1、 Recommendation ITU-R BT.2016-1(01/2013)Error-correction, data framing, modulation and emission methods for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception using handheld receivers in VHF/UHF bandsBT SeriesBroadcasting service(television)ii Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 Foreword The role of the Radi
2、ocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The reg
3、ulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for I
4、TU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T
5、/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (s
6、ound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination b
7、etween fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electro
8、nic Publication Geneva, 2013 ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.2016-1 Error-correction, data framing, modulation and emission methods for terrestrial
9、multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception using handheld receivers in VHF/UHF bands (2012-2013) Scope This Recommendation defines error-correction, data framing, modulation and emission methods for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception using handheld receivers in the VHF/UHF ba
10、nds. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that digital multimedia broadcasting systems have been implemented in many countries or are planned to be introduced, using the inherent capability of digital broadcasting systems; b) that terrestrial emission systems for mobile reception usin
11、g handheld receivers require specific technical characteristics due to peculiar propagation characteristics; c) that the interoperability between multimedia and digital television and sound broadcasting systems could offer the possibility for the reuse of the existing broadcast infrastructure for mu
12、ltimedia services; d) that Recommendations ITU-R BT.1306 and ITU-R BT.1877 specify error-correction, data framing, modulation and emission methods for digital terrestrial television broadcasting; e) that Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114 specifies error-correction, data framing, modulation and emission m
13、ethods as well as higher-layer systems characteristics for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting; f) that Recommendation ITU-R BT.1833 and Report ITU-R BT.2049 describe end user requirements and higher-layer systems characteristics for multimedia broadcasting systems for mobile reception using hand
14、held receivers, recommends 1 that administrations wishing to introduce terrestrial multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception using handheld receivers in the VHF/UHF bands should use one or several (depending on the multimedia broadcasting market) of the systems comprising error-correction, framin
15、g, modulation and emission methods outlined in Annex 1. NOTE Tables 1 and 2 of Annex 1 can be used to evaluate the respective characteristics of the systems in selecting a specific system. 2 Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 Annex 1 Table 1 provides data about emission systems for terrestrial multimedia broadcas
16、ting for mobile reception using handheld receivers in the VHF/UHF bands. Supplemental information for the systems can be found in Appendices 1, 2 and 3. Table 2 provides technical features of each system described in Table 1 that concern several aspects relevant to implementation and deployment. Rec
17、. ITU-R BT.2016-1 3 TABLE 1 Parameters for emission systems Parameters Multimedia System A Multimedia System F Multimedia System I Multimedia System H Multimedia System T2 1 Channel bandwidths 1.712 MHz 1/14 n of a) 6 MHz b) 7 MHz c) 8 MHz n 1 (*2-1) a) 1.7 MHz b) 5 MHz c) 6 MHz d) 7 MHz e) 8 MHz a)
18、 5 MHz b) 6 MHz c) 7 MHz d) 8 MHz a) 1.7 MHz b) 5 MHz c) 6 MHz d) 7 MHz e) 8 MHz 2 Used bandwidth 1.536 MHz “Subcarrier spacing” (see item 5) + 1/14 n a) 6 MHz b) 7 MHz c) 8 MHz n 1 (*2-1) a) 1.52 MHz b) 4.75 MHz c) 5.71 MHz d) 6.66 MHz 7.61 MHz a) 4.75 MHz b) 5.71 MHz c) 6.66 MHz d) 7.61 MHz a) 1.5
19、2 MHz b) 4.75 MHz c) 5.71 MHz d) 6.66 MHz e) 7.61 MHz 3 Number of segments 1 n 1 (*2-1) Configurable number of time slices per bandwidth Configurable 4 Number of subcarriers per segment 192 384 768 1 536 108 (Mode 1) 216 (Mode 2) 432 (Mode 3) 853 (1k mode) 1 705 (2k mode) 3 409 (4k mode) 6 817 (8k m
