1、 THE RADIOCOMMlJNICA ION SECTOR OF THE TU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational. equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services and carry out studies without limit of frequency ran
2、ge on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups Contact address for inquiries about radiocommunica
3、tion matters: I T II Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH - 12 1 1 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone +41 227305800 Fax +41227305785 Internet brmail itu.int X 400 S=brmail; P=itu; A=400net, C=ch Contact address for orders of ITU publications: ITU Sales and Marketing Service Place des Nations
4、CH - 12 1 1 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone Telephone Telephone Fax +41227305194 Telex 421 O00 uit ch Telegram ITU GENEVE In terne t salesitu.int X.400 S=sales; P=itu; A=400net; C=ch +41 22 730 6141 English +41 22 730 6142 French +41 22 730 6143 Spanish O ITU 1998 All rights reserved No part of this
5、 publication may be reproduced oc utilised in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and microfilm, without written permission from the ITU 4855232 0543366 373 a I N TE RN AT I O N AL TE LECOM M U N I CATI ON U N I ON Principles and Approaches on Evolution to-l Vol
6、ume 2 HANDBOOK ON LAND MOBILE (including Wireless Access) RADIOCOMMUNICATION BUREAU Compiled 28 February 1997 1111 4855232 0543367 20T . - 111 - PREFACE This Handbook on Principles and Approaches on Evolution to IMT-2000/FPLMTS has been developed by Radiocommunication Task Group 8/1, under the leade
7、rship of Mr. M. Callendar. International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) are third generation mobile systems which are scheduled to start service around the year 2000 subject to market considerations. They will provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a wide range of telecom
8、munication services supported by the fixed telecommunications networks (e.g., PSTNASDN), and to other services which are specific to mobile users. In order to maximise benefit from investment in mobile systems that are currently in service or will be introduced prior to IMT-2000, it is desirable to
9、identie ways in which these systems can evolve towards IMT-2000. This would also ease the introduction of IMT-2000 itself and may enable a higher degree of re-use in the network infrastructure, system concepts, and/or technologies than would be possible otherwise. This issue is being considered in t
10、his Handbook on the basis that pre- IMT-2000 systems may already possess some features and may undergo furuier development to enable an evolution path towards IMT-2000. This Handbook provides an overview of principles and approaches to be considered in the evolution of existing and emerging systems,
11、 as well as in the development of IMT-2000 Recommendations to facilitate evolution options. The technical content is thus intended for use by both the operators of existing systems and the developers of Recommendations and standards for IMT-2000. Robert W. Jones Director, Radiocommunication Bureau I
12、I 4855232 0541368 146 -v- FOREWORD Studies in the Radiocommunication Sector (lT7.J-R) on International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), which are continuing in Radiocommunication Task Group 8/1, are aimed at providing mobile telecommunications - Anywhere - Anytime . These studies are inten
13、ded to develop systems that could be used around the year 2000 and will operate in a frequency band near2 O00 MHz. The concept of a small, light weight and convenient “pocket” communicator is a fundamental part of IMT-2000, and provides terminal rnobiliry which is complementary to the personal mobil
14、ity and service profile management provided by Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT), under study in the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). A number of different radio environments are involved covering very small indoor “pico” cells with very high capacity all the way through la
15、rge outdoor terrestrial cells to satellite coverage. A major focus of the ITU-R standards work on IMT-2000 is to maximize the commonality between the various radio interfaces involved in order to simplify the task of building multi-mode mobile terminals covering more than one radio operating environ
16、ment. Initial studies were aimed at defining the objectives for IMT-2000 and the resulting spectrum requirements as part of the input to the World Administrative Radio Conference for Dealing with Frequency Allocations in Certain Parts of the Spectrum (Mlaga-Torremolinos, 1992) (WARC-92) in February
17、1992. WARC-92 identified the bands 1 885 - 2 025 MHz and 2 i 10 - 2 200 MHz for use, on a worldwide basis, by administrations wishing to implement FPLMTS - now also known as IMT-2000, including the bands 1 980 - 2 O10 MHz and 2 170- 2 200 MHz for the satellite component of IMT-2000. Currently a numb
