1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1638-1 (01/2015) Characteristics of and protection criteria for sharing studies for radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and aeronautical radionavigation radars operating in the frequency bands between 5 250 and 5 850 MHz M Series Mobile, radiodeterminati
2、on, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out stud
3、ies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intel
4、lectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/IT
5、U-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR
6、Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-
7、satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Rec
8、ommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 1 RECOMMENDATION IT
9、U-R M.1638-1 Characteristics of and protection criteria for sharing studies for radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and aeronautical radionavigation radars operating in the frequency bands between 5 250 and 5 850 MHz (2003-2015) Scope This Recommendation describes the technical
10、 and operational characteristics of, and protection criteria for, radars operating in the frequency band 5 250-5 850 MHz, except ground based meteorological radars which are contained in Recommendation ITU-R M.1849. These characteristics are intended for use when assessing the compatibility of these
11、 systems with other services. Keywords Radar, shipborne, land-based, aeronautical, protection, multi-function Abbreviations/Glossary ARNS Aeronautical radionavigation service ECCM Electronic counter measures The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that antenna, signal propagation, target
12、 detection, and large necessary bandwidth characteristics of radar to achieve their functions are optimum in certain frequency bands; b) that the technical characteristics of radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and radionavigation radars are determined by the mission of the sys
13、tem and vary widely even within a band; c) that the radionavigation service is a safety service as specified by No. 4.10 of the Radio Regulations (RR) and requires special measures to ensure its freedom from harmful interference; d) that representative technical and operational characteristics of ra
14、diolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and radionavigation radars are required to address sharing and compatibility with these systems as necessary; e) that procedures and methodologies to analyse compatibility between radars and systems in other services are provided in Recommendat
15、ion ITU-R M.1461; f) that radiolocation, radionavigation and meteorological radars operate in the frequency bands between 5 250-5 850 MHz; g) that ground-based radars used for meteorological purposes are authorized to operate in the frequency band 5 600-5 650 MHz on a basis of equality with stations
16、 in the aeronautical radionavigation service (ARNS) (see RR No. 5.452); h) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1849 contains technical and operational aspects of ground based meteorological radars and can be used as a guideline in analysing sharing and compatibility between ground based meteorological radar
17、s with systems in other services, 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 recommends 1 that the technical and operational characteristics of the radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and radionavigation radars described in Annex 1 should be considered representative of those operating in the frequ
18、ency bands between 5 250 and 5 850 MHz; 2 that Recommendation ITU-R M.1461 should be used as a guideline in analysing sharing and compatibility between radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and radionavigation radars with systems in other services; 3 that the criterion of interfe
19、ring signal power to radar (except to ground based meteorological radars) receiver noise power level I/N, of 6 dB should be used as the required protection trigger level for the radiodetermination sharing studies with other services. This protection criterion represents the net protection level if m
20、ultiple interferers are present. Annex 1 Characteristics of radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and aeronautical radionavigation radars 1 Introduction The frequency bands between 5 250 and 5 850 MHz that are allocated to the ARNS, radionavigation and radiolocation services on a
