1、 Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BR.1375-3*High-definition television (HDTV) digital recording formats (Question ITU-R78/6) (1998-2001-2002-2007) Scope This Recommendation is intended to provide end users with an overview of currently available tape-recording formats for HDTV signals. Th
2、e ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the common image format, having 1 080 1 920 square pixels, is now recommended as the image capture format for HDTV; b) that the digital broadcasting service for HDTV programmes has gained in momentum. There are many services in operation or bein
3、g planned in many countries; c) that various analogue and digital format video tape recorders (VTRs) for HDTV tape recording have been developed, and the analogue formats are being replaced with digital formats; d) that many countries hold large archives of valuable, irreplaceable HDTV programmes, b
4、ased on the signal formats defined in Recommendation ITU-R BT.709, Part 1; e) that analogue HDTV open-reel recording formats are considered to be obsolete for use in programme production today, and technical support for many analogue formats is no longer offered; f) that digital recording of HDTV pr
5、ogrammes is now widely used in HDTV production and post-production; g) that there are several types of equipment available for digital HDTV recording today, that differ in the recording medium (e.g. cassette, optical disc, or solid-state memory), in recording format (e.g. use or not of bit-rate comp
6、ression) and in recorder type (e.g. deck or portable camcorder); h) that bit-rate compression techniques based on DCT and VLC coding can provide highly efficient methods of recording HDTV programmes, whose source data rate exceeds 2 Gbit/s; j) that the operational and handling characteristics of dig
7、ital HDTV VTRs have improved to the point that they can be used not only in the studios but also in the field as part of camcorders, with a level of convenience similar to that of conventional SDTV VTRs; k) that HDTV cameras using two-million pixel CCD imaging devices and digital signal processing w
8、ith advanced VLSI chip(s) can provide high quality HDTV pictures while offering the operating features and small size of conventional cameras; l) that the use of 24 frame formats will be used to supplement and augment film production, *This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of the In
9、ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). 2 Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 recommends 1 that digital HDTV recording should be preferred for HDTV programme origination and production, and for storage for programme exchange; 2 that analogue HDTV tape recordings should preferably be transferred to a digital
10、 recording format for post-processing and archiving; 3 that the 1 080 1 920 common image format specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.709, Part 2 shall be preferred for HDTV recording, while the other image formats specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.709, Part 1 will retain their value especially in
11、 view of the need to ensure the possibility of reusing archived HDTV programme assets; 4 that HDTV programmes intended for extensive and complex post-processing should preferably be recorded on a digital format that does not use lossy compression, while HDTV programmes intended for limited or no pos
12、t-processing should preferably be recorded on a digital format, which may use a modest amount of compression; 5 that for the purpose of international programme exchange1, operators should take into account that, at the present time and depending on the application, the three HDTV recording formats g
13、enerally known as HDCAM-SR, HDCAM and HD-D5 are the ones in most widespread use.2NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the fact that analogue formats are no longer in use, and that some early digital formats are no longer available or in use. NOTE 2 The Tables in Appendix 1 recall specifications of available
14、 recording formats for programme production in the HDTV formats specified in the latest version of Recommendation ITU-R BT.709. Appendix 1 Among the various recording formats listed in the Tables of this Appendix, there are three predominant formats available for international exchange for HDTV reco
