1、 Recommendation ITU-R BO. 1784-1 (12/2016) Digital satellite broadcasting system with flexible configuration (television, sound and data) BO Series Satellite delivery ii Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and econom
2、ical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by W
3、orld and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used
4、 for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Seri
5、es of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodeterm
6、ination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Sate
7、llite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publi
8、cation may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BO.1784-1 Digital satellite broadcasting system with flexible configuration (television, sound and data) (Question ITU-R 285/4) (2007-2016) Scope This Recommendation is i
9、ntended for the digital broadcasting-satellite service (BSS), when high flexibility in the system configuration and broadcasting interactivity is of importance allowing for a wide-ranging trade-off between operation under minimal C/N levels or maximum transmission capacity. Keywords HDTV, UHDTV, sat
10、ellite, broadcasting, channel bonding, DVB-S2, DVB-S2X Abbreviations/Glossary AAC Advanced Audio Coding ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation ALS Audio Lossless coding APSK Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AVC Advanced Video Coding AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BB Ba
11、seBand BCH code Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem code BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BSS Broadcasting-Satellite Service CCM Constant Coding and Modulation C/N Carrier to Noise Ratio CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering DTH Direct To Home DVB Digital Video Broadcasting project
12、DVB S DVB System for satellite broadcasting DVB S2 Second generation DVB System for satellite broadcasting and unicasting DVB S2X Extensions of the second generation DVB System for satellite broadcasting and unicasting FEC Forward Error Correction 2 Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 FPGA Field Programmable Gate
13、Array GF Galois Field GS Generic Stream GSE Generic Stream Encapsulation HDTV High Definition Television HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding IBO Input Back Off IP Internet Protocol IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder LDPC Low Density Parity Check LNB Low Noise Block MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group OBO O
14、utput Back Off PL Physical Layer PSK Phase Shift Keying PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QEF Quasi Error Free QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RF Radio Frequency RS Reed Solomon SDTV Standard Definition Television SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SOF Start of Frame T
15、S Transport Stream TV Television TWTA Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier UHDTV Ultra-High Definition Television VCM Variable Coding and Modulation VL-SNR Very Low - Signal to Noise Ratio VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal Related ITU Recommendations, Reports Recommendation ITU R BO.1408-1 Transmission sys
16、tem for advanced multimedia services provided by integrated services digital broadcasting in a broadcasting-satellite channel Recommendation ITU R BO.1516-1 Digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellites operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 3 The ITU Radio
17、communication Assembly, considering a) that the digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellites have been developed in Recommendations ITU-R BO.1408 and ITU-R BO.1516, which are referred to as the current systems; b) that recent developments in the field of channel coding and modulat
18、ion have produced new techniques with performances approaching the Shannon limit; c) that these new digital techniques would offer better spectrum and/or power efficiency, in comparison to the current systems, whilst maintaining the possibility to be flexibly configured to cope with the specific sat
19、ellite bandwidth and power resources; d) that the recommended system makes use of such techniques and thus allows for a wide-ranging trade-off between operation under minimal C/N levels or maximum transmission capacity, achieving appreciable gain over DVB-S (System A in Recommendation ITU-R BO.1516)
20、 depending on the selected DVB-S2 mode; e) that the recommended system was developed to cover not only broadcasting, but also interactivity and contribution applications, such as contribution TV links and digital satellite news gathering (DSNG); f) that a system covering all these application areas
21、while keeping the single-chip decoder at reasonable complexity levels, would enable the reuse of the development for the mass market products for contribution or niche applications; g) that the new adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technique offered by the recommended system would allow a more ef
22、ficient spectrum utilization for unicast applications in connection with a return path, through the optimization of the transmission parameters (i.e. modulation and coding) for each individual user, dependent on path conditions; h) that the recommended system accommodates any input stream format, in
23、cluding single or multiple Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Transport Streams (characterized by 188-byte packets), IP as well as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) packets and continuous bit-streams; i) that the recommended system would be capable to handle the variety of advanced audiovisual forma
24、ts currently available and under definition; j) that new extensions to the recommended system offers improved performance and features for its core applications, including Direct to Home (DTH) broadcasting of Ultra-High Definition Television (UHDTV), and also provides an extended operational range t
25、o cover emerging markets such as mobile applications, further considering a) that an ITU system Recommendation helps the market in establishing services based on standardized systems, thus avoiding the proliferation of proprietary developments, which is of benefit to both the end users and the indus
26、try in general; b) that, in spite of the success of the current systems, a new specification to enable delivery of a significantly higher data rate in a given transponder bandwidth than the current systems are able to do, is appreciated by many satellite broadcasters, operators and manufacturers aro
27、und the world; c) that the requirement to offer high-definition television (HDTV) and UHDTV services will force broadcasters to look for more efficient methods of carrying these services within the existing transponders; 4 Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 d) that the inherent flexibility of the recommended syst
