1、MODEL COURSE r 7 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION AUTO M ATlC IDENTIFICATIO; SYSTIYS 4 L1 I - A L MODEL COURSE 1.34 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS 2006 Edition INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION London, 2006 First published in 2006 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment
2、, London SE1 7SR Printed in the United Kingdom by Ashford Press 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 IMO PUBLICATION Sales number: T134E ISBN-13 978-92-801-4227-3 ISBN-10 92-801-4227-5 Acknowledgements The Organization would like to thank: the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Au
3、thorities (IALA) for permission to reproduce the illustration used in figure 1 ; Videotel Ltd. for permission to reproduce the illustrations used in figures 2 and 3. Copyright 0 IMO 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted i
4、n any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization. Foreword Since its inception, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the high
5、est priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior pers
6、onnel in administrations, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the world Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983. Following the adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, a
7、number of IMO Member Governments suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also s
8、ubsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their implementation of associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it
9、 was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to imp
10、rove their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. With the generous assistance of the Government of Norway, IMO developed model courses in response to these generally identified needs and now keeps them updated through a regular revision process, taking into account any amendments to th
11、e requirements prescribed in IMO instruments and any technological developments in the field. These model courses may be used by any training institution and, when the requisite financing is available, the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course. E. E. MITR
12、OPOULOS Secretary General iii Contents Introduction Part A: Course framework Part B: Course outline and timetable Part C: Detailed teaching syllabus Part D: Instructor manual Guidance on specific subject areas 1 AIS concepts 2 AIS data 3 AIS ship installations 4 Use of AIS at sea 5 Training and fami
13、liarization Guidance on simulator exercises Annex I Familiarization training: note for manufacturers Annex II Resolution A.917(22), as amended by resolution A.956(23): Guidelines for the on-board operational use of shipborne automatic identification systems (AIS) Annex 1 Description of AIS Annex 2 T
14、echnical description Annex 111 Resolution A.956(23): Amendments to the guidelines for the on-board operational use of shipborne automatic identification systems (AS) (Resolution A.917(22) Guidance on the Implementation of Model Courses Previous page is blank Page 1 4 8 10 15 18 27 33 37 58 60 64 67
15、77 79 80 81 V - INTRODUCTION Introduction U Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material wh
16、ere the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or “programm
17、ed” material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructors are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cultural back
18、grounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels o
19、f knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. U Automatic Identification Systems The Organization has mandated in SOLAS Chapter V the carriage of equipment meeting the requirements of the Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification Syst
20、em (AIS) on all larger ships (as defined in Section 3.1 of this model course) to enhance the safety of life at sea, the safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environment. It does this by identifying vessels and other collaborative targets, assisting in target tracking, aiding situati
21、onal awareness (and thereby collision avoidance), and in simplifying the exchange of safety and security-related information between ships and between ships and the shore. The on-board AIS equipment takes inputs from the ships navigational sensors and, together with information concerning the ship a
22、nd its voyage, transmits to surrounding vessels and shore stations. It also receives information from other vessels, shore stations and AIS-fitted aids-to-navigation. The received data is displayed on the ship as alpha-numeric lists on a dedicated display, optionally assisted by showing graphically
23、the position, heading, course and speed of targets. Ideally, AIS targets are displayed on a radar screen or on ECDIS (that can also display radar tracked targets). All radars fitted from 1 July 2008 must be able to display AIS data in this way. Shore stations use the data for Vessel Traffic Services
24、 (VTS) and for national vessel monitoring purposes, including security enhancement. The data is normally displayed with radar at these stations. The on-board operator has to input accurate information concerning own-ship, some of which is voyage dependent, and hence needs to be kept updated. In conj
25、unction with other navigational information, knowledgeable interpretation of the received data can greatly 1 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS enhance situational awareness, but AIS is a complex communicationshavigation sub-system that is self-evident neither in concept nor in use. Because of this it
26、 is important that an officer in charge of a navigational watch (OOW) on a vessel carrying AIS is well trained in its use. Courses based on this model course may be stand-alone and as such will be useful for updating existing watch keeping staff. For seafarers who are training to become an OOW it is
