1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1184-3 (01/2018) Technical characteristics of mobile satellite systems in the frequency bands below 3 GHz for use in developing criteria for sharing between the mobile-satellite service (MSS) and other services M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellit
2、e services ii Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency r
3、ange on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU
4、-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guid
5、elines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archiv
6、al and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space appli
7、cations and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in Engl
8、ish under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2018 ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1184-3 Technical character
9、istics of mobile satellite systems in the frequency bands below 3 GHz for use in developing criteria for sharing between the mobile-satellite service (MSS) and other services (Question ITU-R 201-1/4) (1995-2000-2003-2018) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that, while some MSS syste
10、m parameters are still under development, a summary of representative technical characteristics of MSS systems is useful for conducting sharing studies and for development of appropriate sharing criteria by the ITU-R; b) that MSS system designs will evolve and new MSS systems may be proposed and the
11、refore representative characteristics should be maintained as an on-going activity, noting a) that the necessary frequency sharing studies require the involvement of several Radiocommunication Study Groups; b) that the technical parameters in this Recommendation are referenced and used in several ot
12、her ITU-R Recommendations; c) that MSS networks and the associated lists of the technical parameters in this Recommendation have been chosen specifically for use in modelling frequency sharing and interference, recommends 1 that the representative technical characteristics for non-GSO MSS systems, a
13、s given in Annexes 1 and 2, should be considered by the ITU-R in conducting sharing studies and in the development of Recommendations on sharing criteria for non-GSO MSS systems; 2 that the representative technical characteristics for geostationary MSS systems given in Annex 1 should be considered f
14、or conducting sharing studies and in the development of ITU-R Recommendations on sharing criteria for geostationary MSS systems; 3 that the characteristics given in Annexes 1 and 2 should be updated periodically to reflect changes in the MSS example system designs and to incorporate new MSS system e
15、xamples as they are proposed and as their designs mature. 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 Annex 1 Characteristics of representative 1-3 GHz MSS networks 1 Satellite orbits Currently, the GSO is being used for the MSS. Some proposed mobile-satellite systems plan to use non-GSO orbits. Suitable orbits are deter
16、mined by coverage requirements, service considerations and frequency sharing, as well as other considerations. 2 Global and regional/national GSO systems Current Inmarsat and Russian Volna satellites utilize Earth-coverage antennas to provide near-global coverage from the GSO. The Russian systems ar
17、e similar to those of Inmarsat systems, the characteristics of which are presented in Table 2. Several administrations are implementing regional/national GSO mobile-satellite systems to provide aeronautical, land and maritime services at 1.6/1.5 GHz. In addition to the above systems at 1.6/1.5 GHz,
18、Japan is planning to put into operation a GSO mobile-satellite system in the 2.6/2.5 GHz bands, and China has deployed its mobile-satellite system to provide regional service in the 1.6/2.5 GHz bands. The future generation of Inmarsat and Russian satellites and the planned regional and national syst
19、ems will use spot beam to provide greater spectrum efficiency and conserve transmitted power of the satellite and mobile earth station. China is planning to deploy the future generation of mobile-satellite system to provide its global service in the 1.6/2.5 GHz bands. 2.1 Maritime mobile-satellite s
20、ervice The Inmarsat Fleet Broadband (FBB) system which is based on IMT-2000 standards provides broadband data and voice, simultaneously, as well as ISDN data capability through a compact antenna on a global basis. The Inmarsat-C system provides store and forward data and telex using small, low cost
