1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1465-2 (02/2015) Characteristics of and protection criteria for radars operating in the radiodetermination service in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 Foreword The role of th
2、e Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. T
3、he regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy
4、 for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for
5、 ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting serv
6、ice (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordina
7、tion between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. E
8、lectronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1465-2 Characteristics of and protection criteria for radars operating in the radio
9、determination service in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz (2000-2007-2015) Scope This Recommendation provides technical and operational characteristics, as well as protection criteria, of operational land/ship/air based radars in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz. The Recommendation includes re
10、presentative characteristics on the transmitter, receiver, and antenna components, as well as deployment information, of these radars. Keywords Characteristics, protection criteria, ship radar, ground-based radar, airborne radar Abbreviations/Glossary AMSL Above mean sea level ATC Air traffic contro
11、l MTI Moving target indication PPI Planned position indicator The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that antenna, signal propagation, target detection, and large necessary bandwidth characteristics of radar to achieve their functions are optimum in certain frequency bands; b) that the
12、technical characteristics of radars operating in the radiodetermination service are determined by the mission of the system and vary widely even within a frequency band; c) that the radionavigation service is a safety service as specified by No. 4.10 of the Radio Regulations (RR) and harmful interfe
13、rence to it cannot be accepted; d) that considerable radiolocation and radionavigation spectrum allocations (amounting to about 1 GHz) have been removed or downgraded since WARC-79; e) that some Radiocommunication Study Groups are considering the potential for the introduction of new types of system
14、s (e.g., fixed wireless access and high density fixed and mobile systems) or services in frequency bands between 420 MHz and 34 GHz used by radars in the radiodetermination service; f) that representative technical and operational characteristics of systems operating in frequency bands allocated to
15、the radiodetermination service are required to determine the feasibility of introducing new types of systems; g) that procedures and methodologies are needed to analyse compatibility between radars operating in the radiodetermination service and systems in other services; h) that the frequency band
16、3 100-3 400 MHz is allocated to the radiolocation service on a primary basis in all three Regions; 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 i) that the frequency band 3 400-3 600 MHz is allocated to the radiolocation service on a secondary basis in Region 1; j) that the frequency band 3 400-3 600 MHz is allocated to t
17、he radiolocation service on a primary basis in Regions 2 and 3; k) that the frequency band 3 600-3 700 MHz is allocated to the radiolocation service on a secondary basis in Regions 2 and 3; l) that the frequency band 3 100-3 300 MHz is also allocated to the radionavigation service on a primary basis
18、 in the countries listed in No. 5.428 of the RR, recognizing a) that No. 5.433 of the RR states that in Regions 2 and 3, in the frequency band 3 400-3 600 MHz the radiolocation service is allocated on a primary basis. However, all administrations operating radiolocation systems in this frequency ban
19、d are urged to cease operations by 1985. Thereafter, administrations shall take all practicable steps to protect the fixed-satellite service and coordination requirements shall not be imposed on the fixed-satellite service, recommends 1 that the technical and operational characteristics of the radio
20、location radars described in Annex 1 should be considered representative of those operating in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz; 2 that Recommendation ITU-R M.1461 should be used as a guideline in analysing compatibility between radars operating in the radiodetermination service with systems in o
