1、I NTE RN AT1 ON AL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU -R R ECOM M EN DATIONS (New and revised as of 21 October 1995) Rec. ITU-R BS.705-1 HF TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ANTENNAS CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGRAMS Rec. ITU-R BS.1195 TRANSMITTING ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS AT VHF AND UHF RADIOCOMMUNICATION ASSEMBLY - G
2、eneva 1995 COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesTTU-R RECMN*BS.705 -1 75 I 4855212 0526307 368 I I J n COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R PU
3、BLICATIONS Radiocommunication Assembly 1995 BOOK of Resolutions and Opinions 1995 FASCICLES OF NEW AND REVISED ITU-R RECOMMENDATIONS* SM SERIES (SG 1) IS SERIES (SG 2) P SERES (SG 3) S SERIES (SG 4) SNG SERIES (SG 4) TF SERIES (SG 7) SA SERIES (SG 7) RA SERIES (SG 7) M SERIES - Part 1 (SG 8) M SERIE
4、S - Part 2 (SG 8) M SERIES - Part 3 (SG 8) M SERIES - Part 4 (SG 8) M SERIES - Part 5 (SG 8) F SERIES - Part 1 (SG 9) F SERIES -Part 2 (SG 9) SF SERIES (SG 4-9) BS SERIES (SG 10) Rec. ITU-R BS.705-1 and Rec. ITU-R BS.1195 BT SERIES (SG 11) BO SERIES (SG 10-11s) BR SERIES (SG 10-1 1R) Spectrum manage
5、ment Inter-service sharing and compatibility Radiowave propagation Fixed-satellite service Satellite news gathering Time signals and frequency standards emissions Space applications and meteorology Radioastronomy Land mobile service excluding Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems (FPLM
6、TS) Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS) Maritime mobile service and aeronautical mobile service Radiodetermination service Mobile satellite services and radiodetermination satellite service Fixed service - Radio-relay systems Fixed service - HF systems Frequency sharing betw
7、een the fixed-satellite service and the fixed service Broadcasting service (sound) HF transmitting and receiving antennas characteristics and diagrams - Transmitting antenna characteristics at VHF and UHF Broadcasting service (television) Broadcasting-satellite service (sound and television) Sound a
8、nd television recording * The 1994 Volumes remain in force and contain ail those Recommendations which have not been revised in 1995. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling Services ITU-R RECUN*BS-705 -1 95 48552112 0.52631111 TLb COP
9、YRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*BS-705 -I 95 m 4855232 0526332 952 = SM.433-5 P.434-6 V Vol. SM 1994 Fax. P 1995 The distrih M.219-1 SM.239-2 wtion of the texts within the Volumesf Vol. MP3 1994 Vol. SM 1994 1
10、F.383-5 F.384-6 ?ascicles Vol. FFI 1994 Fasc.FP1 1995 I Rec. ITU-R 1 Publication I F.385-6 F.387-7 F.386-4 F.388 Rec. ITU-R I Publication I Vol. FP1 1994 Fasc.FP1 1995 - Vol. FPl 1994 Vol. IX-I 1990 Rec. ITU-R I Publication S.483-2 S.484-3 I BS.48-2 I Vol. BS 1994 I Vol. S 1994 Vol. S 1994 SA.362-2
11、I Vol. SA 1994 SA.363-5 I Vol. SA 1994 TF.485-2 TF.486-1 M.488-1 M.489-2 Vol. TF 1994 Vol. TF 1994 Vol. MP3 1994 FK. M/P3 1995 SM.508 SA.509-1 Vol. SM 1994 Vol. SA 1994 I BS.80-3 I Vol. BS 1994 I I F.106-1 I Vol. JII 1990 I I SA.364-5 I Vol. SA 1994 I I PI.435-7 I SUPRA-95 i SA.367 SUP RA-95 P.368-7
12、 Vol. PN 1994 P.369-6 Vol. PN 1994 S P.370-7 Fasc. P 1995 I F.436-4 I Fasc. FP1 1995 I I M.441-1 I Vol. MP3 1994 I 16-2 I Vol. BS 1994 M.218-2 I Vol. MP3 1994 P.371-7 I Fasc. P 1995 P.372-6 I Vol. PI 1994 BS.450-2 I Fasc. BS 1995 P.452-7 I Fasc. P 1995 I P.453-5 I Fax. P 1995 1 F.240-6 Vol. F/P2 199
13、4 I V.461-5 I Vol. V 1994 1 F.268-1 Vol. IX-I 1990 I F.270-2 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I F.382-6 I Vol. FPl 1994 I I F.463-1 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I F.275-3 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I S.464-2 I Vol. S 1994 1 I S.465-5 I Vol. S 1994 F.290-3 Vol. IX-I 1990 I F.306 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I F.389-2 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I BT.
