1、MODELCOURSESales number: T136EISBN 978-92-801-1484-39 789280 114843MODEL COURSE 1.36 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATORIMO T136EINTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATIONLIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKERCARGO AND BALLASTHANDLINGSIMULATOR2007 Edition8706_8600 1.36 English
2、 COVER - NEW 6mm Spine Grey(3):7822 French 12/7/07 10:16 Page 1INTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATIONLondon, 2007MODEL COURSE 1.36Liquefi ed natural gas (LNG) tanker cargo and ballast handling simulator2007 EditionPublished byINTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SRFirst edi
3、tion: 2007Printed in the United Kingdom by Ashford Press2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1ISBN 978-92-801-1484-3IMO PUBLICATIONSales number: T136EACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis course is based on training guidelines as produced by SIGTTO. The training material was initially developed by the Directorate General of Shipping,
4、 Government of India.Comprehensive review and enhancement were made incorporating Government of Malaysias input on Course Framework, Course Outline, Detailed Teaching Syllabus and Exercises.IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Governments of India and Malaysia for their provision of
5、 expert assistance, valuable cooperation, and generous funding in support of this work.Copyright IMO 2007All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the Internatio
6、nal Maritime Organization.iiiForewordSince its inception, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime traini
7、ng capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administrations, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institu
8、tes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malm, Sweden, in 1983.Following the adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certifi cation and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments suggested that IMO should develop model training
9、courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing
10、countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their implementation of associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions.In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fi elds
11、 of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fi elds. With the generous
12、assistance of the Government of Norway, IMO developed model courses in response to these generally identifi ed needs and now keeps them updated through a regular revision process, taking into account any amendments to the requirements prescribed in IMO instruments and any technological developments
13、in the fi eld.These model courses may be used by any training institution and, when the requisite fi nancing is available, the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course.E. E. MITROPOULOSSecretary GeneralvContentsPageIntroduction 1Part A: Course Framework 3Par
14、t B: Course Outline and Timetable 8Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus 11Part D: Instructor Manual 23Part E: Evaluation 30AppendicesA Typical LNG Liquid Cargo and Ballast Handling Simulator Installation 35B Typical LNG Tankers (with Membrane or Moss Containment System) Layout 39C Typical Simulator Sn
15、apshots 43D Sample Exercise Scenarios 57Exercise 1 61Exercise 2 63Exercise 3A, 3B, 3C 65-70Exercise 4A, 4B 71-74Exercise 5 75Exercise 6 77Exercise 7 79Exercise 8 81Exercise 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D 83-90Guidance on the Implementation of Model Courses 911Introduction Purpose of the model coursesThe purpose of
16、the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved.It is
17、not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or “programmed” material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge,
18、skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material.Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the mod
19、el course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related
20、 recommendations. Use of the model courseTo use the model course the instructor should review the course outline and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specifi ed in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior techni
21、cal education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause diffi culties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identifi ed. To compensate for such differ
22、ences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired.By analysing the detailed syl
23、labus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points wit
24、hin the technical course.Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the objectives specifi ed.Within the Course Outline (Part B), the course designers have indi
25、cated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each subject area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all the entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and ma
26、y need to reallocate the time required to achieve each specifi c learning objective.LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATOR2 Lesson plansHaving adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw
27、 up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specifi c references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course. An example of a lesson plan is included in the instructor manual in most model courses, but in this course, the exercise scena
28、rios supplied as an appendix to the instructor manual serve this purpose. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in
29、making his presentation of the material. PresentationThe presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfi ed that the trainee has attained each specifi c learning objective. The syllabus is laid out in learning-objective format and each obje
30、ctive specifi es what the trainee must be able to do as the learning outcome. Evaluation or assessment of trainee progressThe nature of this course involves all the trainees and the instructors in an ongoing process of individual and group evaluation. ImplementationFor the course to run smoothly and