21、 primary basis as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 Band (MHz) Allocation 5 250-5 255 Radiolocation 5 255-5 350 Radiolocation 5 350-5 460 Aeronautical radionavigation Radiolocation 5 460-5 470 Radiolocation Radionavigation 5 470-5 570 Maritime radionavigation Radiolocation(1) 5 570-5 650 Maritime radionavig
22、ation Radiolocation 5 650-5 725 Radiolocation 5 725-5 850 Radiolocation (1) In accordance with RR No. 5.452, between 5600 and 5650 MHz, ground-based radars for meteorological purposes are authorized to operate on a basis of equality with stations in the maritime radionavigation service. Recommendati
23、on ITU-R M.1849 contains characteristics of ground based meteorological radars. Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 3 The radiolocation radars perform a variety of functions, such as: tracking space launch vehicles and aeronautical vehicles undergoing developmental and operational testing; sea and air surveillance;
24、 environmental measurements (e.g. study of ocean water cycles and weather phenomena such as hurricanes); Earth imaging; and national defense and multinational peacekeeping. The aeronautical radionavigation radars are used primarily for airborne weather avoidance and windshear detection, and perform
25、a safety service (see RR No. 4.10). In Table 2, there are multifunction radars. Multifunction radar can perform search, tracking, radionavigation including weather detection, functions with the same antenna in a single frequency band. For example in airborne applications, mechanically steered antenn
26、as or phase array antennas are commonly used, and the functions typically include search and tracking of aerial and surface target search, and terrain and weather avoidance. In shipborne applications mechanically steered antennas or phase array antennas are commonly used, and the functions typically
27、 include search and tracking of aerial and surface target search and weather avoidance. These multifunction radars provide space and weight (essential in the airborne applications) saving, and adaptable operating modes base on changing requirements. 2 Technical characteristics The frequency bands be
28、tween 5 250 and 5 850 MHz are used by many different types of radars on land-based fixed, shipborne, airborne, and transportable platforms. Table 2 contains technical characteristics of representative systems deployed in these bands. This information is generally sufficient for general calculations
29、to assess the compatibility between these radars and other systems. These radars are conventionally operated as monostatic radar with transmitter and receiver at the same location (Fig. 1a). However, Radars 10A and 14A of Table 2 are additionally operated as bistatic radar where the transmitter and
30、receiver are spatially separated (Fig. 1b). The advantage of the separation of transmitter and receiver is the possible enhancement of the radar cross-section of an object. The effect is exemplarily shown in Fig. 1c for a square plane. This is especially important if the object to be detected does n
31、ot reflect much energy in the direction of the incident radar signal. The distance between the transmitter and receiver (baseline) is typically in the range of 30-50 km. Synchronization of the transmitter and receiver can be achieved by a radio link or global navigation satellite service or by time
32、standards. This operation mode with passive receiver at a different location than the transmitter should be taken into account in compatibility studies. Since the receivers are not changed, the protection criteria of the mono-static and bi-static radar receiver are equal. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 FIGUR
33、E 1 1a: Monostatic radar; 1b: Bi-static radar; 1c: Diffracted power of a simple square plane M - 0 1. 1 6 3 8B ac k s ca t t er eden er g yT x / R xIn ci d en t w av eD i ff ra ct ed p o w erb as el i n eTx RxR ef l ec t ed en er g y This Table contains characteristics of some frequency-hopping rada
34、rs which are operating in this frequency range. Frequency hopping is one of the most common electronic-counter-counter-measures (ECCM). Radar systems that are designed to operate in hostile electronic attack environments use frequency hopping as one of its ECCM techniques. This type of radar typical
35、ly divides its allocated frequency band into channels. The radar then randomly selects a channel from all available channels for transmission. This random occupation of a channel can occur on a per beam position basis where many pulses on the same channel are transmitted, or on a per pulse basis. Th
