1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1824-1 (02/2015) System characteristics of television outside broadcast, electronic news gathering and electronic field production in the mobile service for use in sharing studies M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.1824
2、-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Reco
3、mmendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described i
4、n the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of th
5、e Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for telev
6、ision BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Freq
7、uency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detaile
8、d in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1824-1* System characteristics of television outside broa
9、dcast, electronic news gathering and electronic field production in the mobile service for use in sharing studies (Questions ITU-R 1/5 and ITU-R 7/5) (2007-2015) Scope This Recommendation, dealing with system characteristics of television outside broadcast (TVOB), electronic news gathering (ENG) and
10、 electronic field production (EFP) in the mobile service to assist sharing studies, contains the typical operational and technical characteristics of broadcast auxiliary services (BAS)1, which are required for sharing studies both between the BAS in the mobile service and other radiocommunication se
11、rvices and between mobile broadband networks used for ENG applications in the mobile service and other radiocommunication services. Keywords ENG, BAS, SAB, Mobile broadband The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that some administrations operate extensive terrestrial broadcast auxiliary
12、 services (BAS) under mobile service allocations; b) that some administrations are migrating from analogue to digital terrestrial BAS under mobile allocations; c) that many administrations are likely to operate BAS including both terrestrial analogue and digital electronic news gathering (ENG) and t
13、elevision outside broadcast (TVOB) equipment in the mobile allocations for a reasonable amount of time; d) that the frequency bands used for these BAS including TVOB, ENG and electronic field production (EFP) are, in many cases, shared by the mobile service and other services; e) that the technical
14、and operational characteristics of terrestrial BAS deployed under the mobile service are different from those systems deployed under the fixed service; f) that several types of antennas are used by the BAS operated in various vehicles, and those antennas are controlled in elevation and azimuth durin
15、g their operation to establish reliable links to the studio; g) that it is desirable to identify the system parameters and operational characteristics to facilitate sharing with other services; h) that ENG applications require low latency and high quality of service (QoS) transmission of high-defini
16、tion video and audio streams for live programmes; * This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of Radiocommunication Study Group 6. 1 The term “BAS”, also known as services ancillary to broadcasting (SAB), is defined in Report ITU-R BT.2069. 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 i) that ENG applications
17、 require reliable connectivity even in the event of a disaster, recognizing a) that Resolution ITU-R 59 (2012) resolves to carry out studies on availability of frequency bands and/or tuning ranges for worldwide and/or regional harmonization and conditions for their use by terrestrial electronic news
18、 gathering systems, noting a) that mobile broadband networks can be used for electronic news gathering (ENG) applications when it is advantageous to do so; b) that Recommendation ITU-R F.1777 provides system characteristics of television outside broadcast (TVOB), ENG and electronic field production
19、(EFP) in the fixed service for use in sharing studies; c) that Report ITU-R BT.2069 addresses spectrum usage and operational characteristics of terrestrial ENG, TVOB and EFP systems; d) that Report ITU-R BT.2299 Broadcasting for public warning, disaster mitigation and relief, provides a compilation
20、of supporting evidence that terrestrial broadcasting plays a critically important role in disseminating information to the public in times of emergencies, recommends 1 that the operational and technical characteristics described in Annex 1 should be used for sharing studies between BAS deployed in t
21、he mobile service in certain bands and other services; 2 that the operational and technical characteristics provided in Annex 2 should be used for sharing studies between mobile broadband networks used for ENG applications in the mobile service and other services. Annex 1 Operational and technical c
22、haracteristics of BAS systems deployed in the mobile service 1 Operational characteristics of BAS systems in the mobile service Broadcasters use several frequency bands and several types of antennas depending on the situation where terrestrial crews send and receive live images. Figures 1 and 2 are
23、examples of link situations. These systems are used for reporting the events of national disasters, contents production outside studio, etc. noting that the timing and location of national disaster events cannot be predicted. Moreover, since broadcasters need to send the live video of national disas
24、ters and the contents which are needed in programme production; the geographical relation between the ENG equipments and collecting station or relay station installed on the helicopter or vehicular cannot be predicted. As a consequence, the antennas of ENG equipment need to point to any azimuth and
25、elevation angle. Figure 1 shows the example operation for transmitting live video to the collecting station, in order to broadcast the events which occur at the suburban area. In this case, the terrestrial video engineer who Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 3 controls the microwave equipment points the antenna t
26、o the relay station installed on helicopter to avoid terrestrial obstacles. The relay station on the helicopter relays the live video to the collecting station which sends it to the broadcasting studio. The return link is also necessary to allow the terrestrial video engineers to collect information
27、 from the broadcasting studio. Figure 2 shows the example of operation for transmitting live video to the collecting station, in order to broadcast the events which occur at the urban area. In this case, there are several ways to make a microwave link to the collecting station. The camera crew ridin
28、g on the motorcycle takes the live video, and transmits it to the relay station installed on the vehicle which is also running in front of the motorcycle. In some cases, the relay station installed on the helicopter picks up the video which is transmitted by the camera crew riding on the motorcycle.
