1、 Recommendation ITU-R BO.1516-1(01/2012)Digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellites operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency rangeBO SeriesSatellite deliveryii Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and
2、economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performe
3、d by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to b
4、e used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found
5、. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radio
6、determination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SN
7、G Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this
8、 publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BO.1516-1 Digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellites operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range (Question ITU-R 285/4) (2001-2012) Scope This R
9、ecommendation proposes common functional requirements for four satellite digital multiprogramme reception systems for television, sound and data services. Annex 1 provides the common functional requirements for television transmissions through satellites operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range. T
10、he ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that digital multiprogramme systems have been designed for use by satellites in the 11/12 GHz frequency range; b) that these systems, being digital, provide significant advantages in service quality of video, sound and data, flexibility of use, spec
11、trum efficiency and emission robustness; c) that these systems provide for a multiplicity of services such as TV programmes, multimedia elements, data services, audio channels and the like in a single multiplex; d) that these systems are either in widespread operational use or are planned to be in o
12、perational use in the near future; e) that significant advances have been made in digital multiprogramme system technology following the development of former Recommendation ITU-R BO.1294, and these advances are embodied in the system described in Recommendation ITU-R BO.1408; f) that integrated cir
13、cuits compatible with some or all of the common elements of two or three of these systems have been designed, manufactured, and are in widespread use; g) that these systems have various distinguishing features that may make one or other of these systems more appropriate for the needs of an administr
14、ation; h) that Resolution ITU-R 1 states that “When Recommendations provide information on various systems relating to one particular radio application, they should be based on criteria relevant to the application, and should include, where possible, an evaluation of the recommended systems, using t
15、hose criteria”, recommends 1 that administrations wishing to implement digital multiprogramme television services via satellite should refer to the characteristics described in Annex 1, 4 as an aid in the selection of a specific system; 2 that one of the transmission systems described in Annex 1 sho
16、uld be selected when implementing digital multiprogramme television services via satellite; 2 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 3 that the common elements of the common functional requirements of a digital multiprogramme transmission system, as described in 3 of Annex 1, should serve as a basis for implementatio
17、n of the services in those areas where more than one system coexists or may coexist in the future. Annex 1 Common functional requirements for the reception of digital multiprogramme television emissions by satellite operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 5 2 The gene
18、ric reference model of digital multiprogramme transmission systems 6 2.1 Generic reference model . 6 2.2 Application to the satellite IRD 7 3 Common elements of digital multiprogramme transmission systems 9 3.1 Modulation/demodulation and coding/decoding 9 3.1.1 Modulation and demodulation . 9 3.1.2
19、 Matched filter . 11 3.1.3 Convolutional encoding and decoding . 11 3.1.4 Sync byte decoder 12 3.1.5 Convolutional de-interleaver 12 3.1.6 Reed-Solomon coder and decoder . 12 3.1.7 Energy dispersal removal . 12 3.2 Transport and demultiplexing . 13 3.3 Source coding and decoding of video, audio and
20、data . 13 3.3.1 Video 14 3.3.2 Audio 14 3.3.3 Data 14 4 Summary characteristics and the comparison of digital multiprogramme TV systems by satellite . 14 4.1 Summary system characteristics . 15 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 3 Page 4.2 Comparison of system characteristics 15 5 Specific characteristics . 23 5.
21、1 Signal spectrum of the different systems at the modulator output . 23 5.1.1 Signal spectrum for System A . 23 5.1.2 Signal spectrum for System B 25 5.1.3 Signal spectrum for System C 26 5.1.4 Signal spectrum for System D . 32 5.2 Convolutional coding 33 5.2.1 Convolutional coding characteristics f
22、or System A . 33 5.2.2 Convolutional coding characteristics for System B . 33 5.2.3 Convolutional coding characteristics for System C . 33 5.2.4 Convolutional coding characteristics for System D . 34 5.3 Synchronization characteristics 37 5.3.1 Synchronization characteristics for System A . 37 5.3.2
23、 Synchronization characteristics for System B . 37 5.3.3 Synchronization characteristics for System C . 37 5.3.4 Synchronization characteristics for System D . 39 5.4 Interleaver . 44 5.4.1 Convolutional interleaver for System A 44 5.4.2 Convolutional interleaver for System B . 45 5.4.3 Convolutiona
24、l interleaver for System C . 46 5.4.4 Block interleaver for System D 46 5.5 Reed-Solomon encoder . 48 5.5.1 Reed-Solomon encoder characteristics for System A 48 5.5.2 Reed-Solomon encoder characteristics for System B 48 5.5.3 Reed-Solomon encoder characteristics for System C 48 5.5.4 Reed-Solomon en
25、coder characteristics for System D 49 5.6 Energy dispersal 49 5.6.1 Energy dispersal for System A . 49 5.6.2 Energy dispersal for System B . 50 5.6.3 Energy dispersal for System C . 50 4 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 Page 5.6.4 Energy dispersal for System D . 51 5.7 Framing and transport stream characteristi
26、cs . 52 5.7.1 Framing and transport stream characteristics for System A 52 5.7.2 Framing and transport stream characteristics for System B. 52 5.7.3 Framing and transport stream characteristics for System C. 52 5.7.4 Framing and transport stream characteristics for System D 52 5.8 Control signals 53
27、 5.8.1 Control signals for System A . 53 5.8.2 Control signals for System B . 53 5.8.3 Control signals for System C . 53 5.8.4 Control signals for System D . 53 6 References 54 7 List of acronyms . 54 Appendix 1 to Annex 1 System B transport stream characteristics 55 1 Introduction 55 2 Prefix 56 3
