1、 Recommendation ITU-R F.2113-0 (01/2018) Error performance and availability objectives and requirements for real point-to-point packet-based radio links F Series Fixed service ii Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient an
2、d economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are perfor
3、med by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to
4、 be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be fou
5、nd. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, rad
6、iodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management
7、SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2018 ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of th
8、is publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.2113-0 Error performance and availability objectives and requirements for real point-to-point packet-based radio links (Question ITU-R 255/5) (2018) Summary This
9、 Recommendation describes error performance and availability events and parameters for packet based fixed wireless service equipment and links, provides a formula for link objectives, includes relations between packet and non-packet based systems, and shows examples of applications to real cases. Sc
10、ope This Recommendation provides a method to assign the error performance and availability objectives for proper design of real point to point packet-based radio links, with specific reference to Ethernet based radio links. Keywords Fixed service, point-to-point, availability, error performance, pac
11、ket based, Ethernet Abbreviations/Glossary BER Bit error rate FWS Fixed wireless service FER Ethernet frame error ratio FLR Ethernet frame loss ratio PEU Percent Ethernet service unavailability PEA Percent Ethernet service availability SESETH Severe errored second Related ITU Recommendations Recomme
12、ndation ITU-R F.1668 Error performance objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27 500 km hypothetical reference paths and connections Recommendation ITU-R F.1703 Availability objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27 500 km hypothetical reference paths and connecti
13、ons Recommendation ITU-T Y.1563 Ethernet frame transfer and availability performance The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the demand for bandwidth need is increasing significantly, the microwave technology has also evolved from supporting low capacity to high capacity which can p
14、rovide much higher speed data transmission; b) that packet-based applications constitute major part of existing transport and access networks, and are expected to be strongly increased in near future; 2 Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 c) that there is a need to establish error performance and availability objec
15、tives to assist in link design and development of packet based networks; d) that no specific reference length is given for end-to-end Ethernet network, and no country based model is available, recognizing a) that Recommendation ITU-T Y.1563 defines parameters that may be used in specifying and asses
16、sing the performance of speed, accuracy, dependability and availability of Ethernet frame transfer of an Ethernet communication service; b) that Recommendation ITU-T Y.1563 defines an end-to-end Ethernet network as the set of EL (exchange link) and NS (Network section) that provide the transport of
17、Ethernet frames transmitted from SRC (Source) to DST (Destination). The MPs that bind the end-to-end Ethernet network are the MPs at the SRC and the DST; c) that the calculation criteria methodology adopted in Recommendations ITU-R F.1668 and ITU-R F.1703 to establish the error performance and avail
18、ability for real fixed wireless links (SDH and PDH traffic) based on Recommendations ITU-T G.826 and ITU-T G.827, recommends 1 that the events and parameters to be used for Error performance and availability needs, including design of real links, should be selected within the set described in Annex
19、1; 2 that error performance and availability objectives for real digital fixed wireless links carrying packet based traffic should be established according to the procedures described in Annex 2. Annex 1 Events and parameters This Annex only deals with Ethernet-based packet applications. 1 Events Fo
20、llowing error performance and availability definition are in accordance with Recommendation ITU-T Y.1563. Severe errored second (SESETH) A severe errored second (SESETH) outcome occurs for a block of frames observed during a one-second interval at ingress MP0 when the corresponding FLR (i.e. the rat
