ISA IND DATA COMM-2008 Industrial Data Communications (Fourth Edition).pdf

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1、Industrial DataCommunications4th EditionBy Lawrence “Larry” M. Thompsonfront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page iiiNotice The information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because neither the author northe publisher have any control over the use of the informa

2、tion by the reader, both the author and the publisher dis-claim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professionaljudgment in using any of the information presented in a particular application. Additionally, neither the author nor the pub

3、lisher have investigated or considered the affect of any patents on the abili-ty of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsible for reviewing anypossible patents that may affect any particular use of the information presented. Any references to com

4、mercial products in the work are cited as examples only. Neither the author nor the publisherendorses any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or trade names referenced belong to the respectiveowner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publisher makes any representation regarding

5、 the availability ofany referenced commercial product at any time. The manufacturers instructions on use of any commercial product mustbe followed at all times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication. Copyright 2008 ISA The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society All r

6、ights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2ISBN 978-1-934394-24-3No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written

7、permission of the publisher. ISA 67 Alexander Drive P.O. Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataThompson, Lawrence M.Industrial data communications / By Lawrence “Larry“ M. Thompson. -4th ed.p. cm.ISBN-13: 978-1-934394-24-3 (pbk.)1. Data transmis

8、sion systems. I. Title. TK5105.T46 1997004.6-dc222007036855front of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page ivISA Resources for Measurement and Control Series (RMC)Control System Documentation: Applying Symbols and Identification, 2nd EditionControl System Safety Evaluation and Reliability, 2nd EditionIndus

9、trial Data Communications, 4th EditionIndustrial Flow Measurement, 3rd EditionIndustrial Level, Pressure, and Density Measurement, 2nd EditionMeasurement and Control Basics, 4th EditionProgrammable Controllers, 4th Editionfront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page vfront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM

10、Page viThis Book Is Dedicated ToThe many practitioners of various disciplines who, through no fault of their own, have arrived at the position of needing knowledge of industrial data communications just to survive.front of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page viifront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page v

11、iiiContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvAbout the Author . . . . . . . . . .

12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiChapter 1 Communication Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Serial a

13、nd Parallel Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Data Organization: Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Data Organization: Communications Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Data Organization: Error Coding . .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Data Organization: Protocol Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Protocol Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Chapter 2 Communications Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27ISO OSI Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27The Internet Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34The IEEE 802 Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Application Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Chapter 3 Serial Communication Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43EIA/TIA Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43TIA/EIA 232(F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44EIA 449: Interface Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49EIA 422 and 423. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49E

20、IA/TIA 485(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51EIA/TIA 530. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Interface Signal Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54PC Serial Communications

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Universal Serial Bus (USB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55IEEE-1394 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57SCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58SATA (Serial ATA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59ixfront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page ixChapter 4 Local Area Networks (LANs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61How We Got Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Definitions . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61LAN Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65802 and Industrial

25、LANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Wireless LANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71LAN Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72IEEE 802 Medium Access C

26、ontrol (MAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Industrial Token Passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Logical Link Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87LAN Layer 3 and 4 Software: TCP/IP . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Chapter 5 Network Software. . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Commercial Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Network Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Microsoft Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . 107Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Protocols Used by Vendors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Microsofts NetBEUI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109CIFS: Common Inter

31、net File System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Netwares IPX/SPX Suite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110TCP/ICP Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111An Application Object Model: OPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . 112Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . 115Chapter 6 Industrial Networks and Fieldbuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117The Many. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Industrial Network Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

34、17Distributed Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Selected Industrial Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125HART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125DeviceNet . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128ControlNet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Ethernet/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129LonWorks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130xfront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page xAS-i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132P-Net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Profibus/ProfiNet . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Foundation Fieldbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Ethernet/TCP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Industrial Networks and Fieldbuses Summary . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . 146Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Wireline Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . 150Carrier Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Frequency Shift Keying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . 157Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Phase Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Summary: Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Wireline M

41、odems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Summary: Modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166WAN Digital Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Synchronous Optical Ne

42、twork (SONET). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174The Answer: Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Cable Modems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176WAN for the Mobile and Outer Lands . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Summary: WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Chapter 8 Internetworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Layer 2: Internetworking Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Layer 3 Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Router Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . . . . . 189Other Networking Devices/Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Summary: Internetworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Ch

46、apter 9 Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Defining the Types of Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、 . 205Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206The Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . 218Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225xifront of book.qxd 9/10/2007 9:14 PM Page xiPrologue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Appendix A Number Systems Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229The Decimal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229The Binary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230The Hexadecimal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Binary Pattern to

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