29、 A low gain antenna is usually used in these cases. The relay station installed on the vehicle also transmits live video to the helicopter which relays it to the collecting station, or directly transmits it to the collecting station by using a high gain antenna. Broadcasters choose the antenna and f
30、requency band depending on circumstances where the microwave links are to be established. FIGURE 1 Example of operation for transmitting video to the collecting stations via helicopter M . 1 8 2 4 - 0 1T erres t ri al crewCo l l ect i n g s t at i o nRel ay s t at i o n4 Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 FIGURE 2
31、 Example of operation for transmitting live video to the collecting stations via vehicles M . 1 8 2 4 - 0 2Co l l ect i n g s t at i o nRel ay s t at i o nRel ay s t at i o n2 Technical characteristics of BAS systems deployed in the mobile service2 Table 1 summarizes the technical parameters of BAS
32、video link systems. Table 2 summarizes the technical parameters of BAS talkback and walkie-talkie3 systems. Table 3 summarizes the technical parameters of BAS audio link systems4. 2 The radio microphone systems, which are currently operated in the bands 40.68 MHz to 47.27 MHz and 779.125 MHz to 805.
33、875 MHz on a licensed basis in Japan, are not included in this Recommendation. 3 These systems are used as the BAS audio link application in absence of alternative measures to establish the audio link. 4 The terminologies of video link, talkback and audio link systems are defined in the Report ITU-R
34、 BT.2069. Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 5 TABLE 1 Parameters of BAS video link systems operated in the mobile service Frequency allocation(1) 770-806 MHz (r2, R3, 5.293) 790-862 MHz (5.314, 5.316) 1 240-1 300 MHz (5.330) 2 330-2 370 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 5 850-5 925 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6 425-6 570 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6
35、870-7 125 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 10.25-10.45 GHz (R1, R3, 5.480) 10.55-10.68 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 12.95-13.25 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 41.55-41.95 GHz (r1, r2, r3, 5.551F) Note Antenna type and gain Helix (10-13 dBi) Helix (10-13 dBi) Parabolic (22-35 dBi) Helix (10-13 dBi) Parabolic (38-41 dBi) H, V or circular pola
36、rization YAGI (12-19 dBi) YAGI (12-19 dBi) Horn (5-20 dBi) N/A Circular polarization Co-linear (5-6 dBi) Non-directional (2 dBi) Co-linear (5-6 dBi) Non-directional (2 dBi) Horn (15-20 dBi) Non-directional (2 dBi) Horn (19 dBi) H and V polarization Tracking method Automatic or Manual Modulation QPSK
37、-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM 32-QAM-OFDM BPSK-OFDM QPSK-OFDM 8PSK-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM 32-QAM-OFDM 64-QAM-OFDM QPSK-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM 32-QAM-OFDM 64-QAM-OFDM N/A 16-QAM-OFDM is normally adopted FM FM FM Maximum capacity (Mbit/s) 16 30 60 30 60 30 60 N/A N/A Channel spacing (MHz) 9 9 18 9 18 9 18 N/A N/A For the dig
38、ital system 9 N/A N/A N/A 18 N/A 18 33 100 For the FM system 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 TABLE 1 (continued) Frequency allocation(1) 770-806 MHz (r2, R3, 5.293) 790-862 MHz (5.314, 5.316) 1 240-1 300 MHz (5.330) 2 330-2 370 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 5 850-5 925 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6 425-6 570 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6 870-7
39、 125 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 10.25-10.45 GHz (R1, R3, 5.480) 10.55-10.68 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 12.95-13.25 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 41.55-41.95 GHz (r1, r2, r3, 5.551F) Note Feeder/ multiplexer loss (typical) (dB) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 For both transmitter and receiver Maximum antenna input power (dBW) 7 11* 13* 14* 16* 4 7