21、equipment. 2.2 Aeronautical mobile-satellite service The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service (AMS(R)S), airborne equipment have been published in Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil A
22、viation. The SARPs include a requirement for priority and pre-emption for safety communications over all other communications. All systems providing AMS(R)S services to the international civil aviation community have to conform with the applicable ICAO SARPs. In summary, the aeronautical satellite c
23、ommunication systems will have to take into account the priority needs for safe operation of aircraft and the avionics will have to satisfy the severe requirements of aircraft environments. 2.3 Land mobile-satellite service The land mobile-satellite service (LMSS) has proven to be an effective means
24、 for providing dependable communications in remote and sparsely populated areas, either as extensions of terrestrial VHF and UHF networks or as replacements for HF networks. Worldwide roaming capability is a mandatory function of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) and the satell
25、ite component defined in Recommendations ITU-R M.687 and ITU-R M.818 is one of the important components that encourage the IMT-2000 capability. The interworking of the mobile-satellite system Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 3 with the terrestrial system can encourage user convenience within not only IMT-2000 bu
26、t also general LMSS. 2.4 Distress and safety service Tables 1 to 3 present representative technical characteristics of service links for selected MSS networks that utilize space stations in GSOs. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 TABLE 1a Technical characteristics of GSO mobile-satellite systems (service return
27、 link) System Parameter GSO A B C D E F G H Polarization Feeder link Linear Linear Linear Linear Circular Linear Circular Circular Service link RHCP RHCP RHCP RHCP RHCP Circular LHCP LHCP Direction of transmission Earth-to-space Earth-to-space Earth-to-space Earth-to-space Earth-to-space Earth-to-sp
28、ace Earth-to-space Earth-to-space Frequency bands Feeder link (GHz) 5 12 11 11 4 4, 11, 12 4 4 Service link (GHz) 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 Orbit Altitude (km) 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 Satellite separation (degrees) 120 78 Not applicable Not applicable * Not appl
29、icable 20 to 30 20 to 30 Number of satellites 3 2 1 1 4 to 6 1 or 2 5 to 8 5 to 8 Orbital planes Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Inclination angle Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not a
30、pplicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Satellite antennas Number of beams (service link) 180 50 7 28 250 Over 200 2 7 Beam size (degrees) 1 1 6 2 * 0.7 7 6 Satellite coverage area Global Regional North America, Alaska, Hawaii North America, Alaska, Hawaii Global Regional Regional Reg
31、ional Average beam side lobes (dB) * 25 25 25 * 20 20 20 Beam frequency reuse 5 5 1.3 2 * 1 to 30 * * Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 5 TABLE 1a (end) System Parameter GSO A B C D E F G H Link characteristics Nominal user e.i.r.p. (dBW) 6 0.5 12.5 10.9 1 to 8 7.5 to 3.5 5 to 12 3 to 10 EOC satellite G/T (dB(K1)
32、 10 11 3.0 9.8 11 15.7 3 1 Transmission parameters Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK BPSK BPSK Coding FEC FEC * * FEC FEC FEC FEC Access scheme CDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA/ TDMA FDMA/ TDMA CDMA CDMA Duplex scheme * FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FULL FULL Frame length Not applicable Not applicable Not appl
33、icable Not applicable * 40 20 to 200 20 to 1100 Burst rate (kbit/s) Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 32 46.8 8 4 to 16 Chip rate (Mchip/s) 8.33 Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 4.1 4.1 Voice activity factor 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
34、Not applicable Not applicable RF carrier spacing (MHz) * 0.006 0.006 0.006 * 0.03125 Not applicable Not applicable RF channel spacing (MHz) * 0.006 0.006 0.006 * 0.03125 Not applicable Not applicable Modulation bandwidth (MHz) * 0.0045 0.0047 0.0047 * 0.0234 8.2 8.2 Required Eb /N0 (dB) Voice 2.5 9.