21、ther services; 3 that the criterion of interfering signal power to radar receiver noise power level, I/N, of 6 dB should be used as the required protection level for the radiolocation systems, and that this represents the net protection level if multiple interferers are present. Annex 1 Technical an
22、d operational characteristics of radiolocation radars operating in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz 1 Introduction The characteristics of radiolocation radars operating in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz are presented in Table 1, and are discussed further in the following paragraphs. Rec. ITU
23、-R M.1465-2 3 TABLE 1 Table of characteristics of radiolocation systems in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz Parameter Units Land-based systems Ship systems Airborne system A B A B C D A Use Surface and air search Surface search Surface and air search Surface and air search Modulation P0N/Q3N P0N
24、P0N Q7N P0N/Q7N Q7N Q7N Tuning range GHz 3.1-3.7 3.5-3.7 3.1-3.5 3.1-3.5 3.1-3.7 Tx power into antenna (Peak) kW 640 1 000 1 000 4 000-6 400 60-200 4-90 1 000 Pulse width s 160-1 000 1.0-15 0.25, 0.6 6.4-51.2 0.1-1000 0.1-100 1.25(1) Repetition rate kHz 0.020-2 0.536 1.125 0.152-6.0 0.3-10 0.5-10 2
25、Compression ratio 48 000 Not applicable Not applicable 64-512 Up to 20 000 Up to 400 250 Type of compression Not available Not applicable Not applicable CPFSK Not available Not available Not available Duty cycle % 2-32 0.005-0.8 0.28, 0.67 0.8-2.0 Max 20 Max 20 5 Tx bandwidth (3 dB) MHz 25/300 2 4,
26、16.6 4 25 3,15 30 Antenna gain dBi 39 40 32 42 Up to 40 Up to 40 40 Antenna type Parabolic Parabolic PA -SWA Beamwidth (H,V) degrees 1.72 1.05, 2.2 1.75, 4.4, csc2 to 30 1.7, 1.7 1.1-5,1.1-5 1.5-6, 4-20 1.2, 6.0 Vertical scan type Not available Not applicable Not applicable Random Not applicable Not
27、 applicable Not available Maximum vertical degrees 93.5 Not Not 90 60 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 Parameter Units Land-based systems Ship systems Airborne system A B A B C D A scan applicable applicable Vertical scan rate degrees/s 15 Not applicable Not applicable Instantaneous Not availableHorizontal sca
28、n type Not applicable Rotating Rotating Random Continuous 360 + Sector Continuous 360 + Sector Rotating Maximum horizontal scan degrees 360 360 360 360 Horizontal scan rate degrees/s 15 25.7 24 Not applicable 30-360 50-180 36 Polarization RHCP V H V Not available V Not available Rx sensitivity dBm N
29、ot available 112 112 Not available Not available Not available Not available S/N criteria dB Not applicable 0 14 Not available Not available Not available Not available Rx noise figure dB 3.1 4.0 4.8 5.0 1.5 1.5 3 Rx RF bandwidth (3 dB) MHz Not available 2.0 Not available 400 Not available Rx IF ban
30、dwidth (3 dB) MHz 380 0.67 8 10 10-30 2-20 1 Deployment area Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide (1) 100 ns compressed. CPFSK: Continuous-phase FSK PA: Phased array SWA: Slotted waveguide array Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 5 2 Technical characteristics The frequency range 3
31、100-3 700 MHz is used by radars with installations on land, on ships and on aircraft. In general, the predominant use by mobile radars is on ships and aircraft while the fixed, land-based systems are operated at test ranges and are often deployed aboard tethered balloons for surveillance over land o
32、r coastal areas. Functions performed include search for near-surface and high altitude airborne objects, sea surveillance, tracking of airborne objects, and for multi-purpose test range instrumentation. Both unmodulated and angle modulated pulse modulation is employed and the typical peak transmitte
33、r power ranges from 500 kW to 6 400 kW. Low duty cycles are employed for search radar functions with typical values ranging less than 1%. Receiver noise figures typically range from 3.1 dB to 16 dB. Table 1 contains representative characteristics for two land-based radar systems, two ship systems an
34、d one airborne system operating in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz. 2.1 Land-based radars 2.1.1 Land-based radar operations Land-based radars operating in the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz are employed usually for test operations on and off test ranges. Many of these radars are mobile in the s
35、ense that they are often mounted on wheeled vehicles to relocate the radar to provide search and tracking functions for airborne vehicles along extended flight paths. Others are installed in fixed locations at test ranges where they also provide both search and tracking functions. Land-based System
