1、Foundation FieldbusFourth EditionFoundation FieldbusFourth Editionby Ian Verhappenand Augusto PereiraNoticeThe information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because neither the author nor the publisher has any control over the use of the information by the rea
2、der, both the author and the publisher disclaim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professional judgment in using any of the information presented in a particular application.Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher has inves
3、tigated or considered the effect of any patents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect any particular use of the information presented.Any references to commercial products i
4、n the work are cited as examples only. Neither the author nor the publisher endorses any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or tradenames referenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publisher makes any representation regarding the availability
5、 of any refer-enced commercial product at any time. The manufacturers instructions on use of any com-mercial product must be followed at all times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication.Copyright 2012 ISAThe International Society of AutomationAll rights reserved. Printed in th
6、e United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2ISBN: 978-1-937560-20-1No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, with-out the prior written permission of the publisher.I
7、SA67 Alexander DriveP.O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, NC 27709www.isa.orgLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data in process.For my wife Michele, who has supported me throughout my career and through the original development of this book and its revisions, while also raising our daught
8、ers Ashley and Madeline. You are the glue that keeps it together.Thank you also to everyone who has supported me during my Fieldbus development and continued growth, providing opportunities to expand my knowledge and apply what I have learned. You have made it possible to be able to share this knowl
9、edge.Ian VerhappenFor my wife Margareth and my sons Sergio and Fabio, who gave me the support to write this book and helped me during the revisions.Thanks to everyone who taught me the Fieldbus concepts since the early years and all the people who, during the several projects that I have been involv
10、ed in, followed my suggestions for getting their projects working successfully.Augusto PereiraTABLE OF CONTENTS viiTable of ContentsList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiList of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiIan Verhappen, P. Eng., CAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xixAugusto Pereira, Eng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiChapter 1 Fieldbus Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.1 Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.2 User Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1.3 Testing and Reg
13、istration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.1.4 Interoperability Test System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.1.5 Physical Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.1.6 Topologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.2 Communications. . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.3 Parameter Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.3.1 EDDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.3.2 FDT/DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.3.3 Field Device Interface (F
15、DI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Chapter 2 Fieldbus Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.1 Segment Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.2 High-Speed Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.3 Grou
16、nding/Earthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.4 Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642.5 Cable Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Chapter 3 Fieldbus Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693.1 Intrinsic Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.2 Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743.2.1 Architecture with FISCO installed in the DCS cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . 783.2.2 Redundant FISCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.3 Fieldbus Non-Incendive Concept (FNICO/FISCO Ex ic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.4 High Energy Trunk Fieldbus Barrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.5 DART (Dynamic Arc Recognition and Termination)
19、 . . . 853.6 Selecting the Right Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87viii TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 4 Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.1 Segment Loading Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Chapter 5 System Integrati
20、on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.1.1 Client-Server VCR Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.1.2 Report Distribution VCR Type . . . . . . . . . . 1055.1.3 PublisherSubscriber V
21、CR Type . . . . . . . . . . 1055.1.4 “Fail Over” Strategies and Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095.2 Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Chapter 6 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . 1296.1 Physical Layer Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296.1.1 Cable Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1316.1.2 Electronic Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.1.3 Configuration Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.
23、1.4 FOUNDATION Fieldbus Digital Communication Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.1.5 Typical Installation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396.2 Device Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1466.2.1 Configuration of the Resource Block . . . . . . 1486.2.
