1、 TECHNICAL REPORT ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 Wireless User Requirements for Factory Automation Approved 26 May 2011 ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 Wireless User Requirements for Factory Automation ISBN: 978-1-936007-99-8 Copyright 2011 by ISA. All rights reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of Ame
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3、gle Park, North Carolina 27709 USA - 3 - ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. Preface This preface, as well as all footnotes, is included for information purposes and is not part of ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISA towards a
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12、ctices Department of the patent and its owner. Additionally, the use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations or equipment. The document cannot anticipate all possible applications or address all possible safety issues associated with use in hazardous conditions. The user of this
13、 document must exercise sound professional judgment concerning its use and applicability under the users particular circumstances. The user must also consider the applicability of any governmental regulatory limitations and established safety and health practices. The following served as voting memb
14、ers on the ISA100 Committee: NAME COMPANY Wayne Manges, Co-Chair Oak Ridge National Lab Herman E. Storey, Co-Chair Herman Storey Consulting ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 - 4 -Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. Donald Dunn, Managing Director Aramco Services Nicholas P. Sands, Managing Director DuPont Cl
15、ifford Whitehead, Factory Automation Chair Rockwell Automation Robert Assimiti NIVIS LLC Brent Bailey Flow Products LLC Allart Karel Bastiaans TNO Walter H. Boyes Putman Media Inc Sean Boyle Irving Refinery Patricia E. Brett Honeywell Inc Mike E. Carley Nova Chemicals Ltd Richard H. Caro CMC Associa
16、tes Marius Chilom ECONIS Labs LLC Eric C. Cosman The Dow Chemical Co Abdelghani Daraiseh Saudi Aramco Bill Drake White Rodgers Sicco Dwars Shell Global Solutions International BV Rick Enns Consultant Robert E. Gooch R3 Sensors Toshi Hasegawa Yokogawa Electric Corp Hesh Kagan Invensys Operations Mana
17、gement Patrick Kinney Kinney Consulting LLC David Lafferty BP Greg W. LaFramboise Chevron Energy Technology Co Eugene L. Lambert Wunderlich-Malec Engineering David R. Land ConocoPhillips Ali Azizan Maamor Petronas Norman E. McLeod ARKEMA Geoff Mulligan Consultant Larry Pereira FlexWorks Solutions In
18、ternational Tom Phinney Consultant Kristopher SJ Pister Dust Networks Israel Radomsky Eltav Ltd Sylvain Riendeau Hydro-Qubec Patrick Schweitzer ExxonMobil Research Technology and life cycle for wireless equipment and systems; and The application of wireless technology. The Committees focus is to imp
19、rove the confidence in, integrity of, and availability of components or systems used for manufacturing or control, and to provide criteria for procuring and implementing wireless technology in the control system environment. Compliance with the Committees guidance will improve manufacturing and cont
20、rol system deployment and will help identify vulnerabilities and address them, thereby reducing the risk of compromising or causing manufacturing control systems degradation or failure. This ISA Technical Report is intended to define user and market-related requirements for design, operation, and ma
21、intenance of a wireless system throughout its life cycle in applications described as factory automation. Specific technology or technology-related requirements have not been explicitly addressed in this document so that designers and developers of wireless systems for factory automation can apply t
22、heir expertise, creativity, and innovation to develop solutions to meet the users requirements of the technology. For the purposes of this technical report, factory automation refers to control and information systems that are characterized by discrete operations with possible extensions into batch
23、process control (the combination of discrete and batch is often referred to as hybrid control). NOTE The ISA100 standards development committee welcomes and values feedback on this technical report. If you have comments on the value of this document or suggestions for improvements or additional topi
24、cs, please send or email those comments to: ISA100 ISA Standards 67 Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Email: standardsisa.org Tel: +1 919 990 9200 Fax: +1 919 549 8288 Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. This page intentionally left blank. - 11 - ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 Copyrigh
25、t 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. 1 Scope This technical report presents descriptive user and market-related requirements of wireless communication in factory automation applications. It provides references to all six ISA100 usage classes; use case descriptions and comparisons; descriptions of factor
26、y automation topologies; and recommendations for attributes and values for existing, emerging, and conceptual solutions for wireless communications as applied to factory automation applications. 2 Normative references There are no normative references involved in using this document. However, see An
27、nex C for a bibliography. 3 Terms, definitions, and acronyms 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 access point device that serves as the aggregation point for wireless signals from multiple nodes and as a wired or wireless bridge for those signals to a control system (e.g., PLC) 3.1.2 actuator device pro
28、viding output to the process or machine under control e.g. solenoid, motor starter, or lamp 3.1.3 asymmetric parallel operation multiple gateways attached to a network of devices, each using a different application protocol with each network able to route the various protocols through tunneling mech
29、anisms 3.1.4 cluster group of nodes in close proximity, all sharing a common access point 3.1.5 cluster capacity maximum number of nodes in a single cluster 3.1.6 coexistence ability of multiple systems to perform their tasks in a given environment where they may or may not be using a similar set of