31、 to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: Properly qualifi ed instructors with LNG experience Technical and non-technical support staff Liquefi ed Natural Gas (LNG) Tanker Liquid Cargo and Ballast Handling Simulator Relevant textbooks, technical papers and
32、 Other latest reference materials (ideally from LNG ship operators and makers)Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has produced a booklet entitled “Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses”, which deals with this aspect in greater detail. A copy
33、of this booklet is included as an appendix to this course.3PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORKPart A: Course Framework ScopeThe course is essentially a practical one and consists of a series of exercises structured around the operation of the cargo and ballast installation of an LNG tanker and carried out in c
34、onjunction with a simulator.The exercises are controlled by an instructor and will initially allow the trainees to become familiar with the layout of the cargo, ballast and deck tanks forming the system and the instrumentation and controls that are used.The exercises continue with the simulation of
35、the normal procedures and operations for the: Ballast Operations (adjusting Draught, List, Stability, Trim), LNG Operations Sequence: Overview (Yard to Drydock), Final Inspection, Cargo Tanks Drying and *Filling Insulation Spaces, Inerting (Post Delivery and/or Docking), Purging/Gassing up, Cool-dow
36、n (Cargo Tanks) and Loading (and commencing *Cofferdam Heating), Loaded Passage Operation, Cool-down (Line) and Discharging, Ballast Passage Operation, Warming up, Inerting (Pre-Docking), Gas Freeing, *Evacuating (creating vacuum) Insulation Spaces.* These operations are only carried out on board me
37、mbrane type LNG carriers.Each simulator exercise is preceded by a briefi ng lecture. Upon completion of each exercise the debriefi ng session is conducted during which the actions and decisions of trainees are analysed in their process to achieve a particular exercises training.Note: Offi cers and r
38、atings who are to serve aboard gas tankers are required by paragraphs 1 and 2 of Regulation V/1 of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certifi cation and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (as amended in 1995) to have appropriate experience aboard operational gas tankers and to have
39、 completed approved shore-based specialized training related to gas tanker operations. LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATOR4It is not claimed that this course, using simulation of LNG tanker cargo and ballast operations, meets the requirements of paragraph 5 of Reg
40、ulation V/1 of STCW 1995 in respect of service aboard ship and shore-based training. ObjectiveThe trainees who successfully complete the course will make a safer and more effective contribution to the operation and control of the cargo and ballast installation of an LNG tanker, which will improve sh
41、ip safety and provide greater protection of the environment.Generally, there will be: familiarization with the equipment, instrumentation and controls used for cargo handling onboard an LNG tanker a greater awareness of the need for proper pre-planning, the use of checklists and the time scales invo
42、lved in the various LNG cargo and/or ballast handling operations an enhanced awareness to apply proper and safe procedures at all times when carrying out the various operations on board an LNG tanker an acquisition of experience in identifying typical cargo and/or ballast related operational problem
43、s (and solving them) on board an LNG tanker an improvement in the ability to make decisions which promote safety and protect the environment. Entry standardsEntry to the course is open to those already holding relevant cargo endorsements (STCW Reg. V/1-2) who wish to improve their knowledge and unde
44、rstanding of the operation and control of cargo and ballast operations, and other related operations on LNG tankers. The course is not restricted to those certifi ed under STCW Reg. II and III. Irrespective of the tanker endorsement criteria applied by different fl ag States, the candidates are expe
45、cted to have undertaken relevant specialized tanker training courses. Course certifi cate, diploma or documentOn successful completion of this course, a document should be issued confi rming that the holder has completed a short course on an LNG tanker cargo and ballast handling using a simulator. A
46、dministrations which approve such training as satisfying any part of the requirements of Regulation V/1 of STCW 1978 (as amended in 1995) should make an appropriate endorsement to the document. Course intake limitationsThe course intake is regulated by the number of trainees who can utilize the simu
47、lator for any given activity.5PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORKFor maximum interaction between instructors and trainees and effi cient training as a whole the maximum number of trainees should normally be twelve (12). When circumstances demand it, the trainees can be split into two sub-groups of up to six in
48、 each group and activities be phased so that all students can receive the same period of training on the simulator.The briefi ng and debriefi ng sessions can be carried out as main group or sub-group activities, according to circumstances. Staff requirementsThe instructor shall have appropriate trai
49、ning in instructional techniques and training methods (STCW Code, section A-I/6). It is recommended that the instructor in charge of the course should hold a management level certifi cate of competency, and should have experience in the operation and control of cargo-handling operations of an LNG tanker, with training and use of a simulator as a training aid.To operate the course successfully, at least one other instructor is required, preferably with similar qualifi cations and experience as the instructor-in-charge. T
