1、 TECHNICAL REPORT ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 Guide for Toxic Gas Detection as a Method of Personnel Protection A Technical Report prepared by ISA and registered with ANSI Approved 15 June 2014 ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014, Guide for Toxic Gas Detection as a Method of Personnel Protection ISBN: 978-0-87664
2、0-86-9 Copyright 2014 by ISA. All rights reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
3、the prior written permission of the Publisher. ISA 67 Alexander Drive P.O. Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 - 3 - ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 Preface This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-201
4、4. This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISA toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks t
5、hat they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standardsisa.org. The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for atten
6、tion to the metric system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric syste
7、m) in their business and professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical reports to the greatest extent possible. IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American Nation
8、al Standard for Metric Practice, and future revisions, will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors. It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and interests in the development of ISA standards, recom
9、mended practices, and technical reports. Participation in the ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by the employer of that individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical reports that ISA develops. CAUTION ISA DOES NOT T
10、AKE ANY POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE EXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS ASSERTED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT, AND ISA DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR THE INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. USERS ARE ADVISED THAT DETERMINATION OF THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS
11、 AND THE RISK OF INFRINGEMENT OF SUCH RIGHTS, IS ENTIRELY THEIR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. PURSUANT TO ISAS PATENT POLICY, ONE OR MORE PATENT HOLDERS OR PATENT APPLICANTS MAY HAVE DISCLOSED PATENTS THAT COULD BE INFRINGED BY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT AND EXECUTED A LETTER OF ASSURANCE COMMITTING TO THE GRANTIN
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14、IONS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH SUBMISSION OF A LETTER OF ASSURANCE, IF ANY, OR IN ANY LICENSING AGREEMENTS ARE REASONABLE OR NON-DISCRIMINATORY. ISA REQUESTS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS DOCUMENT WHO IS AWARE OF ANY PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DOCUMENT NOTIFY THE ISA STANDARDS AND
15、PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER. ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 - 4 - ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT. THE DOCUMENT CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE IN HAZA
16、RDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT MUST EXERCISE SOUND PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USERS PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OF ANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES BE
17、FORE IMPLEMENTING THIS DOCUMENT. The following people served as members of ISA Subcommittee ISA92. NAME COMPANY J. Miller, Chair Detector Electronics Corporation R. Seitz, Vice Chair Artech Engineering M. Coppler, Managing Director Det Norske Veritas Certification Inc. S. Baliga General Monitors W.
18、Bennett Mine Safety Appliances Co. T. Crawford Intertek Testing Services G. Garcha GE Power portable equipment; and transportable equipment. 1.5 This document is not intended to cover the following: a) Equipment intended only for the detection of combustible gases (refer to ANSI/ISA -12.13.01) b) Eq
19、uipment of laboratory or scientific type intended only for analysis or measurement purposes c) Equipment intended for mining applications d) Equipment intended for applications in explosives processing and manufacturing ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 - 14 - e) Equipment intended only for process control a
20、pplications. 2 References The following documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this doc
21、ument are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ANS
22、I maintains registers of currently valid US National Standards. ANSI/ISA-84.00.01 (IEC 61511-1 Mod), Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector Part 1: Framework, Definitions, System, Hardware and Software Requirements ISA-TR84.00.07, Guidance on the Evaluation of
23、 Fire, Combustible Gas and Toxic Gas System Effectiveness ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC) ANSI/NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code ANSI/ISA-92.00.01, Performance Requirements for Toxic Gas Detectors ANSI/ISA-92.00.02, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Toxic Gas-Detection Instrum
24、ents ISA-RP92.0.02, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Toxic Gas-Detection Instruments: Hydrogen Sulfide (recommended practice for this standard), establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of toxic gas-detection instruments ANSI/ISA-92.00.04, Performance Req
25、uirements for Open Path Toxic Gas Detectors ANSI/ISA-92.04.01, Performance Requirements for Instruments Used to Detect Oxygen-Deficient/Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Title 29, Part 1910.1000, Sub part Z Toxi
26、c and Hazardous Substances (including Table Z-1-A) Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environment Adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life o
27、r Health Concentrations (IDLHs) (NIOSH Taft Laboratories) EN 50270, Electromagnetic Compatibility Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases, Toxic Gases or Oxygen 3 Definitions For the purpose of this document, the definitions from ANSI/ISA-92.00.01 and ANSI/ISA-92.