14、470-4 I Fasc. BT 1995 I P.313-8 Fasc. P 1995 F.392 Vol. FE1 1994 rF.395-2 %l. IX-I 1990 1 I SM.328-8 I Vol. SM 1994 I I F.396-1 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I F.480 I Vol. III 1990 S.481-2 I Vol. S 1994 I SM.329-6 I Vol. SM 1994 I I F.397-3 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I I SM.331-4 I Vol. SM 1994 I F.398-3 I Vol. IX-I 1990
15、 I I S.482-2 I Vol. S 1994 1 F.403-3 Vol. IX-T 1990 I P.341-4 I Fasc. P 1995 I F.404-2 I Vol. IX-I 1990 F.405- 1 I Vol. IX-I 1990 I F.342-2 I Vol. FP2 1994 I M.490 I Vol. MP3 1994 M.491-1 I Vol. MP3 1994 I SF.406-8 I Vol. SF 1994 1 I M.492-6 1 Fasc. M/P3 1995 I I S.352-4 I Vol. S 1994 I BS.412-7 I F
16、asc. BS 1995 BS.415-2 I Vol. BS 1994 I S.353-8 I Vol. S 1994 I F.497-5 Fasc.FP1 1995 I BT.417-4 I Vol. BT 1994 I 1 BR.501-2 I Vol.BR 1994 I I SF.357-3 I Vol. SF 1994 1 I SF.358-5 I Fasc. SF 1995 I V.431-6 I Vol. V 1994 I COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicense
17、d by Information Handling Services - ITU-R RECMN*BS.705 -I 95 m 48552112 0526333 899 P.581-2 Vol. PN 1994 TF.582-1 Vol. TF 1994 . S.522-5 S.523-4 S.524-5 P.525-2 P.526-4 P.527-3 Vol. S 1994 Vol. S 1994 Vol. S 1994 Vol. PN 1994 FSC. P 1995 Vol. PN 1994 F.612 F.613 Vol. FP2 1994 Vol. FP2 1994 S.671-3
18、S.672-3 Vol. S 1994 FSC. S 1995 5.673 SF.674 P.676-2 SF.675-3 Vol. S 1994 Vol. SF 1994 Faw. P 1995 Vol. SF 1994 SA.578 s.579-3 Vol. SA 1994 Vol. S 1994 VI I Rec. ITU-R I Publication I I Rec. ITU-R I Publication I Rec. ITU-R I Publication f S.580-5 I Vol. S 1994 I I SA.510-1 Vol. SA 1994 -1 BS.641 I
19、Vol. BS 1994 BS.642-1 I Vol. BS 1994 I BS.643-2 I Fasc. BS 1995 I F.518-1 I Vol. FP2 1994 F.519 I Vol. FP2 1994 M.586-1 I Vol. M/P3 1994 M.587-1 I Vol. M/P3 1994 I F.520-2 I Vol. FE2 1994 I I M.588 I Vol. MfP4 1994 I 1 BR.649-1 I Vol. BR 1994 I I S.521-2 I Vol. S 1994 I M.589-2 I Vol. M/P4 1994 I I
20、B0.650-2 I Vol. BO 1994 I B0.651 I Vol. BO 1994 1 BT.654 Vol. BT 1994 I P.528-2 I Vol. PN 1994 I I BS.598-1 I Vol. BS 1994 I BR.657-2 I Vol. BR 1994 V.662-2 I Vol. V 1994 1 I P.529-2 I Fax. P 1995 I I BS.599 I Vol. BS 1994 I I P.530-6 I Fasc. P 1995 I I V.663-1 I Vol. V 1994 1 SA.609-1 I Vol. SA 199
21、4 SA.610-1 I SUPRA-95 I TF.536 I Vol.TF1994 I I SM.669-1 I Vol. SM 1994 I I TF.537 I Vol.TF1994 I 1 RA.611-2 I Vol. RA 1994 I I S.670-1 I Vol. S 1994 1 P.616 Vol. PN 1994 M.546-2 I Vol. M/P5 1994 M.547 I Vol. M/P5 1994 1 P.617-1 7Vol. PN 1994 1 1 P.618-4 I Fax. P 1995 I P.678-1 I Vol. PN 1994 P.679-
22、1 I Vol. PN 1994 1 I M.548 I Vol. M/P5 1994 I I P.619-1 I Vol.PN 1994 I I I 1 M.549-1 I Vol.M/P5 1994 I I P.680-1 I Vol. PN 1994 I M.623 Vol.M/Pl 1994 M.553 Vol. M/P5 1994 PI.683 SUP RA-95 Vol. TF 1994 F.555 I Vol. FE1 1994 F.556-1 I Vol. FP1 1994 I M.626 I Vol.M/P3 1994 I I F.557-3 I Vol. FPl 1994