18、er of digital mobile telecommunication systems have been standardized in some regions and more are planned to be defined in the near future. These are often referred to as “second generation” systems and include various paging, cordless, cellular, mobile data and mobile satellite systems. IMT-2000 a
19、re third generation systems which aim to unify the diverse systems we see today into a seamless radio infrastructure capable of oflering a wide range of services around the year 2000 in many different radio operating environments. The objective of this Handbook is to identify issues and consideratio
20、ns that must be addressed to facilitate the evolution of pre-IMT-2000 terrestrial and satellite systems to IMT-2000. There are many issues that must be addressed by Radiocommunication Task Group 8/1 and other groups within the ITU to provide a realistic opportunity for an evolution option. In this H
21、andbook only a representative set of issues can be considered to help understand and guide evolution and migration considerations. 485521Z 0543369 082 - vi - I wish to express my appreciation to Richard Engelman (United States of America), who chaired the working group which developed this Handbook,
22、 and to the numerous people who helped progress the work on evolution and migration within Radiocommunication Task Group 8/1 over the past couple of years. Mr. M. Callendar Chairman, Radiocommunication Task Group 8/1 Canada = 4855212 0541370 T4 . vii . HANDBOOK ON PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES ON EVOLUT
23、ION TO IMT-2000 FPLMTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Foreword 1 2 2.1 2.2 3 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 8 . Executive summary . Introduction . Status as of October, 1996 General evolution and migration considerations Scope . Terminology and definitions . General
24、 principles and working assumptions . Evolution towards JMT-2000 - Survey results . IMT-2000 goals and objectives IMT-2000 characteristics and functionahties . Global system . New services and capabilities . Evolution and migration . Flexibility: multi-environment capabilities Global IMT-2000 vision
25、 . Quality of service New services and capabilities . Evolution and migration capabilities Flexibility: Multi-environment, multi-mode, multi-band capabilities Impact on spectrum . Evolution/migration starting points: candidate systems and telecommunication infrastmctures . Page . 111 V 1 1 2 3 4 4 6
26、 7 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 12 14 14 . . VI11 . 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 11 General Digital mobile systems considerations . Satellite considerations . Background . Features of pre-IMT-2000 and IMT-2000 mobile satellite
27、 systems . Evolution methodology and scenarios . . IMT-2000 evolution framework . An assessment of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches . Identification of the revolutionary and evolutionary components Characterisation of a modular approach . Phases for evolution to IMT-2000 Network aspects Rad
28、io aspects Satellite considerations . A 3-step approach . Characteristics and functionalities of IMT-2000 to facilitate evolution towards IMT-2000 . General requirements facilitating IMT-2000 Standardisation of a Radio Bearer Adaptation Functionality (RBCF) . Standardisation of a UIM/evolution towar
29、ds a common UIM Standardisation of a (VHE) . Support for inter-system numbering plans Sohare-defined radio technologies in IMT-2000 . Summary and conclusions APPENDIX 1 . ITU Recommendations on IMT-2000 . 14 15 15 16 17 17 17 19 20 21 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 28 28 28 31 4855212 0541372 b77 D -
30、1- 1 Executive summary This Handbook reflects the discussions held in ITU-R on the evolution and migration of existing and near-term mobile telecommunications systems towards International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). It provides an overview of principles and approaches to be considere
31、d in the evolution of existing and emerging systems, as well as in the development of IMT-2000 Recommendations. 2 Introduction IMT-2000 systems are third generation mobile systems which are scheduled to start service around the year 2000 subject to market considerations. They will provide access, by
32、 means of one or more radio links, to a wide range of telecommunication services supported by the fixed telecommunications networks (e.g., PSTN/ISDN), and to other services which are specific to mobile users. A range of mobile terminal types is encompassed, linking to terrestrial or satellite-based
33、networks, and the terminals may be designed for mobile or fixed use. Key features of IMT-2000 are: - - - high service quality, - IMT-2000 will operate worldwide in bands identified by Radio Regulations (RR) provision No. S5.388 (1 885 - 2 025 MHz and 2 110 - 2 200 MHz, with the satellite component l