30、 rules (from ISA-100.11a-2009) 3.1.7 critical communication path prescribed route for connecting two or more devices together to provide a high degree of assurance of successful communication while also defining clear expectations for device behavior in the event of communication faults or failure 3
31、.1.8 determinism ability for all messages from one system to another to arrive within a defined time interval given a specific error rate ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 - 12 - Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. 3.1.9 gateway device device that provides connectivity between one or more field devices on t
32、he wireless network and one or more industrial automation applications via a protocol translation process. There can be a number of interposing routing devices between the gateway and the field device nodes. 3.1.10 handheld device wireless equipment which enables workers to interact with the wireles
33、s network via a display oriented process. Handheld devices are nomadic: moving to a location, establishing a local connection to the network, communicating with one or more network nodes, and when finished, disconnecting from the network. 3.1.11 harvested power/scavenged power energy from external s
34、ources, such as vibration, light, or thermal gradient, that is captured and stored for use 3.1.12 high-side interface integration point of a gateway to a plant network 3.1.13 interference influence on a radio system with an unwanted large effect on the radio communication performance so that it may
35、not fulfill its designated function 3.1.14 jitter time variation of an expected occurrence (from IEC/DC 62657) NOTE Examples are variation of transmission time and update time. 3.1.15 latency delay between the time data is created at a data source device to the time it is available to be consumed at
36、 the destination device (from ISA-100.11a-2009) NOTE The designated points may be a) physical devices, or b) layer boundaries within multi-layer software (e.g., from sending transport to receiving transport functionality, or from sending application to sending modem). 3.1.16 limited power a situatio
37、n involving a small battery or where battery replacement is extremely difficult, such as inside plant equipment with limited or no access 3.1.17 mains power unlimited power source, typically provided by a utility or plant infrastructure source directly wired to the device 3.1.18 mesh/mesh topology n
38、etwork topology in which redundant, physically diverse routing paths are available between each pair of network nodes (from ISA-100.11a-2009) - 13 - ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. 3.1.19 moderate power larger (e.g., C size) battery, or battery supplemented with energy
39、harvesting or easily replaceable battery (annually) 3.1.20 node lowest level wireless device in hierarchy whose primary function is to communicate sensors/actuators status to an access point; may be an assembly with integral sensor(s) and/or actuator(s), or may be a wireless terminal for hardwired s
40、ensor(s) and/or actuator(s) 3.1.21 node density average number of usable nodes per area/volume of the wireless coverage area normalized over the area/volume of the entire coverage area NOTE Node density is linked to cluster capacity and number of parallel/overlapping possible clusters. 3.1.22 packet
41、 loss failure of one or more packets of data to reach their destination over a network 3.1.23 rechargeable battery power replaceable battery with battery refresh within 24 hours 3.1.24 routing device device that wirelessly receives network traffic from neighboring nodes and wirelessly forwards to ot
42、her devices using network layer protocol; may be a stand-alone device or a function performed by a node 3.1.25 sensor device providing input from the process or machinery under control e.g., limit switch, proximity sensor or pushbutton 3.1.26 subcluster logical collection of nodes, capable of disass
43、ociating from one cluster and reassociating with another cluster and communicating to a common access point without use of bridging or gateways NOTE Nodes in a subcluster may be wirelessly configured to multiple access points but are only connected to one at a time. Subclusters may “roam“ from acces
44、s point to access point as in automated guided vehicle applications spanning large areas. Subclusters may rapidly disassociate from one cluster and join another cluster as in a manufacturing cell where tool changes occur and wireless tooling passes from robot to robot. 3.1.27 symmetric parallel oper
45、ation multiple gateways attached to a network of devices all using the same application protocol, enabling multiple host-level applications to simultaneously access a large wireless network with the messages crossing different paths, resulting in increased performance 3.1.28 transaction activity bet
46、ween two entities in a system that are dependent on each other for timely and accurate exchange of data ISA-TR100.00.03-2011 - 14 - Copyright 2011 ISA. All rights reserved. 3.1.29 work cell dissimilar machines grouped together to produce a family of parts having similar manufacturing requirements (f
47、rom ANSI/ISA-95.00.01-2010) 3.2 Acronyms AP Application process DoS Denial of service IBC Intermediate bulk container IEC International Electrotechnical Commission I/O Input/output point, device, or subsystem OSI Open System Interconnection PLC Programmable logic controller QoS Quality of service TW
48、WG Trustworthy Wireless Working Group of ISA100 UUT Unit under test WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for microwave access WIP Work in process WLAN Wireless local area network 4 Overview Factory automation, often referred to as discrete and/or hybrid automation, has functional and technical requireme
49、nts that place unique demands on control systems. A distinguishing requirement of factory automation systems is the speed with which transactions are processed. Very-high-speed processing for sensor feedback of a motion control loop to actuate a servo drive to meet precise positioning requirements can be measured in microseconds. This class of motion control represents an extreme example of factory automation requirements; more practical requirements, as will be documented in this text, have slightly more relaxed response-time requirements. This technical report presen
