1、 ISATR77.60.04-2013 Fossil Fuel Power Plant Human-Machine Interface Electronic Screen Displays Approved 26 November 2013 Copyright 2013 ISA. All rights reserved. ISATR77.60.04-2013 Fossil Fuel Power Plant Human-Machine Interface Electronic Screen Displays ISBN: 978-0-876640-53-1 Copyright 2013 by IS
2、A. All rights reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permissi
3、on of the Publisher. ISA 67 Alexander Drive P.O. Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 www.isa.org 26 November 2013 3 ISA-TR77.60.04-2013 Preface This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for informational purposes only and is not part of ISA-TR77.60.04-2013. The purpose o
4、f this Technical Report is to provide advice and guidance in the development of Electronic Screen Displays for use in conjunction with real-time distributed control systems used in utility fossil-fired power plants with boilers of 200,000 lb/hr or greater capacity. This document has been prepared as
5、 part of the service of the International Society of Automation (ISA) toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and a
6、sks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; Email: standardsisa.org. The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for a
7、ttention to the metric system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric s
8、ystem) in their business and professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavour to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to the greatest extent possible. IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American N
9、ational Standard for Metric Practice, and future revisions, will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors. It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and interests in the development of ISA standards,
10、recommended practices, and technical reports. Participation in the ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by the employer of that individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical reports that ISA develops. CAUTION ISA DOES
11、NOT TAKE ANY POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE EXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS ASSERTED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT, AND ISA DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR THE INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. USERS ARE ADVISED THAT DETERMINATION OF THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT R
12、IGHTS, AND THE RISK OF INFRINGEMENT OF SUCH RIGHTS, IS ENTIRELY THEIR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. PURSUANT TO ISAS PATENT POLICY, ONE OR MORE PATENT HOLDERS OR PATENT APPLICANTS MAY HAVE DISCLOSED PATENTS THAT COULD BE INFRINGED BY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT AND EXECUTED A LETTER OF ASSURANCE COMMITTING TO THE GR
13、ANTING OF A LICENSE ON A WORLDWIDE, NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS, WITH A FAIR AND REASONABLE ROYALTY RATE AND FAIR AND REASONABLE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON SUCH DISCLOSURES AND LETTERS OF ASSURANCE, CONTACT ISA OR VISIT WWW.ISA.ORG/STANDARDSPATENTS. OTHER PATENTS OR PATENT CLAIMS MAY
14、 EXIST FOR WHICH A DISCLOSURE OR LETTER OF ASSURANCE HAS NOT BEEN RECEIVED. ISA IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING PATENTS OR PATENT APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH A LICENSE MAY BE REQUIRED, FOR CONDUCTING INQUIRIES INTO THE LEGAL VALIDITY OR SCOPE OF PATENTS, OR DETERMINING WHETHER ANY LICENSING TERMS OR C
15、ONDITIONS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH SUBMISSION OF A LETTER OF ASSURANCE, IF ANY, OR IN ANY LICENSING AGREEMENTS ARE REASONABLE OR NON-DISCRIMINATORY. ISA REQUESTS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS DOCUMENT WHO IS AWARE OF ANY PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DOCUMENT NOTIFY THE ISA STANDARDS
16、 AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER. ISA-TR77.60.04-2013 4 26 November 2013 Copyright 2013 ISA. All rights reserved. ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT. THE DOCUMENT CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS
17、ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE IN HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT MUST EXERCISE SOUND PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USERS PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OF ANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMI
18、TATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS DOCUMENT. THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE IMPACTED BY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT YET ADDRESSED THE POTENTIAL ISSUES IN THIS VERSION. The following people served as
19、voting members of ISA77.60 and approved this technical report. NAME COMPANY R. Hubby, Chair Robert N. Hubby Consulting J. Weiss, Managing Director Applied Control Solutions LLC S. Alvarez Compania Inspeccion Mexicana D. Bernfeld Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. D. Crow Invensys Foxboro D. Lee ABB Inc. S.
20、Mattix Duke Power Co. L. Schroeder Axiom Tech Corp. T. Toms Progress Energy The following people served as voting members of ISA77 and approved this technical report. NAME COMPANY R. Hubby, Chair Robert N. Hubby Consulting D. Lee, Chair ABB Inc. J. Weiss, Managing Director Applied Control Solutions
21、LLC L. Altcheh Israel Electric Corp. J. Batug PPL Generation LLC G. Cohee Applied Control Systems D. Crow Invensys Foxboro M. Cushing Siemens Industry Inc. R. Eng Hitachi Power Systems America A. Erickson Bibb b) accomplish display design based on the users needs that are based on an assessment of p
22、lanned control-operator functions to be performed; and c) provide a display design to obtain timely access to required information and controls in a logical structure convenient to the user. Input from plant operating personnel in all phases of Electronic Screen Display development is critical to th
23、e development of effective displays. It is even recommended to have plant operating personnel help build many of the graphics to ensure a sense of ownership by operations personnel. It is noted that the Human Machine Interface (HMI) to which this report is addressed is one of the three elements of a
24、 properly designed control system. The other two elements are properly designed and configured control logic as described in other ISA77 standards, and effective alarm management system as addressed in Clause 12 of this report, ISA-RP77.60.02-2010, Fossil Fuel Power Plant Human Machine Interface: Ha
25、rd Panel Alarms, and ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009, Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries. 4 Display structure Display structure establishes the relationship among displays and should reflect the relationships between functions and tasks to be performed through the Electronic Screen Displays.