36、B, in Table 1, is tethered at up to 4 600 m altitude to provide extended range surveillance of up to 275 km. Land-based system A depicted in Table 1 operates mainly during daylight hours in good flying weather with occasional night operations while the tethered balloon borne radars operate continuou
37、sly. 2.1.2 Transmitter Transmitters are tunable and are subject to operating anywhere within the frequency range 3 100-3 700 MHz. Unmodulated pulse, single-channel angle modulated and multichannel angle-modulated modulations are employed. 2.1.3 Receiver Many of the test range radar receivers have sp
38、ecial gating circuits for correlation of video data and data feed to various displays, operator consoles and recording devices. The video data received by the tethered balloon radar is relayed to ground operator facilities by both radio (fixed service) and wire. 2.1.4 Antenna Antennas are designed f
39、or their special purpose on the test range but operate with main beam gain up to 40 dBi, are electronically steered and are usually directed skyward in random directions increasing the possibility of illuminating space borne objects and receiving energy from them. The tethered balloon radars direct
40、their antennas at the horizon to a few degrees above it. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1465-2 2.2 Shipborne radar 2.2.1 Ship-based operations Four representative types of shipboard radars operating in the frequency range 3.1-3.7 GHz are depicted in Table 1 as System A through D. System A is used as a primary aircr
41、aft carrier air traffic control system. System B is multifunction radar deployed aboard escort ships. Operational areas of these shipboard radars include littoral and high seas. These radars are typically operated on a round-the-clock schedule. When providing escort for other ships, it is not uncomm
42、on to find up to ten of these radars operating simultaneously. In addition to the shipboard systems there are fixed systems on land that are used for training and testing. Also, routine maintenance and testing operations require that these radars be operated occasionally in certain port areas. A Sys
43、tem A equipped ship is almost always accompanied by at least one System B equipped ship. 2.2.2 Transmitter System A transmits in the frequency band 3 500-3 700 MHz with a peak power of 1 000 kW. System B transmits in the frequency range 3 100-3 500 MHz with a peak power of 6.4 MW and utilizes a comb
44、ination of phase modulation and frequency hopping. Emissions are frequency agile over ten frequency bands, each 40 MHz wide, designated as frequency bands 1 through 10. The sequence of variable pulse widths is random. 2.2.3 Receiver System A receivers are as described in Table 1 and have the usual f
45、eatures of air traffic control (ATC) systems for false target/clutter reduction, moving target indication (MTI), short/long range selection and video feed to planned position indicator (PPI) scopes; its tuning range is the same as the transmitter. The System B receiver operates in the frequency rang
46、e 3 100-3 500 MHz. The receiver characteristics are not available but are assumed to be modern receivers with much processing gain needed to detect multiple and varied objects at extended ranges, in heavy clutter and in adverse weather. 2.2.4 Antenna System A uses a mechanically rotating reflector t
47、ype antenna with an azimuth beamwidth of 1.75 and csc2 beam in elevation from 4.4 to 30 with a mainbeam gain of 32 dBi. The nominal antenna height is 46 m above mean sea level (AMSL). System B uses four planar electronically-steered phased-array antennas to provide 360 coverage with a mainbeam gain
48、of 42 dBi. The nominal height of the Radar B antenna is 20 m AMSL. 2.3 Airborne radar Airborne radars found in this frequency band take advantage of the spectrum properties found at this wavelength to conduct long-range surveillance, target tracking and ATC. The spectrum characteristics for typical
49、airborne radar found in this frequency band are depicted in Table 1. This system is a multifunction, phased-array radar that is deployed on surveillance aircraft of a number of administrations. The antenna of this system is a large, slotted waveguide array assembly mounted atop of the airframe. It provides 40 dBi mainbeam gain and its sidelobe gain has been estimated to be 10 dBi. The aircraft carrying these radars are capable of worldwide operations. In addition to their air surveillance and ATC functions they also have a sea surveillance mode. This airborne syst