36、is important aspect of radar systems should be considered and the potential impact of frequency hopping radars should be taken into account in sharing studies.Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 5 TABLE 2 Characteristics of radiolocation (except ground based meteorological radars) and aeronautical radionavigation r
37、adars Characteristics Units Radar 1 Radar 2 Radar 3 Radar 4 Radar 5 Radar 6 Radar 7 Radar 8 Radar 9 Function Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Surface and air search Multifunction Surface and air search Research and Earth imaging Search Platform type (ai
38、rborne, shipborne, ground) Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ship Ship Airborne Airborne Tuning range MHz 5 300 5 350-5 850 5 350-5 850 5 400-5 900 5 400-5 900 5 300 5 450-5 825 5 300 5 250-5 725 Modulation N/A None None Pulse/chirp pulse Chirp pulse Linear FM None Non-linear/ linear FM CW pulse Tx
39、 power into antenna kW 250 2 800 1 200 1 000 165 360 285 1 or 16 0.1- 0.4 Pulse width s 1.0 0.25, 1.0, 5.0 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 0.25-1 (unmodulated) 3.1-50 (chirp) 100 20.0 0.1/0.25/1.0 7 or 8 1.0 Pulse rise/fall time s 0.1/0.2 0.02-0.5 0.02-0.05 0.02-0.1 0.5 0.5 0.03/0.05/0.1 0.5 0.05 Pulse repetition ra
40、te pps 3 000 160, 640 160, 640 20-1 280 320 500 2 400/1 200/ 750 1 000-4 000 200-1 500 Chirp bandwidth MHz N/A N/A N/A 4.0 8.33 1.5 N/A 62, 124 N/A RF emission bandwidth 3 dB 20 dB MHz 4.0 10.0 0.5-5 0.9-3.6 6.4-18 0.9-3.6 6.4-18 8.33 9.9 1.5 1.8 5.0/4.0/1.2 16.5/12.5/7.0 62, 124 65, 130 4.0 10.0 An
41、tenna pattern type (pencil, fan, cosecant-squared, etc.) Pencil Pencil Pencil Pencil Pencil Cosecant-squared Fan Fan Pencil Antenna type (reflector, phased array, slotted array, etc.) Parabolic reflector Parabolic Parabolic Phased array Phased array Parabolic Travelling wave feed horn array Two dual
42、 polarized horns on single pedestal Slotted array 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 TABLE 2 (cont.) Characteristics Units Radar 1 Radar 2 Radar 3 Radar 4 Radar 5 Radar 6 Radar 7 Radar 8 Radar 9 Antenna polarization Vertical/left-hand circular Vertical/left-hand circular Vertical/left-hand circular Vertical/left
43、-hand circular Vertical/left-hand circular Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal and vertical Circular Antenna main beam gain dBi 38.3 54 47 45.9 42 28.0 30.0 26 30-40 Antenna elevation beamwidth degrees 2.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 24.8 28.0 28.0 2-4 Antenna azimuthal beamwidth degrees 2.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 2.6 1.
44、6 3.0 2-4 Antenna horizontal scan rate degrees/s N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) 36, 72 90 N/A 20 Antenna horizontal scan type (continuous, random, 360, sector, etc.) degrees N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) Continu
45、ous 360 30-270 Sector Fixed to left or right of flight path Continuous Antenna vertical scan rate degrees/s N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A N/A N/A N/A Antenna vertical scan type (continuous, random, 360, sector, etc.) degrees N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracki
46、ng) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A (Tracking) N/A Fixed Fixed in elevation (20 to 70) N/A Antenna side-lobe (SL) levels (1st SLs and remote SLs) dB 20 20 20 22 22 20 25 22 25 Antenna height m 20 20 8-20 20 20 40 40 To 8 000 9 000 Receiver IF 3 dB bandwidth MHz 1 4.8, 2.4, 0.25 4, 2, 1 2-8 8 1.5 1
47、.2, 10 90, 147 1 Receiver noise figure dB 6 5 5 11 5 5 10 4.9 3.5 Minimum discernable signal dBm 105 107 100 107, 117 100 107 94 (short/medium pulse) 102 (wide pulse) 90, 87 110 Rec. ITU-R M.1638-1 7 TABLE 2 (cont.) Characteristics Unit Radar 10 Radar 10A Radar 11 Radar 12 Radar 13 Radar 14 Radar 14
48、A Radar 15 Function Radionavigation, Surface and Air Search Radionavigation, Surface and Air Search Radiolocation Radiolocation Radiolocation Radiolocation Radiolocation Radiolocation Platform type (airborne, shipborne, ground) Shipborne Ground Ground (bistatic) Ground Shipborne Ground Ground Ground
49、 (bistatic) Ground Tuning range MHz 5 250-5 875 5 250-5 875 5 250-5 350 5 400-5 900 5 450-5 850 5 300-5 800 5 300-5 800 5 400-5 850 Modulation Bi-phase Barker Code Bi-phase Barker Code Coded Pulse Coded Pulse Pulsed, non-coherent NA NA Un-Modulated Pulse Tx power into antenna kW 90 90 0.400 25 750 50 50 1 000 Pulse width us 0.30-14.0 0.30-14.0 0.08 0.32 1 NA NA .25-1 Pulse rise/fall time us 0.04-0.1 0.04-0.1 .03/.03 .015/.035 .108/.216 .100/.100 .100/.100 .150/.200 Pulse repetition rate pps 4 000-5 000 4 000-5 000 5 000 8 000 160-1 280 NA NA 160 -