27、 good practice to ensure an appropriate level of integration between this model course and Model Course 1.07 (Radar navigation, radar plotting and use of ARPA) and Model Course 7.03 (Officer in charge of a navigational watch). Training colleges undertaking such a course will need a simple AIS simula
28、tor and a radar target tracker (ARPA) simulator with AIS display capabilities. System requirements are discussed under “Teaching facilities and equipment” in Part A of this model course. A detailed discussion on simulator exercises is given in the final section of Part D. w Use of the model course T
29、o use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in Part A Course Framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and the prior technical education of the trainees should be
30、 kept in mind during this review. Also, any areas within the detailed syllabus, which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer, should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to
31、either delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. The instructor should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the aca
32、demic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical
33、 course. Adjustment of the course objective, scope and content may also be necessary if the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the
34、 time which should be allotted to each area of learning. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are only suggestions and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate t
35、he time required to achieve each specific learning objective or training outcome. Lesson planning Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus
36、contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed 2 INTRODUCTION to be used in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other r
37、eminders added to assist the instructor in preparing the presentation of the material. Meeting the required performance The instructor must be satisfied that the trainee has attained each specific learning or training objective. In order to achieve these objectives, it may be necessary for the instr
38、uctor to repeat the presentation of concepts and methodologies in varying ways. The syllabus is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies a required performance or what the trainee must be able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim
39、 to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW Code. a Course implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: 0 properly qualified instructors support staff 0
40、 rooms and other spaces 0 equipment 0 suggested references, textbooks, technical papers and other reference material. Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. The IMO booklet entitled Guidance on the implementation of /MO model courses, which deals with this aspect
41、 in greater detail, is included in this course. Familiarization training In order to facilitate on-board familiarization training Annex I of this course gives recommendations to manufacturers and companies on the information that should be included within the training. 3 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYS
42、TEMS Part A: Course framework Aims This course provides information on the generic use of AIS. It is designed for officers in charge of a navigational watch (OOW) on ships that are fitted with such equipment. Its main aims are to increase safety and security and to protect the environment. It does t
43、his by giving instruction on the understanding and safe use of such systems, including illustrations of dangerous or improper use. Successful completion of the course enables trainees to acquaint themselves knowledgeably with specific AIS equipment fitted on a ship (familiarization), prior to using
44、the equipment in a safe and beneficial manner at sea. The course takes into account all relevant IMO resolutions and guidelines on AIS available at the time the model course was prepared, including AIS requirements on new radar and navigational displays, mandated by the Maritime Safety Committee to
45、come into force on 1 July 2008. It also takes into account the relevant sections of the revised SOLAS Chapter V which came into force on 1 July 2002. Where appropriate, it also takes note of common implementation practice, as influenced by Administrations, international standards bodies and manufact
46、urers. Course objectives Trainees successfully completing this course and meeting the required performance standards, will be able to: 0 0 0 0 0 Understand the objectives of AIS. Understand how AIS works as a system. Understand the benefits and limitations of the system. Understand the decision maki
47、ng process that needs to be applied in using such systems. Demonstrate competency in entering and checking ships AIS data. Demonstrate competency in the use of AIS as an additional navigational tool to aid situational awareness and collision avoidance. Demonstrate competence in sending and respondin
48、g to safety and security-related messages. Rapidly familiarize themselves with a particular AIS implementation on a ship, prior to use at sea. 0 0 Entry standards The course is designated both for candidates for certification as officers in charge of a navigational watch and for experienced nautical
49、 officers and other persons with responsible duties in navigation work, such as pilots. 4 PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK Those wishing to enter this course should have had training and experience in the use of radar and ARPA and be fully conversant with the Collision Regulations. Course certificate, diploma or document Every master, chief mate and officer in charge of a navigational watch should have completed a course conforming to this model. On successful completion of the course and assessments, a document may be issued certifying that the holder has successfully completed a course of tra