28、Null and ranging packets 57 4 Video application packets . 59 4.1 Auxiliary data packets 60 4.2 Basic video service packets 63 4.3 Redundant data packets 64 4.4 Non-MPEG video data packets 65 5 Audio application packets 66 5.1 Auxiliary data packets 67 5.2 Basic audio service packets 67 5.3 Non-MPEG
29、audio data packets 68 6 Programme guide packets . 69 7 Transport multiplex constraints 70 7.1 Elementary stream multiplex constraint definition . 70 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 5 Page Appendix 2 to Annex 1 Control signal for System D . 71 1 Introduction 71 2 TMCC information encoding . 71 2.1 Order of chan
30、ge 72 2.2 Modulation-code combination information 72 2.3 TS identification . 73 2.4 Other information . 74 3 Outer coding for TMCC information . 74 4 Timing references . 74 5 Channel coding for TMCC . 74 Appendix 3 to Annex 1 Availability status of integrated circuits for common integrated receiver
31、decoder 75 1 Introduction 75 2 Analysis 76 3 Conclusions 76 1 Introduction Since their introduction, satellite digital TV systems have continued to demonstrate their ability to efficiently use the satellite frequency spectrum and the ability to deliver high quality services to consumers. Four of the
32、se systems have been described in Recommendations ITU-R BO.1211, former ITU-R BO.1294 and ITU-R BO.1408. With the aim to promote the convergence on a worldwide standard for satellite digital multiprogramme reception systems for television, sound and data services, the common functional requirements
33、for the reception of digital multiprogramme television emissions by satellite were described in former Recommendation ITU-R BO.1294. In this Recommendation, common functional requirements and common elements were defined for a satellite integrated receiver-decoder (IRD) operating in the 11/12 GHz fr
34、equency range. Use in other frequency ranges was not and is not excluded. Former Recommendation ITU-R BO.1294 took into account the single system described in Recommendation ITU-R BO.1211. 6 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 The common elements of the satellite IRD as defined in former Recommendation ITU-R BO.12
35、94 are capable of receiving emissions from three digital multiprogramme transmission systems. These systems were identified as Systems A, B and C. The common and unique elements of each of these systems were analysed, and it was concluded that practical implementation of the common elements of a sat
36、ellite IRD was feasible. Since that time, the continued development of integrated circuits for use in these systems has clearly demonstrated this finding, with many integrated circuits now available that are compatible with the common elements of two or all three of these systems. A fourth system ha
37、s since been developed, and is described in Recommendation ITU-R BO.1408. It too shares the same common elements described in former Recommendation ITU-R BO.1294. It represents an advancement of the technology of these digital multiprogramme systems. It provides such added features as the ability to
38、 simultaneously support multiple modulation types, an hierarchical modulation scheme, and the ability to handle multiple Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) transport streams within a given carrier. In the following sections of this Annex the common functional requirements and elements of these syst
39、ems are briefly reviewed, and the functions of a generic digital multiprogramme transmission system are briefly described. A summary and detailed system level characteristics of each of these four systems are also provided. These system level parameters are applicable to the implementation of either
40、 the transmission equipment or the integrated receiver decoder. 2 The generic reference model of digital multiprogramme transmission systems 2.1 Generic reference model A generic reference model for the common functional requirements of a digital multiprogramme transmission system has been produced.
41、 This generic reference model has been shown to be applicable to all of the four systems described herein. The generic reference model has been defined based on the common functions required over all layers of a digital multiprogramme transmission system protocol stack. It can be used to define the
42、common functions required in an IRD for the reception of these transmissions. For reference, Fig. 1 presents the typical IRD protocol stack which is based on the following layers: Physical and link layers covering the typical front-end functions: carrier generation and carrier reception (tuning), qu
43、adrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation and demodulation, convolutional encoding and decoding, interleaving and de-interleaving, Reed-Solomon encoding and decoding, and energy dispersal application and removal. Transport layer responsible for the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the differen
44、t programs and components as well as the packetization and depacketization of the information (video, audio and data). Conditional access functions which control the operation of the external encryption and decryption functions and associated control functions (common interface for conditional acces
45、s as an option). Network services performing video and audio coding and decoding as well as the management of electronic programme guide (EPG) functions and service information and, optionally, data decoding. Presentation layer responsible, among other things, for the user interface, operation of th
46、e remote control, etc. Customer services covering the different applications based on video, audio and data. Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 7 FIGURE 1 Typical IRD protocol stack Video Audio DataOutput circuitryUserinterface- EPG- Service information- Other network servicesVideodecodingAudiodecodingDatadecodin
47、gCA controlDecryptionAudiopacketsVideopacketsDatapacketsReed-Solomon decodingTransport demultiplexing*Energy dispersal removal*Convolutional decoding/de-interleavingDemodulation (e.g. QPSK/BPSK/TC8-PSK)COAX (L-band)Block converter/antennaCustomerservicesPresentationlayerNetworkservicesConditionalacc
48、essTransportlayerLinklayerPhysicallayerRemote controlCustomerTV, PC, etc.(Control/changeconfiguration)Transmissioncontrolsignal*BPSK: binary PSKTC8-PSK: trellis-coded 8-PSK* Only present in System D.* Not present in System B.2.2 Application to the satellite IRD Based on the protocol stack, the gener
49、ic block diagram for the satellite IRD (Fig. 2) can be derived. This is useful in demonstrating how the common elements are organized within the IRD. 8 Rec. ITU-R BO.1516-1 FIGURE 2 Generic reference model for a satellite IRD Sourcedecodingvideo/audio/dataTransportanddemuxDemodulationanddecodingSat-tunerCARAMOutput interfacesIRD core functionsMicro-controller+memoryInteractive moduleOperative system+applicationsEPG-SIDisplayandcommandsOther functions:teletext .Additional essential functionsTwo types of functions are iden