28、00.04 apply except where definition is necessary as part of this document. - 15 - ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 3.1 action level level of exposure to a harmful substance or other hazard (present in a work environment or situation) at which an employer must take the required precautions to protect the wor
29、kers. It is normally one half of the permissible exposure limit. 3.2 adequate ventilation air flow rate to ensure toxic gas concentration is maintained below TWA level for the substance monitored 3.3 AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction) company assigned personnel or government agency representative t
30、hat is responsible for management of facility safety actions 3.4 C (Ceiling Level) the maximum level of exposure for a maximum time of 15 minutes, one time, during an eight hour shift 3.5 clean air air that is free of contaminants that will adversely affect the operation of or cause a response from
31、the equipment, or which might be detrimental to the health of personnel 3.6 diffusion a process by which the atmosphere being monitored is transported by natural random molecular movement to and from the gas-sensing element 3.7 IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) toxic gas concentration a
32、t or above the level that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment 3.8 Listed equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by a
33、n organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of Listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, mate
34、rial, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose 3.9 PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) time-weighted average (TWA) concentration that must not be exceeded during any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, as defined by the Occupa
35、tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 3.10 REL (Recommended Exposure Limit) exposure levels that are safe for various periods of employment, including but not limited to the exposure levels at which no employee will suffer impaired health or functional capacities or diminished life expectan
36、cy as a result of that work experience ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 - 16 - 3.11 system sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements for the purpose of taking the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated and/or create audible and/or visual alarms as appropriate for the loc
37、ation that alert personnel that the preset limits for safety have been violated 3.12 (TLV-)STEL, (Threshold Limit Value-) Short-Term Exposure Limit the concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from: irritation, chronic or irreversible ti
38、ssue damage or narcosis of sufficient degree increase likelihood of accidental injury (defined by ACGIH) NOTE 1 STEL is not a separate independent exposure limit, but supplements time-weighted average (TWA) limits where there are recognized acute effects from a substance whose toxic effects generall
39、y are chronic (long-term) in nature. NOTE 2 One cannot be exposed to an STEL concentration if the TLV-TWA (time weighted average) for an 8 hour shift would be exceeded. NOTE 3 Workers can be exposed to a maximum of four STEL periods per 8 hour shift, with at least 60 minu tes between exposure period
40、s. 3.13 test gas toxic gas diluted with clean air or inert gas to a known concentration within the test -gas tolerance stated in ANSI/ISA-92.00.01-2010 Annex A, Item 1 3.14 (TLV-)TWA, (Threshold Limit Value-) Time-Weighted Average the time-weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour work day
41、in a 40-hour work week, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day af ter day, without adverse effect 3.15 toxic gas toxic gases, for the purpose of this standard, are gases that may cause significant health effects at low concentrations. Health effects may include severe skin or eye
42、 irritation, pulmonary edema, neurotoxicity, or other potentially fatal conditions 4 Fixed installation Where toxic gas detection is intended as a method of personnel protection, which requires installation of toxic gas detection equipment, the conditions set forth in this section are recommended to
43、 be followed. Toxic gas detection may be used as a method of protection in the following types of locations: a) Interior of building. In an enclosed location at an industrial facility in which chemical materials are stored, handled, or processed in which toxic chemicals exist in quantities that if r
44、eleased into the atmosphere might create a hazardous condition, b) Interior of a building. In a building, at an industrial facility located in, or with an opening into, a building in which toxic chemicals are stored, handled or processed; location where the interior does not contain a source of toxi
45、c gas, c) Exterior to buildings. That portion of an industrial facility that is not enclosed within a building or structure in which toxic chemicals are stored or handled, such as tank farms and pressure vessels. - 17 - ANSI/ISA-TR92.00.03-2014 4.1 General Subclauses 4.1 through 4.4 provide general
46、recommended practices for applying toxic gas detection as a method of protection. Toxic gas detection alarm levels will be set at ppm (parts per million) levels. Setting of toxic alarm levels is very subjective. Evaluation of (TLV)-TWA, (TLV) STEL, and “C” ceiling levels are generally used to determ
47、ine alarm values for most toxic gases. Other toxic gas values to be evaluated are IDLH, PEL and REL. All alarm levels must be well below IDLH levels. In areas where the presence of flammable gas is likely to exist and flammable gas detection is used, these sensors might provide more sensitive detect
48、ion of toxic gases than would toxic gas sensors. It is important to evaluate the chemical makeup of all fluids involved in the process that could produce toxic gas or vapors. In some cases both combustible and toxic gas detection is required. 4.2 Criteria for use a) The criteria for use of toxic gas
49、 detection equipment as a method of protection include all of the following: The area to be protected 1) is an industrial establishment; 2) has restricted public access. b) System installation and maintenance are performed only by qualified and trained personnel. c) Alarm levels are selected by qualified personnel, specifically for the facility in which the toxic detectors are installed. d) The equipment should be permanently mounted and preferably Listed for the detection of the specific gas to be monitored as determined by qualified personnel or by the Authority Having Jurisdict