34、imited to 1 980 - 2 010 MHz and 2 170 - 2 200 MHz). IMT-2000 systems and services are defined by a set of interdependent ITU Recommendations. In order to maximise benefit from investment in mobile systems that are currently in service or will be introduced prior to IMT-2000 (these systems are referr
35、ed to as pre-IMT-2000), it would be desirable to identifi ways in which these systems can evolve towards IMT-2000. This would also ease the introduction of IMT-2000 itself and may enable a higher degree of re-use in the network infrastructure, system concepts, andor technologies than would be possib
36、le otherwise. This issue is being considered on the basis that pre-IMT-2000 systems may already possess some features and may undergo further development to enable an evolution path towards IMT-2000. It is also recognised that this approach may be most appropriate for those systems that operate in f
37、requency bands close to the bands identified for IMT-2000. high degree of commonality of design worldwide, compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and with the fixed networks, use of a small pocket terminal worldwide. Section 2 of this Handbook introduces the issues associated with evolution and m
38、igration to IMT-2000. Section 3 contains the scope of this Handbook while Section 4 contains definitions for the terminology used herein. Section 5 presents a number of principles and working assumptions which have been identified as being significant when considering evolution and migration to When
39、 developing an evolution strategy, it is important to consider both the starting and ending points. In 1994, a survey of ITU membership was conducted to determine their existing situations, IMT-2000. * IMT-2000 is also known as Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS). -2- their
40、goals for IMT-2000, and their pians for implementing IMT-2000. The original survey was reissued during the summer of 1996 to gather updated information as well as responses from additional administrations and members. The information gathered during the surveys has been used in the development of th
41、is Handbook. Section 6 summarises the results of the surveys. The detailed responses are given in the appendix to this Handbook. Section 7 discusses the IMT-2000 goals and objectives - the ending point. It provides a list of IMT-2000 characteristics and functionalities from an evolutiordmigration pe
42、rspective as well as a high level global vision for IMT-2000. Section 8 of this Handbook describes the starting points: candidate systems and telecommunications infrastructures. Section 9 discusses possible evolution methodologies and scenarios. Section I O discusses characteristics and functionalit
43、ies of IMT-2000 that could be used to facilitate the evolution of pre-IMT-2000 systems. Section 11 provides a summary of several important conclusions that were reached in the preparation of this Handbook. The appendix to this Handbook contains a list of the ITU Recommendations on IMT-2000. 2.1 Duri
44、ng the last few years, large second generation mobile communication networks have been built up in many parts of the world. In Europe, the penetration of mobile users has increased steadily. Some service providers foresee that the penetration of mobile users will reach about 50% within the next deca
45、de. The networks built up so far are mostly designed to provide coverage over the territory of a country, so these are large networks. The flexibility in using these networks and the high degree of mobility is a feature of second generation systems. Mobility between networks is today an important as
46、pect. In the Americas, the coverage provided by a network operator tends to be regional, based on the population density. Some service providershetwork operators are providing coverage in multi- geographic areas using analogue and digital technologies and providing service in multiple frequency band
47、s. In this case, transparent roaming and handover is becoming the normal method of operation. New personal communications service systems have started commercial operation on frequencies near 2 GHz and will be significantly expanded over the next one or two years. In some administrations, existing c
48、ellular systems are already evolving or being replaced with digital systems and are providing a greater range of services and improved quality. Some administrations have also implemented international cross-border roaming. The Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL) has recommended that
49、in the Americas the frequency band 1 850 - 1 990 MHz is designated for the implementation of personal communications service and that CTTEL member administrations, in the introduction of personal communications service systems, consider strategies for the evolution towards IMT-2000. Region 3 countries consist of a mix of developed countries and developing countries. The needs of each country vary according to the market situation of mobile services and the requirement to supplement the fixed service infrastructure. In Region 3, many kinds of