15、rdings. These are those generally known as HDCAM-SR, HDCAM and HD-D5. Each of these formats has their own design objectives, as each data rate shows. A lower data rate gained from a higher compression ratio provides a longer recording time and is suitable for handy camcorder operations. A higher dat
16、a rate provides a better picture quality suitable for subsequent video processing and is suitable for studio operation. Some key parameters for these three formats are shown for information in Table 1. All formats are described in the other Tables of this Appendix. 1International programme exchange
17、is defined as the transmission of television or sound programme material (or components thereof) among professional parties in different countries. It should be based on internationally agreed and widely employed technical standards or operating practices, except by prior bilateral agreement among t
18、he parties involved. 2This provision is not intended to exclude the possibility that other formats may be used in house, or for programme exchange subject to mutual agreement among the parties concerned. Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 3 TABLE 1 Major specifications of the recommended HDTV recording formats Ma
19、nufacture specification HDCAM-SR HDCAM HD-D5 Quantization 10 8 10 or 8 Compression 1/2 for HQ(1)mode 1/2.7 for SQ(2)mode 1/7 1/5 for 10 bits 1/4 for 8 bits Sampling structure 4:4:4 for HQ mode 4:2:2 for SQ mode 3:1:1 4:2:2 DCT (luminance) 1/2 for HQ mode 1/2.7 for SQ mode 1/3.6 1/5 for 10 bits 1/4 f
20、or 8 bits DCT (chrominance) 1/2 for HQ mode 1/2.7 for SQ mode 1/7.2 1/5 for 10 bits 1/4 for 8 bits Video specification Data rate (Mbit/s) 880 for HQ mode 440 for SQ mode 140 235 Bit/sample 24 20 20 or 24 Number of AES3(3)channels 6 2 2 or 4 Audio specification Multi-channel audio and/or AES3/EBU non
21、-audio data Yes L 254 145 25 254 145 25 296 167 25 M None None 212 124 25 Size of cassette (mm) S 156 96 25 156 96 25 161 98 25 Recording/ playback length System (see Recommendation ITU-R BT.709, Part 2) 24*/25/P 30/P* 50/I/P 60/I/P* 25/P 30/P* 50/I 60/I* 25/P 30/P* 50/I 60/I* L 148 124 148 124 148
22、124 148 124 148 124 148 124 M - - - - - - - - 75 63 75 63 Time (min) S 48 40 48 40 48 40 48 40 27 23 27 23 NOTE 1 The mark “*” shows inclusion of the frame or field frequency having those values divided by 1.001. S: small, M: medium, L: large. (1)HQ (high quality) mode allowing for 2 speed recording
23、 yielding 880/738 Mbit/s to tape with a 2:1 compression ratio in full band RGB 4:4:4, and 3D mode. (2)SQ (standard quality) providing 440/369 Mbit/s video payload to tape in both 4:4:4 or 4:2:2. (3)An AES3 channel may carry two linear PCM audio channels or it may carry data as indicated by status ch
24、annel bit 1. 4 Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 The following Tables describe the major features and specifications for the available HDTV storage devices: Table 2: Digital tape recorder for 1125/60 (59.94) Overview Table 3: Digital VTR for 1125/60 (59.94) Details Table 4: Digital tape recorder for 1125/50 Over
25、view Table 5: Digital VTR for 1125/50 Details TABLE 2 Digital tape recorder for 1125/60 (59.94) Overview Compressed/non-compressed Compressed Non-compressed Package type Cassette Cassette Manufacture specification HDCAM-SR HDCAM HD-D5 DVCPRO HD/HD-LP D6(1)Recording/playback time (maximum) 40/124 min
26、 40/124 min 23/63/124 min 46/92/126 min 8/28/64 min Luminance (MHz) 30 23 30 20 30 Video bandwidth Chrominance (MHz) 15 7 15 10 15 Number of active lines 1080 1080 Audio specification Number of AES3 channels 6 2 2 or 4 4 5 Sampling frequency 48 kHz, 24 bits 48 kHz, 20 bits 48 kHz, 20 or 24 bits 48 k
27、Hz, 16 bits 48 kHz, 20/24 bits Ancillary data Capacity 14.4 kbytes/Frame 1.53 kbytes/Frame 5.8 kbytes/Frame 7.4 kbytes/Frame 38.4 kbytes/Frame Media Tape width (mm) 12.65 6.35 19.01 Size of cassette (mm) S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 161 98 M: 212 124 L: 296 167 L: 125 78 XL: 172 102
28、S: 172 109 M: 254 150 L: 366 206 Substance Metal particle Metal particle Application example Camcorder Camcorder Portable Camcorder Studio deck (1) The D6 format is included in this Table only for information purposes, as it is rarely used. Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 5 TABLE 3 Digital VTR for 1125/60 (59.
