ISA SCADA-2010 SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (4th Edition).pdf

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1、SCADA: Supervisory Controland Data Acquisition4th EditionSCADA:SupervisoryControl and DataAcquisition4th EditionBy Stuart A. BoyerIliad Development Inc.NoticeThe information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because nei-ther the author nor the publisher have a

2、ny control over the use of the information by the reader, both the author and the publisher disclaim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professional judgment in using any of the information presented in a particu-lar application.Additi

3、onally, neither the author nor the publisher have investigated or considered the affect of any patents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect any particular use of the inform

4、ation pre-sented.Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as examples only. Neither the author nor the publisher endorse any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or tradenames referenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publis

5、her make any repre-sentation regarding the availability of any referenced commercial product at any time. The manufac-turers instructions on use of any commercial product must be followed at all times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication.Copyright 2010 ISAInternational Socie

6、ty of AutomationAll rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 1098765432ISBN 978-1-936007-09-7No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the pri

7、or writ-ten permission of the publisher.ISA67 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277Research Triangle Park, NC 27709www.isa.orgLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBoyer, Stuart A.SCADA: supervisory control and data acquisition / by Stuart A. Boyer.- 4th ed.p. cm.ISBN 978-1-936007-09-7 (pbk.)1

8、 Management information systems-Programmed instruction. 2. Supervisory control systems-Programmed instruction. 3. Automatic data collection systems-Programmed instruction. I. Title. T58.6.B675 2010 670.4275-dc22 2009027094 vTABLE OF CONTENTSPreface to the Fourth Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixUNIT 1 Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-1 Text Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-2 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-3. Audience and Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-4. Study Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-5. Organization and Sequence . . . . . . .

11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-6. Course Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-7. Course Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6UNIT 2 SCADA Purpose, Elements, and

12、 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92-1. Purpose of a SCADA System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-2. Applicable Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-3. Elements of a SCADA System . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-4. SCADA Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-5. A Limited Two-Way System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Unit 2 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17UNIT 3 Historical DevelopmentAnalog and Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213-1. Analog Signals, Measurement, and Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213-2. Discrete Signals, Measurement, and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223-3. Development from

15、 Telemetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243-4. Dependence on Communication and Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Unit 3 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29UNIT 4 Real-Time Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334-1. Is SCADA Real-Time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344-2. Continuous Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364-3. Communications Access and “Master-Slave” . . .

17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 394-4. Determining Scan Interval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404-5. Where to Compute? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Unit 4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47UNIT 5 Control System Elements: Sensors, Actuators, and Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515-1. A Forgotten Cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-2. Special C

19、onsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585-3. Standardization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605-4. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

20、5-5. Local Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625-6. Controllers in RTUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Unit 5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . 67UNIT 6 Field/RTU Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716-1. Three Rules of Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716-2. Analog Pneumatic and Hydraulic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736-3. Analog Electr

22、onic Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746-4. Digital Electrical Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776-5. How Digital WorksAnalog to Binary to Digital. . . . . . . . . . . . . 786-6. Parallel or Serial? . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84vi Table of Contents6-7. Communication Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856-8. Fieldbus and Similar Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Unit 6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87UNIT 7 Remote Terminal UnitsRTUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917-1. What Does an RTU Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917-2. Communications Interface . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927-3. Protocol Detailed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937-4. Discrete Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977-5. Analog Control . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987-6. Pulse Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007-7. Serial Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017-8. Monitor Discret

27、e Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017-9. Monitor Pulse Count Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027-10. Monitor Serial Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047-11. Non-RTU Functions .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057-12. RTU Hardware Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Unit 7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105UNIT 8 RTU/MTU Communicat

29、ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098-1. Communications System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098-2. Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108-3. Modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138-4. Synchronous or Asynchronous?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198-5. Telephone Cable or Radio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198-6. Simplex or Duplex? . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218-7. Turn-On Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1238-8. Frequencies: Are They Available? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1278-9. Path Studies and Seasonal Variations . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298-10. Solar Variations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308-11. Reliability and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308-12. Satellite Communications . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318-13. Cell Phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328.14 Internet SCADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Unit 8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133UNIT 9 Master Terminal UnitsMTUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379-1. Communications Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379-2. Configuring a Picture of the Process . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389-3. Some Simple Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449-4. Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Unit 9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148UNIT 10 Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15310-1. Operator Interface on Very Small Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15410-2. Operator Interface on Mid-sized Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . 15410-3. Operator Interface on Large Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15610-4. Local Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15610-5. Monitor Status Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

38、10-6. Monitoring Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15710-7. Totalized Values and Trending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16110-8. Control Interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

39、10-9. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16310-10. Parallel Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Table of Contents viiUnit 10 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164UNIT 11 Remote ControlWhat Not to SCADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16711-1. Murphys Law and Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16711-2. Safety Instrumented Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16811-

41、3. Regulatory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Unit 11 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175UNIT 12 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . 17912-1. What Is the Risk? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17912-2. Risk Evaluation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18112-3. Risk Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . 18212-4. Document and Follow-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Unit 12 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185UNIT 13 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . 18913-1. Real Time Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18913-2. Accounting and Quality of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19213-3. Scanning and Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . 19613-4. Automatic or Remote Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19913-5. Advisory Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Unit 13 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、 201UNIT 14 Whats Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20514-1. Communications TechnologyField Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20514-2. Communications TechnologyRTU/MTU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20714-3. Reductions in SCADA/Enterp

47、rise Communications . . . . . . . . . 20714-4. More Fully Automatic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Unit 14 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208UNIT 15 SCADA Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21315-1. Costs versus Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21315-2. The Time Value of Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21415-3. Capital Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21615-4. Training and Maintenance Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21815-5. SCADA Operating Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21915-6. Benefits: Reduced Capital Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21915-7. Benefits: Reduced Operating Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22015-8. Benefits: Improved Facility Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22115-9. Tax Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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