23、I M.627-1 I Fasc.M/P3 1995 I I TF.686 I VoLTF 1994 I I M.687-1 I Vol. M/P2 1994 I M.630 Vol. M/P4 1994 I BS.5%-2 1 Vol. BS 1994 1 BS.562-3 I Vol. BS 1994 BT.565 I Vol. BT 1994 M.633-1 I Vol. M/P5 1994 F.634-3 I Vol. FE1 1994 I B0.566-3 I Vol. BO 1994 1 I F.635-3 I Fasc. FP1 1995 I F.695 I Vol. FE1 1
24、994 F.696-1 I Vol. FPl 1994 BS.638 Vol. BS 1994 1 BS.639 TVol.BS 1994 1 I I I BS.640-2 I Vol. BS 1994 COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling Services- -I 95 = 4855232 O526334 725 F.762-2 F.763-2 ITU-R RECMN*BS-705 FUC. FP2 1995 FSC. F
25、P2 1995 M.817 M.818-1 Vol. MP2 1994 Vol. M/P2 1994 BS.705-1 BS.706-1 BS.707-2 RS.708 BS.705-1 and BS.1195 1995(1) Fasc. BS 1995 Vol. BS 1994 Vol. BS 1994 M.826 M.827 Vol. M/P4 1994 Vol. MP5 1994 BR.779 BR.780 Vol. BR 1994 Vol. BR 1994 S.726-1 5.727 Vol. S 1994 Vol. S 1994 B0.793 B0.794 Vol. BO 1994
26、Vol. BO 1994 F.754 F.755-1 F.756 F.757 F.758 F.759 Vol. FPl 1994 Vol.F/Pl 1994 Vol.FP1 1994 Vol. FR1 1994 Vol.F/Pl 1994 Vol. FP1 1994 TF.1011 SA.1012 Vol. TF 1994 Vol. SA 1994 VII I Rec. IT-R I Publication I I Rec. ITU-R I Publication 1 I Rec ITU-R I Publication 1 F.760- 1 I Vol. FE1 1994 F.761 I Vo
27、l. FP1 1994 I F.700-2 I Vol.FP1 1994 I BT.815-1 I Vol. BT 1994 M.816 I Vol. MP2 1994 I 1 BS.703 Vol. BS 1994 TF.768-2 I Fasc. TF 1995 RA.769-1 I Fasc. RA 1995 M.823-1 -1 Fasc. M/p4 1995 M.824-2 I Fasc. M/P4 1995 BT.709-2 I Fasc. BT 1995 BT.710-2 I Vol. BT 1994 I SNG.770-1 I Vol. SNG 1994 I I M.825-1
28、 I Fasc. M/P4 1995 I BR.713 Vol. BR 1994 BS.776 I Vol. BS 1994 BR.777-2 I Fasc. BR 1995 M.830 Vol. M/P5 1994 I M.831 I Vol. M/P3 1994 I L 1 I BR.778-1 I Vol. BR 1994 I I P.832 I Vol. PN 1994 I I SNG.722-1 I Vol. SNG 1994 I P.833-1 I Vol. PN 1994 P.834-1 I Vol. PN 1994 I I 1 S.725 I Vol. S 1994 I P.8
29、35-1 Vol. PN 1994 P.837-1 Vol. PN 1994 S.728-1 Fasc.S 1995 s.730 Vol. S 1994 I BR784 I Vol. BR1994 1 h.838 -1 VTPN 1994- 1 I- - - I I BR.785 I Vol. BR 1994 I 1 P.839 I Vol. PN 1994 I S.731 I Vol. S 1994 S.732 I Vol. S 1994 I B0.786 I Vol. BO 1994 I I P.840-1 I Vol.PN 1994 I I P.841 I Vol. PN 1994 1
30、I S.733-1 I Vol. S 1994 I P.842-1 Vol. PI 1994 P.844-1 Vol. PI 1994 15.734 I Vol. S 1994 1 S.735-1 Vol. S 1994 s.737 Vol. S 1994 I Vol. BO 1994 B0.792 I Vol. BO 1994 P.845-2 I Fasc. P 1995 P.846- 1 I Fasc. P 1995 S.738 I Vol. S 1994 s.739 I Vol. S 1994 I IS.847-1 I Vol. IS 1994 1 I S.740 I Vol. S 19
31、94 I 15.741-2 I Vol. S 1994 I BT.799-2 I Fasc. BT 1995- BT.800-2 I Fasc. BT 1995 I F.746-2 I Fasc. FP1 1995 I I BT.801-1 I Fasc. BT 1995 I I I I F.747 I Vol. FP1 1994 I I SM.856 I Vol. SM 1994 1 I F.748-2 I Fasc.F/Pl 1995 I I BT.807 I Vol. BT 1994 I SF.1005 I Vol. SF 1994 SF.1006 I Vol. SF 1994 1 F.
32、753 I V broadcasting services in band 7 (HF); o s h) that the radiation pattern of the receiving antenna should also be taken into account when planning sound that up to the present time no receiving antenna radiation pattern has been defined for the above purpose; that the receiving environment sig
33、nificantly affects the radiation pattern of receiving antennas; that a short vertical whip antenna is most often used for reception of sound broadcasting in band 7 (HF), recommends 1 that the formulae as illustrated by sample diagrams and contained in Appendix 1 to Annex 1 of this Recommendation tog
34、ether with the corresponding computer programs should be used to evaluate the performance of HF transmitting antennas; particularly for planning purposes; 2 that the formula as illustrated by a sample diagram and contained in Part 1 to Annex 2 to this Recommendation should be used to evaluate the pe
35、rformance of the receiving antenna for planning sound broadcasting services in band 7 (HF). NOTE 1 - Fart 1 to Annex 1 gives comprehensive and detailed information on the theoretical characteristics of HF transmitting antennas. Computer programs have been developed from the theory to calculate the r
36、adiation patterns and gain for the various included antenna types. For any chosen antenna the available output data includes the directivity gain, the relative gain for a particular azimuth and elevation angle, tables of relative gain referred to the maximum and a number of different graphic outputs
37、. A few sample patterns are included to illustrate some of the possible outputs of the calculation procedure. The real performance of antennas encountered in practice will deviate to a certain extent from its analytically calculated characteristics. To this purpose Part 2 to Annex 1 gives advice abo
38、ut this deviation on the basis of the results of a comprehensive set of measurements carried out by various administrations with modern techniques. * The Director, Radiocommunication Bureau, is requested to bring 9 2 of Part 2 to Annex 1 to the attention of the International Electrotechnical Commiss
39、ion (IEC). COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*BS*705 -1 95 4855232 0526333 804 2 Rec . ITU-R BS.705-1 ANNEX 1 HF transmitting antennas TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Part 1 . HF transmitting antenna characteristics and
40、 diagrams . 4 1 Introduction 4 2 Geometrical representation of antenna radiation patterns 4 2.1 Graphical representation . 5 3 Radiation patterns and gain calculation 7 3.1 General considerations 7 3.2 Radiation patterns 8 3.3 Directivity and gain 8 . 3.4 Effect of the ground 8 4 Arrays of horizonta
41、l dipoles 4.1 General considerations 4.2 Designation of arrays of horizontal dipoles Arrays of horizontal dipoles arranged vertically (curtain antennas) . Arrays of horizontal dipoles arranged horizontally (tropical antennas) Omnidirectional arrays of horizontal dipoles 4.2.3.1 Quadrant antennas . 4
42、.2.3.2 Crossed dipole antennas 4.3 Slewing . 4.4 Arrays of horizontal dipoles arranged vertically 4.5 Arrays of horizontal dipoles arranged horizontally (tropical antennas) . 4.6 4.6.1 General considerations 4.6.2 Quadrant antennas . 4.6.3 Crossed-dipole antennas . Calculation of the patterns of hor
43、izontal dipole arrays . 4.7.1 General considerations 4.7.1.1 4.7.1.2 End-fed half-wave dipole arrays . Calculation of the array factor S, 4.7.2.1 4.7.2.2 Calculation of the array factor S, 4.7.3.1 Centre-fed, half-wave dipole arrays 4.7.3.2 Calculation of the array factor 5, 4.7.4.1 Aperiodic screen
44、 reflector antennas 4.7.4.2 Tuned reflector antennas . 4.7.4.3 Centre-fed dipole arrays for tropical broadcasting Calculation of the patterns for omnidirectional arrays of horizontal dipoles . 4.7.5.1 Quadrant antennas 4.7.5.2 Crossed-dipole antennas 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 Omnidirectional arrays of horiz
45、ontal dipoles . 4.7 Centre-fed half-wave dipole arrays . 4.7.2 Half-wave dipole arrays arranged vertically . Half-wave dipole arrays for tropical broadcasting 4.7.3 End-fed, half-wave dipole arrays 4.7.4 4.7.5 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 28 28 29
46、29 30 5 Log-periodic antennas . 31 5.1 General considerations 31 5.2 Designation of log-periodic antennas . 32 5.2.1 Horizontal log-periodic antennas 32 5.2.2 Vertical log-periodic antennas 32 Calculation of the patterns for horizontal log-periodic antennas 33 5.3.1 Basic theory 34 5.3 COPYRIGHT Int
47、ernational Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*BS.705 -1 95 E 4855232 0.526332 740 E Rec . ITU-R BS.705-1 5.3.2 Calculation procedure . Approximate solution of the interior problem 5.4.1 Basic theory 5.4.2 Calculation procedure . 6 Rho
48、mbic antennas 6.1 General considerations 6.2 6.3 5.3.2.1 5.4 Calculation of the patterns for vertical log-periodic antennas Designation of rhombic antennas . Calculation of the patterns for rhombic antenna . 7 Vertical monopoles . 7.1 General considerations 7.2 Designation of vertical monopoles . 7.
49、3 Vertical monopole without an earth system 7.4 Vertical monopole with an earth system . 7.4.1 7.4.2 Vertical monopole with an earth system consisting of a solid circular disk having infinite conductivity Vertical monopole with an earth system consisting of a number of radial wires of given length and diameter . 8 Pattern examples References Bibliography . Part 2 - Practical aspects of HF transmitting antennas Introduction Measurements of antenna radiation patterns 2.1 Method of measurement . 2.2 Considerations when using a helicopter for the measurements 2.3 Mea
