1、IMO MODEL COURSE 206 OIL TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATOR 2002 EDITION International Maritime Organization First published in 1990 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITI ME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Revised edition 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom by Intype Libra Ltd 2 4 6 8
2、 10 9 7 5 3 1 ISBN 92-801 -41 63-5 IMO PUBLICATION Sales number: TA206E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This course on cargo and ballast handling simulation is based on material developed for IMO, under contract, by Seagull AS, Horten, Norway. Kjeii Vagtberg, Master Mariner Horten 20 April 2001 Copyright O IMO 200
3、3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organiza
4、tion. Foreword Introduction Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Appendix: Course Framework Course Outline and Timetable Detailed Teaching Syllabus Instructor Manual Cargo Handling Simulator Sample Exercise Scenarios Exercise no. 1-VLCC Exercise no. 2-VLCC Exercise no. 3-VLCC Exercise no. 4-VLCC Exercise
5、 no. 5-VLCC Exercise no. 6-PC Exercise no. 7-PC Exercise no. 8-PC Exercise no. 9-PC Exercise no. 10-PC v i 5 11 13 27 35 40 41 42 44 45 50 52 54 56 57 Guidance on the Implementation of IMO Model Courses iii Fore word Since its inception, the International Maritime Organization has recognized the imp
6、ortance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has
7、also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malm, Sweden, in 1983. Following the earlier adoption of the International
8、 Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills
9、 regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enh
10、ance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction prov
11、ided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in response to
12、 these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway. These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available. W.A. ONEIL Secretary-General
13、 V Introduction H Purpose of the model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effec
14、tiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or “programmed” material for the inst
15、ructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in mar
16、itime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill nece
17、ssary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. This is the first major revision to this model course. In order to keep the training programme up to date in the future, it is essential that users provide feedback. New information will provide better training in saf
18、ety at sea and protection of the marine environment. Information, comments and suggestions should be sent to the Head of the STCW and Human Element Section at IMO, London. H Use of the model course To use the model course the instructor should review the course outline and detailed syllabus, taking
19、into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties
20、 because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by
21、 the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired. Adjustment of the course objective, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which diff
22、er from the course objectives specified in the model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the amount of time which should be allotted to each area of learning. Teaching staff should note that the sequence and length of time allocated to each subject
23、are suggestions only 1 OIL TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATOR These factors may be adapted by lecturers to suit individual groups of students according to their experience and ability as well as equipment and staff available for training. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic
24、knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical cours
25、e. Within the course outline, Part 2, the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each subject area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are suggestions only. These factors may be adapted by lecturers to suit individual groups of st
26、udents according to their experience and ability as well as equipment and staff available for training and assume that the trainees have fully met ail entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate the time required to achieve ea
27、ch specific learning objective. Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teac
28、hing material proposed to be used in the course. An example of a lesson plan is included in the instructor manual in most model courses, but in this course, the exercise scenarios supplied as an appendix to the instructor manual serve this purpose. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the
29、 learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material. Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in vari
30、ous ways until the instructor is satisfied, by testing and evaluating the trainees performance and achievements, that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective. The syllabus is laid out in learning-objective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to do as t
31、he learning outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW Code. H Evaluation or assessment of trainee progress The nature of this course involves all of the trainees and the instructors in an ongoi
32、ng process of individual and group evaluation. Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: 2 INTRODUCTION 0 properly qualified instructors; 0 support staff; 0 rooms and other spaces; 0 equipment; 0 textbooks,
33、technical papers; and O other reference material. Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has produced a booklet entitled ?Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses?, which deals with this aspect in greater detail. A copy of this booklet is included
34、as an attachment to this course. ? W Training and the STCW 1995 Convention The standards of competence that have to be met by seafarers are defined in Part A of the STCW Code in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Convention, as amended in 1995. This IMO model cou
35、rse has been revised and updated to cover the competences in STCW 1995. It sets out the education and training to achieve those standards. For ease of reference, the course is divided into separate sections. Part 1 provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the s
36、uggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references and textbooks is also included. Part 2 provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the course, together with a suggested sequence and timetable. From the teaching and learning point of vi
37、ew, it is more important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in the STCW Code than that a strict timetable for each topic is followed. Depending on their experience and ability, some students will naturally take longer to become proficient in some topics than in othe
38、rs. Part 3 gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical knowledge specified in the STCW Code. It is presented in a logical sequence, starting with basic knowledge and information on petroleum and its hazards, safety and pollution prevention, and concluding wit
39、h inert gas systems and crude oil washing operations. Each subject area is covered by a series of required performances, in other words what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a result of the teaching and training. In this way the overall required performance of knowledge, understanding and
40、 proficiency is met. IMO references, textbook references and suggested teaching aids are included to assist the teacher in designing lessons. 3 OIL TANKER CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING SIMULATOR Part 4 contains an Instructor Manual with additional explanations, an example lesson plan and simulator exer
41、cise for instructors who may have access to a liquid-cargo-handling sim u lator. The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW Code. Mandatory provisions concerning Training and Assessment are given in section A- 116 of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qua
42、lification of instructors; supervisors as assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within an institution. A corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance on training and assessment. A separate IMO model course addresses Examination
43、 and Assessment of Competence. This course explains the use of various methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for evaluating competence as tabulated in the STCW Code and may be helpful in developing any necessary assessments. 4 PART 1 : COURSE FRAMEWORK Part 1: Course Framework Aims The c
44、ourse is essentially a practical one and consists of a series of exercises structured around the operation of the cargo and ballast installation of an oil tanker and carried out in conjunction with a simulator. The exercises are controlled by an instructor and, initially, allow the trainees to becom
45、e familiar with the layout of the cargo, ballast and slop tanks forming the system and the instrumentation and controls that are used. The exercises continue with the simulation of the normal procedures and operations for the loading and discharging of cargo, the use of inert gas, crude oil washing,
46、 tank cleaning, ballasting and deballasting, tank purging and gas freeing, and, where the simulator design incorporates it, bunkering. The importance of loading and discharging so as to avoid undue stressing of the hull and the use of “load on top” procedures to minimize pollution are introduced at
47、appropriate points of the simulator programme. Each simulator exercise is preceded by a briefing lecture and followed up by a group discussion during which the actions and decisions of the trainees are analysed. During the series of exercises the trainees will assume specific roles in the cargo or o
48、ther operation that is being simulated, with one trainee taking the role of the officer in charge of the particular operation being simulated. Note: Officers and ratings who are to serve aboard oil tankers are required by paragraphs 1 and 2 of Regulation V/1 of the International Convention on Standa
49、rds of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (as amended in 1995) to have appropriate experience aboard operational oil tankers and to have completed approved shore-based specialized training related to oil tanker operations. It is not claimed that this course, using simulation of oil tanker cargo and ballast operations, meets the requirements of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Regulation V/1 of STCW 1995 in respect of service aboard ship and shore-based training. The IMO Model Courses 1.01 and 1.02 have been designed to meet the requirements of Regulation V/1 of STCW 1978, as