21、io of lost frames to total frames in the block) at egress MPi exceeds s1. A provisional value s1 of 0.5 is proposed by ITU-T, and different values may also be chosen depending on the class of service (CoS). Availability Availability of Ethernet-based network is described by available state and unava
22、ilable state. Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 3 Unavailable time begins at the onset of 10 consecutive SESETH outcomes, and ends at the onset of 10 consecutive non-SESETH outcomes. During the available time period, the Ethernet network is in available state. Figure 1 illustrates the definition of criteria for t
23、ransition to/from the unavailable state. This definition of availability has been chosen to allow comparison with other link layer techniques. Because an Ethernet service is bidirectional, an Ethernet network is in the unavailable state if either one, or both directions, are in the unavailable state
24、. The unidirectional availability can be measured by the criteria mentioned above. FIGURE 1 Example of unavailability determination F. 6 - 0200 1U n a v a i l a b l e p e ri o dT i m eS E S ETH ( s e v e r e e r r o r e d s e c o n d ) NON S E S- ETHU n a v a i l a b i l i t y d e t e c t e d10 S E
25、S ETH 1 0 n o n - S E S ETHA v a i l a b i l i t y d e t e c t e dA v a i l a b l e p e ri o d2 Parameters Percent Ethernet service unavailability (PEU) The percentage when Ethernet network is in unavailable state in total scheduled Ethernet service time (the percentage of one-second intervals). Per
26、cent Ethernet service availability (PEA) When Ethernet network is in available state in total scheduled Ethernet service time (the percentage of one-second intervals) using the Ethernet service availability function: PEU = 100 PEA. Ethernet frame error ratio (FER) Ethernet frame error ratio is the r
27、atio of total errored Ethernet frame outcomes to the total of successful Ethernet frame transfer outcomes plus errored Ethernet frame outcomes in a population of interest. Ethernet frame loss ratio (FLR) The ratio of total lost Ethernet frame outcomes to total transmitted Ethernet frames in a popula
28、tion of interest. In point-to-multipoint configurations, it can also be useful to compare the successful frame transfers among destinations using the destination with the largest number of successful frame transfers as the reference. 4 Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 Annex 2 Objectives This Annex only deals wit
29、h Ethernet-based packet applications. 1 Apportionment of objective Error performance and availability objectives for any real point-to-point link carrying PDH /SDH traffic have been established by Recommendations ITU-R F.1668 and ITU-R F.1703, in compliance with an ITU-T media independent apportionm
30、ent criteria, based on the existence of a reference value established for an end-to-end hypothetical connection of 27 500 km length (Recommendation ITU-T G.826). Due to the evolution of technology and the specific nature of Ethernet, no end to end or objectives has been deemed necessary by ITU-T and
31、 no apportionment criteria is available. Nevertheless, Ethernet based radio links continue to be deployed in same geographical and logistic contest used before packet based signals (same regions, towers, propagation, etc.), and there is a need of having objectives to allow proper design of such link
32、s. Error performance and availability objectives for any real point-to-point link carrying Ethernet are given in this Annex, in line with the ITU traditional vision consisting in considering two main kinds of application contests, with two different expected quality levels: Links belonging to “high
33、performing” section of connection (transit countries or international section of terminating countries, long haul sections). Links belonging to “less performing” sections of the path (national part of terminating countries, short haul and access). Different allocation rules are used depending on the
34、 interested Country belong to international transit section or terminates the path. 2 Time requirement for objective evaluation Events evaluation: 1 second. Availability objectives: 1 year Error performance objectives: 1 month 3 Objective PEA PEA objectives applicable to each direction of a fixed wi
