facilities and equipment Ordin