40、4* 7* 0 0 * 6 dBW in 10.60-10.68 GHz by the transmitter power. * 3 dBW in 10.60-10.68 GHz by the transmitter power. * 1 240-1 300 MHz * 2 330-2 370 MHz e.i.r.p. (maximum) (dBW) 25 29* 31* 32* 34* 38 41 38* 41* 40 40 * 29 dBW in 10.60-10.68 GHz. * 32 dBW in 10.60-10.68 GHz. * 1 240-1 300 MHz * 2 330-
41、2 370 MHz Receiver IF bandwidth (MHz) 9 9 18 9 18 9 18 27 80 Receiver noise figure (dB) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 Receiver thermal noise (dBW) 130.5 130.5 127.4 130.5 127.4 130.5 127.4 123.7 119.0 Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 7 TABLE 1 (end) Frequency allocation(1) 770-806 MHz (r2, R3, 5.293) 790-862 MHz (5.314, 5.3
42、16) 1 240-1 300 MHz (5.330) 2 330-2 370 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 5 850-5 925 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6 425-6 570 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 6 870-7 125 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 10.25-10.45 GHz (R1, R3, 5.480) 10.55-10.68 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 12.95-13.25 GHz (R1, R2, R3) 41.55-41.95 GHz (r1, r2, r3, 5.551F) Note Normal Rx input level (d
43、BW) 88 SISO MIMO SISO MIMO 88 85 88 85 82 77 64-QAM(3/4) * 16-QAM-MIMO * 16-QAM(2/3) 93* 103* 97* 100* Rx input level for 1 103 BER (dBW) 120 113 110.7 122.8* 119.6* 115.0* 113.0* 110.0* 107.2* 123.0* 121.5* 115.5* 111.5* 119.7* 116.5* 111.9* 109.9* 106.9* 104.1* 119.9* 118.4* 112.4* 108.4* - 120 -
44、113 110.7 108.2 - 116.9 - 109.9 107.6 105.1 - 120 - 113 110.7 108.2 - 116.9 - 109.9 107.6 105.1 N/A N/A BPSK-OFDM QPSK-OFDM 8PSK-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM 32-QAM-OFDM 64-QAM-OFDM *Rx input level for 1 104 BER Rx input level for CNR = 27 (dBW) 103.5 N/A N/A N/A 100.4 N/A 100.4 96.7 92.0 For FM system Nominal
45、long term interference (dBW) 140.5 140.5 137.4 140.5 137.4 140.5 137.4 133.7 129.0 Spectral density (dB(W/MHz) 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 148 148 (1) Each table contains the letters “R1”, “R2” and “R3”, “r1”, “r2”, “r3”, and the reference to footnote 5.xxx. The letters “R1”, “R2” and
46、“R3” stand for the ITU-R Region which has a primary mobile allocation to the specified frequency band, the letters “r1”, “r2” and “r3” stand for the ITU-R Region which has a secondary mobile allocation to the specified frequency band, and the reference to footnote 5.xxx refers to the country footnot
47、e in the Table of Frequency Allocations. 8 Rec. ITU-R M.1824-1 TABLE 2 Parameters of BAS talkback/walkie-talkie* systems operated in the mobile service Frequency allocation(1) 26.574 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 143-144 MHz (5.211, 5.212, R2, R3) 146-148 MHz (R1, 5.217, R3) 148-149.9 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 149.9-150.
48、05 MHz (5.223) 150-156.7625 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 156.8375-174 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 166.5-166.9 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 168.5-168.9 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 459.5125-460 MHz (R1, R2, R3) 469.5-470 MHz (R1, R2, R3) Antenna type and gain Co-linear, 8 dBi for base station (BS), non-directional, 2 dBi for mobile station (MS) M
49、odulation SSB FM RZ-SSB FM Channel spacing (kHz) 20 6.25 25 Feeder/multiplexer loss (typical) (dB) Tx: 1.5 (BS), 0 (MS) Rx: 1.5 (BS), 1 (MS) Tx: 1 (BS), 0 (MS) Rx: 1 Tx: 4 (BS), 0 (MS) Rx: 1 Tx: 1 (BS), 0 (MS) Rx: 1 Maximum antenna input power (dBW) 17 (BS), 14 (MS) 17 17 13 e.i.r.p. (maximum) (dBW) 17.5 (BS), 16 (MS) 24 (BS), 19 (MS) 21(BS), 19 (MS) 20 (BS), 15 (MS) Receiver IF bandwidth (kHz) 3 12/ 16 3.4 /5.8 12/16 Receiver noise fi