35、reless link of length, Llink, can be derived from the values given in Tables 1 and 2 by means of equations (1): 100*)1( jRli n kj CLLBPEA(1) where: the value of j is: for international portion: Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 5 1 for Lmin Llink 250 km 2 for 250 km Llink 2 500 km 3 for 2 500 km Llink 7 500 km 4
36、for Llink 7 500 km for section of national portion: 5 for access network 6 for short haul 7 for long haul LR : reference length LR 2 50km. The lower limit of Llink used to scale the objectives is Lmin 50 km. TABLE 1 Parameters for PEA objectives for links forming part of an international portion of
37、constant bit-rate digital path Length (km) Lmin Llink 250 250 Llink 2 500 2 500 Llink 7 500 Llink 7 500 B1 C1 B2 C2 B3 C3 B4 C4 International portion 1.9 104 1.1 104 3 104 0 3 104 0 3 104 0 TABLE 2 Parameters for PEA objectives for links forming part of a national portion of constant bit-rate digita
38、l path element Access portion Short-haul portion Long-haul portion B5 C5 B6 C6 B7 C7 0 5 104 0 4 104 3 104 for 250 km Llink 2 500 km 1.9 104 for Lmin Llink 250 km 0 for 250 km Llink 2 500 km 1.1 104 for Lmin Llink 250 km FER No objective is recommended. FLR No objective is recommended. 4 Calculation
39、 of availability objectives This section shows some examples of the application of this Recommendation to real links, in order to derive the objectives. In the following calculations, it is assumed that one year corresponds to 525 960 min. 6 Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 4.1 International portion Case 1: leng
40、th 30 km The length is shorter than Lmin 50 km, so the value of Llink 50 has been used. 985.99100*)101.150250109.11(100*)1( 4411 CLLBPEARlin kThese values correspond to an unavailability of 78 min/year. Case 2: length 80 km The length is in the range 50-250 km, so: 983.99100*)101.1502 80109.111( 441
41、1 CLLBPEA Rlin kThese values correspond to an availability of 99.983% (unavailability of 90 min/year). 4.2 National portion Case 1: length 30 km in access portion The length is shorter than Lmin 50 km, so the value of Llink 50 km has been used. 95.99100*)10550250011( 455 CLLBPEARlin kThese values co
42、rrespond to an availability of 99.95% (unavailability of 263 min/year). Annex 3 Relation between packet and non packet based parameters Background In order to allow a correct planning of the link, the knowledge of fade margin, or the absolute level at which threshold condition is met, are required.
43、While for PDH/SDH case there is a very consolidated base of measurement, packet based signal thresholds are not so widely referenced. Tables 3, 4 and 5 show examples of comparative measures between PDH and Ethernet parameters, for different modulations and different Ethernet packet lengths. In refer
44、ence system (see Table 3), complete measures are reported; in other modulations, measures without significant deviations are not reported. Test was made on modern 18 GHz equipment, using a simulated link in laboratory. Equipment allow transmission of a hybrid signal (PDH + Ethernet), where, during e
45、ach test, modulation was manually fixed in one of possible states. Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 7 Reference stream: (2 150 Mbit/s Ethernet + 2 Mbit/s PDH with 256 QAM) in 56 MHz Channel. Variation of PRx level is 0.6 dB for BER range 1.7 107 to 1.0 103. TABLE 3 PDH / Ethernet parameters - 256 QAM PDH Etherne
46、t BER ESR SES Unav ESR. FLR (=FER(1) SESETH Packet length (Bytes) 1.7107 20% 0 - 35% 1.7*105 0 64 2107 23% 0 - 40% 3*105 0 256 1.7107 14% 0 - 34% 2.7*105 0 1024 1.7107 17% 0 - 34% 3.6*105 0 1522 1.0106 80% 0 - 94% 1.3*104 0 64 1.0106 80% 0 - 94% 1.6*104 0 256 1.0106 80% 0 - 94% 2.2*104 0 1024 1.0106
47、 80% 0 - 94% 2.4*104 0 1522 1.0105 100% 0 - 100% 1.1*103 0 64 1.0105 100% 0 - 100% 1.6*103 0 256 1.0105 100% 0 - 100% 2*103 0 1024 1.0105 100% 0 - 100% 2.2*103 0 1522 1.0104 100% 15% - 100% 1.2*102 0 64 1.0104 100% 15% - 100% 1.2*102 0 256 1.0104 100% 15% - 100% 2*102 0 1024 1.0104 100% 15% - 100% 2
48、.5*102 0 1522 1.0103 100% 100% X(2) 100% 1.1*101 0 64 1.0103 100% 100% X(2) 100% 1.3*101 0 256 1.0103 100% 100% X(2) 100% 1.7*101 0 1024 1.0103 100% 100% X(2) 100% 2*101 0 1522 (1) Every error in frame gives rise to cell being discarded. (2) If the condition persists more than 10 s, reading of ESR and SES becomes meaningless, since system enters in unavailable state. 8 Rec. ITU-R F.2113-0 TABLE 4 PDH / Ethernet parameters 16 QAM PDH Ethernet BER ESR SES Unav ESR FLR (=FER(1) SESETH Packet length (Bytes) 2.0106 90% 0 - 98% 1.4*104 0 64 2.0106 90% 0 - 98% 2.3*104 0 1522 1.0104 100% 0 - 100%
