1、Graphic Symbols forProcess DisplaysApproved 3 February 1986ISAS5.51985STANDARD Copyright 1985 by the Instrument Society of America. All rights reserved. Printed in the UnitedStates of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or b
2、y any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher.ISA67 Alexander DriveP.O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709ISA-S5.5, Graphic Symbols for Process DisplaysISBN 0-87664-935-5ISA-S5.5-1985 3PrefaceThis
3、preface is included for informational purposes and is not a part of Standard S5.5.This Standard has been prepared as a part of the service of ISA toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this document should not be static, but should be subject to periodic re
4、view. Toward this end, the Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board, ISA, 67 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, Telephone (919) 549-8411, e-mail: standardsisa.org.The ISA S
5、tandards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metric system of units in general and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to U.S.A. users of ISA Stan
6、dards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their business and professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards to the greatest extent possible. The
7、Metric Practice Guide, which has been published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers as ANSI/IEEE Std. 268-1982, and future revisions will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors.It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the p
8、articipation of all concerned individuals and interests in the development of ISA Standards. Participation in the ISA Standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by the employer of that individual of ISA or any of the standards which ISA develops.The information conta
9、ined in this preface, in the footnotes, and in the appendices is included for information only and is not part of the standard.The original draft of this document resulted from the committee work of the International Purdue Workshop on Industrial Computer Systems, the Man/ Machine Communication Comm
10、ittee TC-6.The use of graphic symbols representing entities and characteristics of processes has evolved rapidly during the course of the last decade. Technology has allowed the presentation of a physical process to be represented and controlled by the use of computers and advanced electronic system
11、s. These systems use video-display technologies such as CRTs, plasma screens, and other media to present to the user a graphic representation of his process. It is through these devices and the symbology used to represent the process in question that the user monitors and controls the particular ope
12、ration.Process displays convey information to the user in the form of both text and graphic symbols. Text information is based on the use of numeric data and the alphabet to construct the words necessary to convey the meaning of the information. This text information is structured around the use of
13、written language and is highly ordered and understood by users. On the other hand, the use of graphic symbols for process and information presentation is highly dependent upon the manufacturer and the user of the product. These graphic symbols are generally customized to the particular application a
14、t hand.Standard graphic symbols provide a more logical and uniformly understandable mechanism for modern control processes. For example, a control system may be constructed of several control systems and a central control system. In cases such as this, the operator often finds that he 4 ISA-S5.5-198
15、5must become familiar with the graphic symbology of several different systems, although they may represent common elements.It is the intent of this document that both the manufacturers and users of process displays use these graphic symbols in their systems whenever applicable. It is recognized that
16、 technology is rapidly changing in the types of devices available for process display use. The graphic symbols suggested in this standard should provide a foundation for all display systems that are used to display and control processes. The graphic symbols that are represented in this standard are
17、divided into 13 major groups. Attributes associated with the various types of symbols such as color usage, blink, orientation, etc., are addressed in the document.The symbols defined in ISA-S5.5 are intended to supplement those of ISA-S5.1 and ISA-S5.3 to provide a cohesive integration of graphic sy
18、mbology and common industry usage of flow diagrams. ISA-S5.1 and ISA-S5.3 are drafting standards which govern the depiction of process and instrumentation symbols for drawings and other printed documents. The ISA-S5.5 symbols were developed for use on video devices that represent both character disp
19、lay and pixel addressable displays. Use of the symbols also applies to both color and monochromatic video displays as well as other media. Therefore, the symbols that are represented in this standard may differ from those in the other standards because of the nature of the physical devices used to d
20、isplay the symbols. The principal users of these symbols are operators and other personnel who use information concerning process operations.The main intent of the graphic symbols is to provide to the user an easily understandable representation of his process on a display device. Computers, distrib
21、uted control systems, stand-alone microprocessor-based systems, etc., can appear to be similar or to perform similar functions; however, they are diverse in philosophy and graphic presentation. Therefore, it is essential that a common set of symbols be used to convey process information to the users
22、 of such devices.The symbols presented in this standard are by no means all that were suggested or that may be required; however, by adopting these as a standard, the majority of present processes may be adequately represented. When it becomes necessary to develop special symbols for equipment not i
23、ncluded in the standard, simplicity of form is considered of paramount importance.The ISA Standards Committee on Graphic Symbols for Process Displays SP5.5 operates within the ISA Standards and Practices Department, Norman Conger, Vice President. The persons listed below served as members of ISA Com
24、mittee SP5.5, which prepared this standard:NAME COMPANYD. G. Kempfer, Chairman 1982-85 Standard Oil Company of OhioA. T. Bonina Industrial Data TerminalsR. F. Carroll, Chairman 1981 Setpoint, Inc.A. S. Fortunak Inland Steel CompanyW. K. Greene Union CarbideF. W. Magalski Industrial Data TerminalsR.
25、F. Sapita, Chairman 1979-80 The Foxboro CompanyB. J. Selb RosemountJ. A. Shaw Taylor Instrument CompanyJ. Ventresca AccuRay CorporationD. Winward Aydin ControlsISA-S5.5-1985 5The persons listed below served as members of ISA Committee SP5, which approved this standard:NAME COMPANYD. E. Rapley, Chair
26、man Rapley Engineering ServicesR. C. Greer Bailey Controls CompanyD. G. Kempfer Standard Oil Company of OhioR. H. Kind El Paso Natural Gas CompanyR. Mulley S. F. BraunT. J. Myron The Foxboro CompanyThis standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board in December 1985.N
27、AME COMPANYN. Conger, Chairman Fisher Controls CompanyP. V. Bhat Monsanto CompanyW. Calder III The Foxboro CompanyR. S. Crowder Ship Star AssociatesH. S. Hopkins Westinghouse Electric CompanyJ. L. Howard Boeing Aerospace CompanyR. T. Jones Philadelphia Electric CompanyR. Keller The Boeing CompanyO.
28、P. Lovett, Jr. ISIS CorporationE. C. Magison Honeywell, Inc.A. P. McCauley Chagrin Valley Controls, Inc.J. W. Mock Bechtel CorporationE. M. Nesvig ERDCO Engineering CorporationR. Prescott Moore Products CompanyD. E. Rapley Rapley Engineering ServicesC. W. Reimann National Bureau of StandardsJ. Renni
29、e Factory Mutual Research CorporationW. C. Weidman Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc.K. Whitman ConsultantP. Bliss* ConsultantB. A. Christensen* Continental Oil CompanyL. N. Combs* RetiredR. L. Galley* ConsultantT. J. Harrison* IBM CorporationR. G. Marvin* Roy G. Marvin CompanyW. B. Miller* Moore Products C
30、ompanyG. Platt* ConsultantJ. R. Williams* Stearns Catalytic Corporation*Director EmeritusISA-S5.5-1985 7Contents1 Purpose 92 Scope . 92.1 Application to work activities 92.2 Relationship to other ISA Standards . 92.3 Relationship to other symbol standards 102.4 Definitions 103 Symbols 113.1 Symbol u
31、sage 113.2 Grouping of symbols 143.3 Structure of symbols 16Appendix A Examples of use 33Appendix B Primary measurement recommended usage 38ISA-S5.5-1985 91 PurposeThe purpose of this standard is to establish a system of graphic symbols for process displays that are used by plant operators, engineer
32、s, etc., for process monitoring and control. The system is intended to facilitate rapid comprehension by the users of the information that is conveyed through displays, and to establish uniformity of practice throughout the process industries.Resulting benefits are intended to be as follows:a) A dec
33、rease in operator errorsb) A shortening of operator trainingc) Better communication of the intent of the control system designer to the system usersAn objective of the standard is to insure maximum compatibility of symbols on process visual display units (VDUs) with related symbols used in other dis
34、ciplines.The symbols in this standard are intended to depict processes and process equipment. The symbols are suitable for use on Visual Display Units (VDUs), such as Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs).2 ScopeThe standard is suitable for use in the chemical, petroleum, power generation, air conditioning, meta
35、l refining, and numerous other industries.Though the standard may make use of standard symbols now used for piping and instrument diagrams, logic diagrams, loop diagrams, and other documents, the symbols of the standard are generally expected to be used in ways complementing existing types of engine
36、ering documents.The symbolism is intended to be independent of type or brand of hardware or computer software.2.1 Application to work activitiesThis standard is suitable for use whenever any reference to process equipment on VDUs is required. Such references may be required for the following uses as
37、 well as others:a) Process displays on CRTsb) Process displays on other visual media such as plasma displays, liquid crystal displays, etc.2.2 Relationship to other ISA StandardsThis standard complements, whenever possible, ISA Standards S5.1 “Instrumentation Symbols and Identification,“ S5.3 “Flow
38、Diagram Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation Logic and Computer Systems,“ RP60.05 “Graphic Displays for Control Centers,“ and ANSI/ISA S51.1 “Process Instrumentation Terminology.“10 ISA-S5.5-19852.3 Relationship to other symbol standardsThis document complements the
39、 ANSI Standard for process flow sheets, ANSI Y32.11M “Graphic Symbols for Process Flow Diagrams in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries“ and ANSI/NEMA Standard ICS 1-1978 “General Standards for Industrial Control and Systems“ whenever possible and practical.2.4 DefinitionsAspect ratio: The ratio of
40、 a symbols height to its width.Background: The field that information is displayed upon for contrast.Blinking: A periodic change of hue, saturation, or intensity of a video display unit pixel, character, or graphic symbol.Character: A term used to refer to a predefined group of pixels.Chromaticity:
41、The color quality of light, which is characterized by its dominant wavelength and purity.Color coding: The use of different background and foreground colors to symbolically represent processes and process equipment attributes, such as status, quality, magnitude, identification, configuration, etc.Fo
42、reground: The information element on a background field.Graphic symbol: An easily recognized pictorial representation.Highlighting: A term encompassing various attention-getting techniques, such as blinking, intensifying, underscoring, and color coding.Intensity: The lumination level (i.e., brightne
43、ss) of the pixels of a VDU.Pixel: The smallest controllable display element on a VDU. Also referred to as picture element (PEL).Process visual display: A dynamic display intended for operators and others engaged in process monitoring and control.Reverse Video: The interchange of foreground and backg
44、round attributes, such as intensity, color, etc.Task/Surround lumination ratio: The luminance ratio between the keyboard and screen (TASK) and workplace (SURROUND) within the operators field of view.Visual Display Unit (VDU): A generic term used for display units based on technologies such as Cathod
45、e Ray Tubes (CRTs), Plasma Discharge Panels (PDPs), Electroluminescent Devices (ELs), Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), etc.ISA-S5.5-1985 113 Symbols3.1 Symbol usage3.1.1 General1) The graphic symbols in this standard are intended for use on VDUs.2) Because size variations of symbols representing the
46、various pieces of equipment are anticipated, no scale is indicated on the graphic symbol sketches. The integrity of the defined symbols should be preserved by maintaining the aspect ratio depicted.3) Color coding to improve the perception of information and ease of interpretation of the displayed im
47、age is anticipated.4) Graphic symbols should be arranged to depict spatial relationships, energy, material and data flows in a consistent manner (e.g., left to right, top to bottom, etc.). Equipment outlines and piping lines may be differentiated by color, intensity, or width.5) Symbols may be rotat
48、ed in any orientation on a VDU in order to represent the process in the most effective manner.6) Arrows may be used on process lines to indicate direction of flow.7) Symbols should be shown only when they are important to understanding the operation or are an integral part of the process depicted. S
49、ymbol qualities, such as luminance, size, color, fill, and contrast should be considered collectively and judiciously in order to avoid any psychophysiological masking of adjacent display targets, such as measurement values, alarm messages, labels, etc.8) Numeric values and text may be included to enhance comprehension. The values may be either static or dynamic.9) Graphic displays may contain both static and dynamic symbols and data. The symbol set, while intended for color displays, is also usable on monochromatic displays.10) Special characteristics of displays should be us