29、94) Details Manufacture specification HDD/HDDP HDCAM-SR HDCAM HD-D5 DVCPRO HD/HD-LP Video (MHz) 74.25 (74.25/1.001) Sampling frequency Audio (kHz) 48 Video (bits) 8 10 8 10/8 8 Quantization Audio (bits) 20 24 20 20/24 16 Number of AES3 channels 4 (Digital) + 1 (Analogue) 6 2 2 or 4 4 Compression N.A
30、. Intra field/ frame 1/2.7 Intra field/ frame 1/7 Intra field 1/5 (10 bits); 1/4 (8 bits) Intra frame 1/10 Sampling structure 4:2:2 4:4:4 HQ 4:2:2 SQ 3:1:1 4:2:2 2.7:1.3:1.3 DCT (luminance) N.A. 1/2.7 SQ 1/3.6 1/5;1/4 1/6.6 Video specification DCT (chrominance)N.A. 1/2.7 SQ 1/7.2 1/5;1/4 1/6.6 Chann
31、el coding 8-8 map S-NRZ S-NRZI 8-14 map 24-25 I-NRZI Total rate (Mbit/s) 1 188 593 SQ 1 186 HQ 185 301 167 Video rate (Mbit/s) 958.5 440 SQ 880 HQ 140 235 100 Number of recording RF channels 8 4 4 (camcorder)/ 2 (studio) 4 4 (camcorder)/ 2 (studio) Inner 110, 104 244, 228 231, 219 95, 87 85, 77 ECC
32、Outer 64, 60 126, 114 250, 226 128, 120 149, 138 Drum diameter (mm) 134.6 81.4 81.4 76.0 21.7 Drum rotation (rps) 120 90 SQ 180 HQ 45 (camcorder)/ 90 (studio) 90 150 (camcorder)/ 300 (studio) Number of tracks (/field) 16 12 6 12 40/frame Tape speed (mm/s) 805.2 117.62 SQ 235 HQ 96.8 167.228 135.28 T
33、rack pitch (m) 37 13.2 21.7 20.0 18 Minimum wavelength (m) 0.69 0.294 0.49 0.63 0.49 Tape width (mm) 25.4 12.65 12.65 6.35 Media substance Metal particle Tape Hc (kA/m) 115 215 135 143 184 Cassette size (mm) 11.75/14 in. reel S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 161 98 M: 212 124 L: 296 167
34、L: 125 78 Recording time (min) 63/94 40/124 40/124 32/63/124 46 ECC: error correction code N.A.: not applicable. 6 Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 TABLE 4 Digital tape recorder for 1125/50 Overview Compressed/non-compressed Compressed Package type Cassette Manufacture specification HDCAM-SR HDCAM HD-D5 DVCPRO
35、HD Recording/playback time (maximum) 48/148 min 48/148 min 27/75/148 min 46 min Luminance (MHz) 30 23 30 23 Chrominance (MHz) 15 7 15 11 Nominal video bandwidth Number of active lines 1080 Number of AES3 channels 6 2 4 Audio specification Audio sampling 48 kHz, 24 bits 48 kHz, 16 bits Ancillary data
36、 Capacity 14.4 kbytes/ Frame 1.5 kbytes/ Frame 5.8 kbytes/ Frame 8.9 kbytes/ Frame Tape width (mm) 12.65 12.65 12.65 6.35 Size of cassette (mm) S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 161 98 M: 212 124 L: 296 167 L: 125 78 Media Substance Metal particle Rec. ITU-R BR.1375-3 7 TABLE 5 Digital VT
37、R for 1125/50 Details Manufacture specification HDCAM-SR HDCAM HD-D5 DVCPRO HD/HD-LP Video (MHz) 74.25 Sampling frequency Audio (kHz) 48 Video (bits) 10 8 8/10 8 Quantization Audio (bits) 24 20 24 16 Number of AES3 channels 6 2 4 Compression Intra field/frame 1/2.7 Intra field/frame 1/7 Intra field
38、1/5 (10 bits); 1/4 (8 bits) Intra frame 1/8.9 Sampling structure 4:4:4 HQ 4:2:2 SQ 3:1:1 4:2:2 3:1.5:1.5 DCT (luminance) 1/2.7 SQ 1/3.6 1/5;1/4 1/6.6 Video parameters DCT (chrominance) 1/2.7 SQ 1/7.2 1/5;1/4 1/6.6 Channel coding S-NRZ S-NRZI 8-14 map 24-25 I-NRZI Total rate (Mbit/s) 495 SQ 990 HQ 15
39、4 269 167 Video rate (Mbit/s) 369 SQ 738 HQ 117 196 100 Number of recording RF channels 4 4/2 4 4 (camcorder)/2 (studio) Inner 244, 228 231, 219 95, 87 85, 87 ECC Outer 126, 114 250, 226 128, 120 149, 138 Drum diameter (mm) 81.4 81.4 76.0 21.7 Drum rotation (rps) 75 SQ 150 HQ 37.5/75 75 150 (camcord
40、er)/ 300 (studio) Number of tracks (/field) 12 6 12 48/frame Tape speed (mm/s) 98.115 SQ 196.2 HQ 80.7 139.496 135.415 Track pitch (m) 13.2 21.7 20 18 Minimum wavelength (m) 0.294 0.49 0.59 0.49 Tape width (mm) 12.65 12.65 6.35 Media substance Metal particle Tape Hc (kA/m) 215 135 143 184 Cassette size (mm) S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 156 96 L: 254 145 S: 161 98 M: 212 124 L: 296 167 125 78 Recording time (min) 48/148 48/148 27/75/148 46