26、A function/ task analysis and goal assessment based on plant operating procedures is recommended to determine the goals and tasks to be accomplished. Refer to ISA-RP77.60.05-2001(R2012), Fossil Fuel Power Plant, Human-Machine Interface: Task Analysis. ISA-TR77.60.04-2013 12 26 November 2013 Copyrigh
27、t 2013 ISA. All rights reserved. The display structure and organization, including access time to make appropriate control adjustments, should provide for operator response comparable to that of non-display-based, human-machine interface systems. To meet this requirement, the display structure must
28、be developed using a) clearly designed display accessing techniques; b) a set of well-structured display relationships, predictable and familiar to the user; c) standard display formats to increase speed of access to items within a display; d) logical grouping of functions and tasks that minimize me
29、morization of elements or results from previous displays; e) separation of overview graphics to simplify control graphics, preventing a “cluttering“ of information and facilitating quicker display updates; f) as few levels as possible going from the overview display to the detail displays; and g) co
30、nsistent use of colors, patterns, symbols, shapes, etc. throughout the entire set of graphics. Display structure provided with real-time digital control systems is most commonly organized in a hierarchical structure. Displays are grouped according to levels of detail where each display serves as a m
31、enu to information above or below its level. Using windowing techniques superimposes a sequential structure within the hierarchical structure, enabling the operator to access the requisite level of detail necessary to perform the required control functions (e.g., survey equipment status, get control
32、 help, select a transmitter, or call up a control face plate). Three levels are typical of many fossil-plant Electronic Screen Display structures as applied to the boiler/turbine and result in the following hierarchy: Unit Display: Unit overview. Unit master control provides the highest level monito
33、ring and control of major process-control functions. System Overview/ Summaries: Overview graphics will be needed to help spot abnormal conditions, control mode summaries, plant status, and plant-process variable summaries. Subsystem Control: Fuel, air, feedwater, condensate, etc. the main controls
34、for each supporting process Equipment Control: Mills, induced draft and forced draft fans, boiler feed, or condensate pumps, and associated control valves the lowest level of control on specific equipment Two additional Electronic Screen Display structure organizing approaches are a) sequential stru
35、cture, where movement from one display to the next is governed by a sequence. This technique is useful for procedural management of a plant such as a startup/shutdown sequence and is well applied when using pop-ups in a windowing environment; and 26 November 2013 13 ISA-TR77.60.04-2013 Copyright 201
36、3 ISA. All rights reserved. b) spatial structure, where the Electronic Screen Display structure matches a mental map of the physical layout of the system/plant that the user has. These techniques may be embedded as appropriate into a hierarchical display structure for the plant tasks to be managed.
37、5 Display access Display access provides the means by which the user navigates through the display structure. Ease of navigation is critical to the effectiveness of Electronic Screen Display structure. Electronic Screen Display planning and design must take full advantage of operating system feature
38、s for linking displays, including application software that enhances those features to provide a complete system of links and intelligent selection of targets. Some principle requirements for display access design are as follows: a) Information provided must include selections based on goal/function
39、/task analysis data (defined in Clause 4 ) with few user decisions. Critical information must be obtained within one or two selections. The systems response to the user must appear to be immediate or at least must provide some indication that processing is underway. b) Information called up for each
40、 selection must be obvious to the user based on clear and consistent labeling and/or coding. Care must be taken to prevent labeling or graphics from overshadowing the pertinent process data. c) Display access must be governed by consistent user actions to call-up windows/ displays (e.g., touch scree
41、n, mouse, keyboard, or any combination of these). d) Using access devices, such as a touch screen, mouse, trackball, or equivalent that keeps the users eyes focused on data/action areas is preferred to using a keyboard, which only uses function keys or standard keys for numerical or text messages en
42、tries (see operator entry techniques). Touch screen targets should be adequately sized to ensure selection on the first attempt to select on touch applications. Touch screen set up to select on release is recommended since it mimics the mouse and allows for the user to touch the screen and move the
43、cursor before taking action (on the release of the finger). It also allows the user to change his or her mind and release the finger in a safe area where no action will be performed. Tab-key cursor control is not recommended. 5.1 Standard navigation designs Various standard navigation designs for di
44、splay access are available for displaying user options and defining user actions for display call-up. These methods are discussed as follows in accordance with their suitability for real-time system operation: a) Display targets (hot spots) provide immediate access to any form of pop-up that, in tur
45、n, can include menu selections or appropriate control face plates for operator actions. Because of its fast response system, this approach is very suitable for the real-time user. b) Maps/Menus are a special form of display/pop-up by which a selected display can be called up by the user. These may i
46、nclude structured menu tables or menus coded by display elements (hot spots), which, in turn, can be used to make further selections. Consistency of symbolic representation and selection response is critical in using coded display elements. c) Context sensitive help allows help and associated displa
47、ys to be called up based on the current display or control face plate selected. These associated displays or pop-up windows can provide interlock, override, and/or permissive information for the associated device. ISA-TR77.60.04-2013 14 26 November 2013 Copyright 2013 ISA. All rights reserved. Prior
48、 to the widespread use and acceptance of touch screen and/or mouse-selected targets, command language, paging keys, and dedicated and variable function keys (in hardware) were commonly used as display access navigation aids. These approaches are less desirable today because they require the user to
49、focus attention away from the Electronic Screen Display. 6 Display types Many display types are used in large data monitoring and/or control systems for power plant control, dispatch, or other applications. These display types may include overviews, system summaries, process systems (mimics), controls, component status, menus and submenus, control sequencing status, historical and trend information, alarms, diagnostics, line safety and tieline flow summaries, energy costs, database point details, maintenance and red-tag (out of service) functions, help