35、0 9.0 9.0 4.0 3.5 Not applicable Not applicable Data 4.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 * 5.5 to 7.0 7.0 7.0 Maximum MES antenna discrimination towards the horizon (dBi) * 7 7 7 1.0 7 to 19 * * NOTE 1 See the legend for special terms and symbols at the end of Table 4. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 TABLE 1b Technical character
36、istics of GSO mobile-satellite systems (service forward link) System Parameter GSO A B C D E F G H Polarization Feeder link Linear Linear * * Circular Linear Circular Circular Service link RHCP RHCP * * RHCP Circular RHCP RHCP Direction of transmission Space-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Sp
37、ace-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Space-to-Earth Frequency bands Feeder link (GHz) 6 14 13 13 6 6, 13, 14 6 6 Service (GHz) 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.5 2.5 Orbit Altitude (km) 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 36 000 Satellite separation (degrees) 120 78 Not ap
38、plicable Not applicable * Not applicable 20 to 30 20 to 30 Number of satellites 3 2 1 1 4 to 6 1 or 2 5 to 8 5 to 8 Orbital planes Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Inclination angle Not applicable Not applicable N
39、ot applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Satellite antennas Number of beams (service link) 180 50 7 28 150 Over 200 2 7 Beam size (degrees) 1 1 * * * 0.7 7 6 Satellite coverage area Global Regional North America, Alaska, Hawaii North America, Alaska, H
40、awaii Global Regional Regional Regional Average beam side lobes (dB) * 25 25 25 * 20 20 20 Beam frequency reuse 5 5 1.2 2 * 1 to 30 * * Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 7 TABLE 1b (continued) System Parameter GSO A B C D E F G H Link characteristics Maximum e.i.r.p./beam (dBW) 45.8 53.5 58.4 52.8 * * 54 54 Avera
41、ge gain/beam (dBi) * 44 32 41.1 * 44.5 27 27 e.i.r.p./carrier (dBW) 28.8 30 30 35.5 42 24.5 to 45.0 46 to 54 46 to 54 e.i.r.p./shadowed user (dBW) * 30 30 35.5 * * * * e.i.r.p./unshadowed user (dBW) * 30 30 35.5 * * * * e.i.r.p./CDMA channel (dBW) Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not app
42、licable Not applicable Not applicable 54 54 pfd level per beam carrier (dB(W/(m2 4 kHz) * 131 131.0 127.5 123.0 138.0 to 117.5 141 141 Transmission parameters Number of channels/satellite * 5 000 2 000 10 000 5 000 20 000 2 7 User G/T (dB(K1) 20 22 16 16 23 23.5 to 9.0 24 24 Minimum elevation angle
43、(degrees) 5 5 5 5 10 20 10 10 Lifetime (years) 12 12 12 12 10 to 12 12 10 to 15 10 to 15 Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Coding FEC FEC FEC FEC FEC FEC FEC FEC Access scheme CDMA FDMA/ TDMA FDMA FDMA TDMA FDMA/ TDMA CDMA CDMA Frame length (ms) * Not applicable Not applicable Not a
44、pplicable * 40 40 120 Burst rate (kbit/s) Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 32 46.8 Not applicable Not applicable Chip rate (Mchip/s) 8.33 Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable * Not applicable 4.1 8.2 Voice activity factor 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 Not applicable Not
45、applicable 8 Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 TABLE 1b (end) System Parameter GSO A B C D E F G H Required Eb/N0 (dB) Voice 2.5 9 9 9 * 3.5 Not applicable Not applicable Data 4.1 9 9 9 * 5.5 to 7.0 7 6 MES geographical distribution * * * * * * Regional Regional Maximum permissible levels of interference power *
46、* * * * * * * NOTE See the legend for special terms and symbols at the end of Table 4. Rec. ITU-R M.1184-3 9 TABLE 2 Inmarsat GSO systems overview IDP C Hand held (GSPS) Land Maritime Aeronautical High gain Low gain High gain Low gain High gain Low gain Service LMSS MMSS LMSS LMSS LMSS MMSS MMSS AMS
47、S AMS(R)S AMSS AMS(R)S Typical mobile station antenna gain (dBi) 0 0 2 12 9 16 9 12 6 Antenna type (example) Patch Quad helix Quad Helix Phased array Phased array Phased array Phased array Phased array Phased array Typical antenna size 5 cm 5 cm diameter 12 cm 50 cm diameter 30 cm diameter 50 cm dia
48、meter 30 cm diameter 2 panels 60 60 cm 20 15 cm Mobile earth station figure of merit (G/T) (dB(K1) 23 24 10 15.5 7.5 15.5 13 20 Mobile earth station e.i.r.p./channel (dBW) 3 11 5 18 15.1 22 15.1 20 15.1 User data rate 600 bits/s 600 bit/s Voice service 500 kbit/s 250 kbit/s 500 kbit/s 250 kbit/s 500
49、 kbit/s 250 kbit/s Modulation 32ary FSK BPSK GMSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM Typical C/N0 for communication channel (dB(Hz) 27 32 51 67 57 67 57 67 57 Satellite e.i.r.p./channel (dBW) 20 20 43 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 Channel spacing (nominal) (kHz) 5 5 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Satellite peak antenna gain (1) (dBi) 18 18 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 (1) Nominal value for first and second generation satellites. NOTE 1 See the legend for special terms and symbols at the end of Table 4. 10 Rec.