20、ode) 1 705 (2k mode) 3 409 (4k mode) 6 817 (8k mode) 1 705 (2k mode) 3 409 (4k mode) 6 817 (8k mode) 13 633 (16k mode) 4 Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 TABLE 1 (continued) Parameters Multimedia System A Multimedia System F Multimedia System I Multimedia System H Multimedia System T2 5 Subcarrier spacing a) 8
21、kHz b) 4 kHz c) 2 kHz d) 1 kHz a) 3.968 kHz (Mode 1)(*2-2), 1.984 kHz (Mode 2), 0.992 kHz (Mode 3) b) 4.629 kHz (Mode 1), 2.314 kHz (Mode 2), 1.157 kHz (Mode 3) c) 5.291 kHz (Mode 1), 2.645 kHz (Mode 2), 1.322 kHz (Mode 3) a) 1 786 kHz (1k) b) 5 580.322 Hz (1k) 2 790.179 Hz (2k) 1 395.089 Hz (4k) 69
22、7.545 Hz (8k) c) 6 696.42 Hz (1k), 3 348.21 Hz (2k), 1 674.11 Hz (4k), 837.05 Hz (8k) d) 7 812 Hz (1k), 3 906 Hz (2k), 1 953 Hz (4k), 976 Hz (8k) e) 8 929 Hz (1k), 4 464 Hz (2k), 2 232 Hz (4k), 1 116 Hz (8k) a) 2 790.179 Hz (2k), 1 395.089 Hz (4k), 697.545 Hz (8k) b) 3 348.21 Hz (2k), 1 674.11 Hz (4
23、k), 837.05 Hz (8k) c) 3 906 Hz (2k), 1 953 Hz (4k), 976 Hz (8k) d) 4 464 Hz (2k), 2 232 Hz (4k), 1 116 Hz (8k) a) 901 Hz (2k mode), 450 Hz (4k mode) 225 Hz (8k mode) 113 Hz (16k mode) b) 2 790 Hz (2k mode), 1 395 Hz (4k mode) 698 Hz (8k mode) 349 Hz (16k mode) c) 3 348 Hz (2k mode), 1 674 Hz (4k mod
24、e) 837 Hz (8k mode) 419 Hz (16k mode) d) 3 906 Hz (2k mode), 1 953 Hz (4k mode) 977 Hz (8k mode) 488 Hz (16k mode) e) 4 464 Hz (2k mode) 2 232 Hz (4k mode) 1 116 Hz (8k mode) 558 Hz (16k mode) Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 5 TABLE 1 (continued) Parameters Multimedia System A Multimedia System F Multimedia Sy
25、stem I Multimedia System H Multimedia System T2 6 Active symbol duration a) 156 s b) 312 s c) 623 s d) 1 246 s a) 252 s (Mode 1)(*2-2), 504 s (Mode 2), 1 008 s (Mode 3) b) 216 s (Mode 1), 432 s (Mode 2), 864 s (Mode 3) c) 189 s (Mode 1), 378 s (Mode 2), 756 s (Mode 3) a) 560 s (1k) b) 179.2 s (1k),
26、358.40 s (2k), 716.80 s (4k), 1 433.60 s (8k) c) 149.33 s (1k), 298.67 s (2k), 597.33 s (4k), 1 194.67 s (8k) d) 2 128 s (1k), 256 s (2k), 512 s (4k), 1 024 s (8k) e) 112 s (1k), 224 s (2k), 448 s (4k), 896 s (8k) a) 358.40 s (2k), 716.80 s (4k), 1 433.60 s (8k) b) 298.67 s (2k), 597.33 s (4k), 1 19
27、4.67 s (8k) c) 256 s (2k), 512 s (4k), 1 024 s (8k) d) 224 s (2k), 448 s (4k), 896 s (8k) a) 1 109.98 s (2k) 2 219.97 s (4k) 4 439.94 s (8k) b) 358.4 s (2k) 716.8 s (4k) 1 433.6 s (8k) 2 867.2 s (16k) c) 298.67 s (2k) 597.33 s (4k) 1 194.67 s (8k) 2 389.33 s (16k) d) 256 s (2k) 512 s (4k) 1 024 s (8
28、k) 2 048 s (16k) e) 224 s (2k) 448 s (4k) 896 s (8k) 1 792 s (16k) 7 Guard interval duration or guard interval ratio a) 31s b) 62 s c) 123 s d) 246 s 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 of “active symbol duration” (see item 6) 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 of active symbol duration 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 of active symbol dur
29、ation 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/4 of active symbol duration 8 Transmission unit (frame) duration 96 ms 48 ms 24 ms 204 OFDM symbols (Symbol duration = guard interval duration + active symbol duration) 68 OFDM symbols. One super-frame consists of 4 frames 68 OFDM symbols. One super-fr
30、ame consists of 4 frames Flexible with possibility of changing on frame-by-frame basis. Max 250 ms 6 Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 TABLE 1 (continued) Parameters Multimedia System A Multimedia System F Multimedia System I Multimedia System H Multimedia System T2 9 Time/frequency synchronization Null symbol a
31、nd centre frequency and phase reference symbol Pilot carriers Pilot carriers Guard interval/ Pilot carriers P1 symbol/Guard interval/Pilot carriers 10 Modulation methods T-DMB: COFDM-DQPSK AT-DMB: COFDM-DQPSK COFDM-BPSK over DQPSK COFDM-QPSK over DQPSK DQPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM QPSK, 16-QAM QPSK,
32、16-QAM, 64-QAM, MR-16-QAM, MR-64-QAM QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM with or without constellation rotation specific for each physical layer pipe 11 Inner channel coding T-DMB: Convolutional code (1/4 to 3/4) AT-DMB: Convolutional code + Turbo code (1/4 to 1/2) Convolution code, Mother rate 1/2 with 64 states.