28、em and of its extensions would provide means to alleviate the influence of the atmospheric attenuations at the higher broadcasting-satellite service (BSS) bands, which are intended to be used for HDTV services and beyond, recommends 1 that the DVB-S2 system specified in ETSI EN 302 307-1 V 1.4.1 (se
29、e Attachment 1) may be considered as a suitable system for the development of a system for satellite broadcasting with flexible configuration;1 2 that the DVB-S2X system specified in ETSI EN 302 307-2 V1.1.1 (see Attachment 2) may be considered as a suitable system for the development of a system fo
30、r satellite broadcasting with improved performance and features.1 NOTE 1 A description of the recommended system DVB-S2 (System E1) is provided in Annex 1, a description of the extensions DVB-S2X to the recommended system (System E2) is provided in Annex 2, while Annex 3 contains comparison tables w
31、hich list the recommended systems (Systems E1 and E2) along with the systems contained in Recommendation ITU-R BO.1516 (Systems A, B, C, D). Annex 1 Main characteristics of the DVB-S2 system (referred to as System E1) DVB-S2 is the second-generation specification for satellite broadband applications
32、 developed by the DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project in 2003 and became ETSI standard EN 302 307 in 2004. EN 302 307 specifies framing structure, channel coding and modulation for different types of satellite applications: broadcasting of standard definition and high-definition TV (SDTV and HD
33、TV); interactivity (including Internet access) for satellite broadcasting applications (for integrated receivers-decoders (IRDs) and personal computers); contribution applications, such as digital TV contribution, distribution and news gathering; data content distribution and internet trunking. To b
34、e able to cover all the application areas while still keeping the single-chip decoder at reasonable complexity levels, DVB-S2 is structured as a tool-kit, thus enabling the use of mass market products also for contribution or niche applications. The DVB-S2 system has been specified around three conc
35、epts: best transmission performance, approaching Shannon limit, total flexibility and reasonable receiver complexity. To achieve the best performance-complexity trade-off, achieving an appreciable capacity gain over DVB-S for conventional broadcast applications, DVB-S2 benefits from more recent deve
36、lopments in channel coding and modulation: low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are adopted combined with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-PSK, 16-APSK (amplitude and phase shift keying) and 32-APSK modulations, for the system to properly work on the non-linear satellite channel. 1 The word
37、“shall” in this ETSI standard should be considered as “should” in this ITU-R Recommendation. Rec. ITU-R BO.1784-1 5 Framing structure allows maximum flexibility for a versatile system and synchronization also in worst-case configurations (low signal-to-noise ratios, SNR). For interactive point-to-po
38、int applications such as IP unicasting in connection with a return path, the adoption of the ACM functionality allows to optimize the transmission parameters for each individual user on a frame-by-frame basis, dependant on path conditions, under closed-loop control via the return channel (connecting
39、 the receiver to the DVB-S2 uplink station via terrestrial or satellite links, signalling the receiver reception condition). This results in a further increase of the spectrum utilization efficiency of DVB-S2 over DVB-S, allowing the optimization of the space segment design, thus making possible a d
40、rastic reduction of the cost of satellite-based IP services. DVB-S2 is so flexible that it can cope with any existing satellite transponder characteristics, with a large variety of spectrum efficiencies and associated SNR requirements. Furthermore it is designed to handle the variety of advanced aud
41、io-video formats currently under definition by the international bodies. DVB-S2 accommodates any input stream format, including single or multiple MPEG Transport Streams (characterized by 188-byte packets), IP as well as ATM packets and continuous bit-streams. The DVB-S2 system structure The DVB-S2
42、system is composed of a sequence of functional blocks, as described in Fig. 1. Signal generation is based on two levels of framing structures: BBFRAME at baseband (BB) level, carrying a variety of signalling bits, to configure the receiver flexibly according to the application scenario; PLFRAME at p
43、hysical layer (PL) level, carrying few highly-protected signalling bits, to provide robust synchronization and signalling at the physical layer. FIGURE 1 Functional block diagram of the DVB-S2 system B O . 1 7 8 4 - 0 1Si n g l ei n p u ts t reamM u l t i p l ei n p u ts t re amsIn p u ti n t erfac
44、eI n p u ts t r e a ms y n c h r o n erizN ul l - pa c ke tde l e t i on( A C M , T S )CRC-8en co d erBu fferBBs i g n al i n glMerg ers l i cerI np uti nt e r f a c eI n p u ts t r e a ms y n c h r o n i erzN ul l - pa c ke tde l e t i on( A C M , T S )CRC-8en co d erBu fferD o t t ed s u b -s y s
45、t ems aren o t rel ev an t fo rs i n g l e t ran s p o rt s t reamb ro ad ca s t i n gap p l i cat i o n sP A D D E RBBS C R A M -B L E RBCHen co d er(n , k )bc bc hhL D PCen co d er(n , k )l ldpc dpcBi ti n t er-l eav erBi tmap p eri n t oco n s t el -l at i o n sQ PSK ,8 PSK ,1 6 A PSK ,3 2 A PSKR
46、at es 1 / 4 , 1 / 3 , 2 / 51 / 2 , 3 / 5 , 2 / 3 , 3 / 4 , 4 / 5 ,5 / 6 , 8 / 9 , 9 / 1 0St reamad ap t at i o nF en co d i n gECMap p i n gD u m m yP L F R A M Ei n s e r t i o nPL FRA MIN GPLS C R A M -B L E RPL s i g n al l i n g furthermore, the transmitted signal can contain a mix of normal and
47、 short code blocks. Mapping can be chosen among QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-APSK and 32-APSK constellations (see Fig. 2), depending on the application area. QPSK and 8-PSK are typically proposed for broadcast applications, since they are virtually constant envelope modulations and can be used in non-linear sate
48、llite transponders driven near saturation. The 16-APSK and 32-APSK modes, mainly targeted to contribution applications, can also be used for broadcasting, but these require a higher level of available C/N and the adoption of advanced pre-distortion methods in the uplink station to minimize the effec
49、t of transponder non-linearity. Whilst these modes are not as power efficient as the other modes, the spectrum efficiency is much greater. The 16-APSK and 32-APSK constellations have been optimized to operate over a non-linear transponder by placing the points on circles. Nevertheless their performances on a linear channel are comparable with those of 16-QAM and 32-QAM respectively. By selecting the modulation constellation and code rates, spectrum efficiencies from 0.5 to 4.5 bits per symbol are available and can be chosen dependant on the capabilities and restrictions of t