24、2 Configuration of the Transducer Block. . . . . 1486.2.3 Configuration of the Analog Input Function Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Chapter 7 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537.1 Optimization Tools . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537.1.1 Physical Fault Symptoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567.2 Communications and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1577.3 Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Chapter 8 Operations & Maintenance . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618.1 Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Chapter 9 New Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . 1699.1 Fieldbus Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1699.2 Wireless & Remote I/O (WIO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172TABLE OF CONTENTS ix9.3 Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1769.4 Host System Interoper
28、ability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Appendix A Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Appendix B Fieldbus Foundation Specification List. . . . . . . . . . . . 183Appendix C Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . 187Appendix D Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Appendix E FF Segment Design Example Exercise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217LIST OF FIG
30、URES xiList of FiguresFigure 1-1 Digital control system architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Figure 1-2a OSI model compared with Fieldbus model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Figure 1-2b Fieldbus data transfer packets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Figure 1-3 Manchester e
31、ncoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Figure 1-4 Device description hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 1-4a Analog Input Block (AI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 1-4b Analog Output Block (AO) . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 1-4c PID Block (PID). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 1-5 Fieldbus bridge capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figure 1-6 Maximum length of Fieldbus network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Fi
33、gure 1-7 Fieldbus network with repeaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figure 1-8a Physical layouts Single combined segment . . . . . . . . . . . 20Figure 1-8b Wiring practices Cable efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Figure 1-9 FOUNDATION Fieldbus node addresses. . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . 23Figure 1-10a Function block scheduling and macrocycle. . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 1-10b LAS algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 1-11 SCADA layer Fieldbus traffic management . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Figure 1-12 Radar le
35、vel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 1-13 Valve signature with best fit line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 1-14 Field device interface communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Figure 1-15 FDI Flow Device and Host . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Figure 1-16 Device Package showing documents to be updated. . . . . . 38Figure 2-1 Short circuit protection “sizing” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Figure 2-2 Spur overcurrent failure indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49xii LIST OF FIGURESFig
37、ure 2-3 Fieldbus connector blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Figure 2-4 Fieldbus wiring with conventional terminal blocks . . . . . . 51Figure 2-5 Terminator inside junction box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Figure 2-6 Termination guidelines . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Figure 2-7 HSE profile functional areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figure 2-8 Ethernet wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Figure 2-9 Wiring H1 devices to a linking device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. 58Figure 2-10 Integrated fieldbus system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figure 2-11 Continuity of ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Figure 2-12 Plant ground and instrument ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Figure 2-13 Cable shield ground
40、ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Figure 2-14 Recommended fieldbus grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Figure 2-15 High frequency capacitive ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Figure 2-16 Equipotential bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . 63Figure 2-17 Segregation of cable classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Figure 2-18 Segregating cables in trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Figure 2-19 General cable installation guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Figure 3-1
42、Protective systems incendive limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Figure 3-2 Typical FISCO network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Figure 3-3 FISCO calculation for area classification IIC. . . . . . . . . . . 79Figure 3-4 FISCO calculation for area classification IIB
43、. . . . . . . . . . . 80Figure 3-5 FISCO repeater wiring to field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Figure 3-6 Typical fieldbus power conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Figure 3-7 Typical fieldbus barrier installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Figure 3-8 High-e
44、nergy trunk calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Figure 3-9 Typical spark behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86LIST OF FIGURES xiiiFigure 3-10 DART extinguished spark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Figure 3-11 Power supply selec
45、tion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Figure 4-1 Network diagram with repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Figure 4-2 Fieldbus data sheet: individual device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 4-3 Fieldbus data sheet for multiple devices . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . 94Figure 4-4 Digital communication signal symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Figure 4-5 Multivariable Device Representation on P&ID . . . . . . . . . 96Figure 5-1 Fieldbus VCR communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Figure 5-2 Host configuration screen . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Figure 5-3 Loop configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Figure 5-4 Multiple loop function block scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Figure 5-5 Segment bandwidth calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Figure 5-6
48、Typical fieldbus architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Figure 5-7 Fieldbus Foundation Network with control in the field . 119Figure 5-8 Macrocycle control in valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Figure 5-9 Fieldbus Foundation Network with control in the DCS . 121F
49、igure 5-10 Macrocycle control in host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Figure 5-11 Control in output device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Figure 5-12 Control in input and output device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Figure 5-13 Control in Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Figure 5-14 Control in the DCS when there are delays . . . . . . . . . . 127Figure 6-1 H1 network analysis tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Figure 6-2 Electrical cable test met