33、 Puncturing to rate 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 Turbo Code from 3GPP2 with mother information block size of 12 282 bits. Rates obtained by puncturing: 1/5, 2/9, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 2/3 Convolutional code, mother rate 1/2 with 64 states. Puncturing to rate 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 LDPC code with code rates 1/3
34、, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4 Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 7 TABLE 1 (continued) Parameters Multimedia System A Multimedia System F Multimedia System I Multimedia System H Multimedia System T2 12 Inner interleaving Time interleaving and frequency interleaving Frequency interleaving: Intra and inter segments int
35、erleaving Time interleaving: Symbol-wise convolutional interleaving 0, 380, 760, 1 520, 3 040 symbols (Mode 1)(*2-2)0, 190, 380, 760, 1 520 symbols (Mode 2) 0, 95, 190, 380, 760 symbols (Mode 3) Frequency interleaving Time interleaving: Forney with 48 branches QPSK: 320/9 600 ms16QAM:160/ 4 800 ms B
36、it interleaving, combined with native or in-depth symbol interleaving Cell, Time and Frequency interleaving 13 Outer channel coding RS (204, 188, T=8) code for video service and scalable video service RS (204, 188, T=8) Outer Code: RS (204, 188, T = 8) IP outer channel code: MPE-FEC RS (255,191) BCH
37、 (16 200, x, t), there x depends on LDPC code rate. Error correction capability t = 12 errors 14 Outer Interleaving Convolutional interleaving for video service and scalable video service Byte-wise convolutional interleaving, I = 12 Byte-wise convolutional interleaving, I = 12 Bit (parity BPSK or QP
38、SK symbol is mapped over DQPSK symbol. Table A1-1 shows parameters of both T-DMB and AT-DMB. AT-DMB uses both Band III and L-Band spectrum in which T-DMB networks are in operation. It guarantees backward compatibility with T-DMB. Thus, using increased channel capacity of AT-DMB system, it can provid
39、e either better quality or additional services other than the services provided by T-DMB system. Detailed specification is described in the Standard “TTAK.KO-07.0070/R2” for modulation and error protection mechanism. TABLE A1-1 Parameters comparison between AT-DMB and T-DMB systems Parameters T-DMB
40、AT-DMB Standard Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114 Digital System A Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114 Digital System A, TTAK.KO-07.0070/R2 Channel code (code rate) Convolutional code (1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4) Convolutional code, (1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4) Turbo code (1/2, 2/5, 1/3, 1/4) Modulation method (time interleavi
41、ng depth) DQPSK (384 msec) DQPSK (384 msec), BPSK over DQPSK (768 msec), QPSK over DQPSK (384 msec) Constellation ratio N/A 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, * * means that the hierarchical modulation is not applied. AT-DMB can provide a scalable video service as well as all kinds of T-DMB services. The scalable
42、video service fully guarantees backward compatibility with the video service of T-DMB. It can serve VGA quality video service to AT-DMB receivers, QVGA quality video service to T-DMB receivers. For audio of the scalable video service, it uses ISO/IEC 23003-1 for MPEG-4 ER-BSAC or MPEG-4 HE AAC v2 +
43、MPEG Surround. For video of the scalable video service, it uses base line profile of Recommendation ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 Amendment 3 for MPEG-4 SVC. Refer to TTAK.KO-07.0070/R2 for hierarchical modulation scheme, error correction code, etc., of AT-DMB and TTAK.KO-07.0071 for AT-DMB scalabl
44、e video service. A.3 Transmission system architecture There are two layers in AT-DMB system: one layer is a base layer for T-DMB receivers; the other layer is an enhancement layer that provides the additional service for AT-DMB receivers only. In order to improve channel error correction capability
45、in the enhancement layer, turbo code is applied Rec. ITU-R BT.2016-1 15 instead of convolutional code (CC) which is used for T-DMB receivers. Five constellation ratios of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and are newly introduced to adjust reception performances and coverage areas of both AT-DMB and T-DMB services
46、 by controlling error correction capabilities in the base and the enhancement layers. Figure A1-2 shows the conceptual transmission system architecture of AT-DMB. FIGURE A1-2 Conceptual transmission system architecture of AT-DMB BT.2016-A1-02DAB (ETSI EN 300 401)Fast information (FIC) pathService in
47、formation (SI) pathDAB audio frame pathPacket mode data pathOptionalconditionalaccessscramblerEnergydispersalscramblerTimeinterleaverTransmissionframemultiplexerPacket dataserviceStreammodeAudio programserviceServiceinformationMultiplexercontrol dataFIC data serviceMainservice(MSC)multiplexerCIFsTur
48、boencoderOptionalconditionalaccessscramblerEnergydispersalscramblerTimeinterleaverConvolutionalencoderPacket mode data pathDAB audio frame pathService information (SI) pathFast information (FIC) pathMPEG-4AVC videomultiplexerVideoVideoVideoMPEG-4SVC videomultiplexerMPEG-4AVC videomultiplexerPacket d
49、ataserviceAudio programserviceServiceinformationFIC data serviceMultiplexercontrol dataQVGA video serviceVGA video serviceQVGA video serviceStreammodeTransmissionframemultiplexerMainservice(MSC)multiplexerCIFsHierarchicalmodulatorandOFDMmodulatorBase layer frame signal generatorEnhancement layer frame signal generatorBibliography Normative references 1 Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114 System A: System for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequenc
