1、MODEL COURSE RADAR NAVIGATION, RADAR PLOTTING AND USE OF ARPA 1999 Edition MODEL COURSE 1 .O7 Radar Navigation at the Operational level RADAR NAVIGATION, RADAR PLOTTING AND USE OF ARPA 1999 Edition INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION London, 1999 First published in 1991 by the I N TE RN AT I O N AL
2、MAR I TI M E ORGAN I ZAT I ON 4 Albert Embankment, London SEI 7SR Revised edition 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom by Ashford Overload Services 4 6 8 -10 9 7 5 3 IMO PUBLICATION i Sales number: TA107E ISBN 92-801 -61 10-5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Norwe
3、gian Maritime Directorate for its valuable assistance and co-operation. Copyright O IMO 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying
4、 or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization CONTENTS Foreword V Introduction 1 Part AI : Aims Objective Entry standards Course certificate, diploma or document Course intake limitations Staff requirements Teaching facilities and equipment Teaching
5、aids IMO references Textbooks Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting - Course Framework 5 Part BI: Course Outline and Timetable Course outline Course timetable Part CI : Introduction 1 Describe the basic theory and operation of a marine radar system 2 Set up and operate radar in accordance with manufac
6、turers instructions 3 Perform manual radar plotting 4 Use radar to ensure safe navigation 5 Use radar for avoid collisions or close encounters Detailed Teaching Syllabus 8 12 Part DI : Instructor Manual - Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting 21 Introduction Exercises Case studies Example of lesson pl
7、an Part A2: Aims Objectives Entry standards Course certificate, diploma or document Course intake limitations Staff requirements Teaching facilities and equipment Teaching aids, IMO references and textbooks Use of ARPA - Course Framework 24 111 Part B2: Course Outline and Timetable Course outline Co
8、urse timetable Part C2: Detailed Teaching Syllabus Introduction 6 Describe an ARPA system 7 Operate an ARPA system Part D2: Instructor Manual - Use of ARPA Genera I Lectures Sim u la tor exercises Preparing uric! cenductiny sirnlatr exercises Recommended scenarios Monitoring of exercises Deb rief i
9、ng Guidance on specific subject areas Guidance notes Example of lesson plan Appendix to Instructor Manual Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses. 26 29 35 45 51 iv Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of human res
10、ources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has also responded to th
11、e needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malm, Sweden, in 1983. Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Stand
12、ards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new devel
13、opments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their effective
14、ness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime aca
15、demies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in response to these generally ide
16、ntified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway. These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available. W. A. ONEIL Secretary-General I n trod uction Pu
17、rpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the trai
18、ning courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or “programmed” material for the instructors presence. As
19、 in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructors are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary
20、 considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the t
21、echnical intent of IMO conventions and related to its recommendations. Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The act
22、ual level of knowledge and skills and the prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer
23、 should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they
24、 may not have acquired. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical
25、training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course. Adjustment of the course objective, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the
26、model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each area of learning. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the cour
27、se. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to re- allocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective or training outcome. 1 RADAR NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING rn Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision
28、of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of
29、the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material. Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instr
30、uctor is satisfied that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective or training objective. The syllabus is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies a required performance or, what the trainee must be able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a w
31、hole, these objectives aim to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW Code. rn implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: 0 Properly qualified instruc
32、tors Support staff Rooms and other spaces Equipment Other reference material. Suggested references, textbooks, technical papers Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has produced a booklet entitled “Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses”, which
33、 deals with this aspect in greater detail. 2 INTRODUCTION Training and the STCW 1995 Convention The standards of competence that have to be met by seafarers are defined in Part A of the STCW Code in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Convention, as amended in 199
34、5. This IMO model course has been revised and updated to cover the competences in STCW 1995. In common with the Convention, the course is organised under the seven functions at three levels of responsibility. Specifically this course covers the radar navigation and ARPA parts of the function Navigat
35、ion at the Operational Level. For ease of reference, the course is divided into separate sections. Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the suggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references and textbooks is a
36、lso included. Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and simulator exercises for the course, together with a suggested sequence and timetable. From the teaching and learning point of view, it is more important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in th
37、e STCW Code than that a strict timetable is followed. Depending on their experience and ability, some students will take longer to become proficient in some topics than in others. Part C gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical knowledge specified in the S
38、TCW Code. It is written as a series of learning objectives, in other words what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a result of the teaching and training. Each of the objectives is expanded to define a required performance of knowledge, understanding and proficiency. IMO references, textbook
39、 references and suggested teaching aids are included to assist the teacher in designing lessons. Part D contains an Instructor Manual with additional explanations, exercises and an example lesson plan. The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW Code. Mandator
40、y provisions concerning Training and Assessment are given in Section A-116 of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qualification of instructors; supervisors as assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within an institution. The corresponding Part B of t
41、he STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance on training and assessment. The criteria for evaluating competence specified in the competence tables of Part A of the STCW Code have to be used in the assessment of all competences listed in those tables. 3 RADAR NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING Explanatory note
42、Radar Navigation, Plotting and Use of ARPA The course consists of seven main training objectives or training outcomes. Objectives 1-5 deal entirely with Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting. Objectives 6 and 7 deal with ARPA. There are separate Parts A, B, C and D for objectives 1-5 and 6-7. Parts AI
43、, BI, CI and DI refer to Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting. Parts A2, B2, C2 and D2 refer to ARPA. -I I nis aiiows tne course to be taught: as a complete unit covering all training objectives 1-7; or only as a Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting course covering objectives 1-5. The Radar Navigation
44、 only course is consistent with the note in Table A-IV1 of the STCW Code which says: “Training and Assessment in the use of ARPA is not required for those who serve exclusively on ships not fitted with ARPA. This limitation shall be reflected in the endorsement issued to the seafarer concerned”. Tra
45、inees requiring to extend radar navigation and plotting skills to include the use of ARPA may follow a course based on objectives 6 and 7. Instructors should include a review of radar navigation and plotting, the depth of which will depend on the needs of the trainees. Validation The information con
46、tained in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisers, consultants and experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards implemented may be as uniform as possible. Validation in the
47、context of this document means that no grounds have been found to object to its content. The Sub-Committee has not granted its approval to the document, as it considers that this work must not be regarded as an official interpretation of the Convention. In reaching a decision in this regard, the Sub
48、-Committee was guided by the advice of a Validation Group comprised of representatives designated by IL0 and IMO. 4 PART AI : COURSE FRAMEWORK Part AI : Radar Navigation and Radar Plotting: Course Framework Aims This course provides training in the basic theory and use of radar for officers in charg
49、e of a navigational watch. It is based on the guidance on training in radar observation and plotting and in the operational use of ARPA in Section B-1/12 of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended in 1995 (STCW 1995). This model course aims to meet the minimum training standards in Table A-Ill1 of STCW 1995. This guidance supersedes the recommendations annexed to Resolutions A.482(Xll) and A.483(Xll) adopted by IMO in 1981. This model course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for knowledge, underst
