1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.2003-1 (01/2015) Multiple Gigabit Wireless Systems in frequencies around 60 GHz M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficien
2、t and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are pe
3、rformed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Form
4、s to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be
5、 found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile,
6、 radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum managem
7、ent SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part o
8、f this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.2003-1 Multiple Gigabit Wireless Systems in frequencies around 60 GHz (Question ITU-R 212-3/5) (2012-2015) Keywords MGWS, WLAN, RLAN, Wireless Local Access,
9、Networks, Radio Local Area Networks Scope This Recommendation provides general characteristics and radio interface standards for Multiple Gigabit Wireless Systems in frequencies around 60 GHz. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that Multiple Gigabit Wireless Systems (MGWS) are widel
10、y used for fixed, semi-fixed (transportable) and portable computer equipment for a variety of broadband applications; b) that MGWS are expected to encompass applications for wireless digital video, audio, and control applications, as well as multiple gigabit wireless local area networks (WLAN); c) t
11、hat MGWS standards have been developed for operation in the 60 GHz frequency range; d) that MGWS should be implemented with careful consideration to compatibility with other radio applications; e) that many administrations permit MGWS including radio local area networks (RLANs) devices to operate in
12、 the 60 GHz frequency range on a license-exempt basis; f) that harmonized frequencies in the 60 GHz frequency range for the mobile service would facilitate the introduction of MGWS including RLANs, recognizing a) that both consumers and manufacturers will benefit from global harmonization of the 60
13、GHz spectrum for MGWS; b) that although MGWS systems have been predominantly used for indoor applications there are administrations which allow outdoor use of these systems, noting a) that several standards provide options for MGWS implementation, recommends 1 that the MGWS standards and their syste
14、m characteristics contained in Annex 1 should be used. 2 Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 Annex 1 General characteristics of 60 GHz Multiple Gigabit Wireless Systems 1 Overview Multiple Gigabit Wireless System (MGWS) radiocommunication networks can be used in short-range, line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight circ
15、umstances. Total communication range and performance will vary depending on the environment, but multiple gigabit performance is typically expected at ranges around 10 m for in-room use. These networks can be deployed with an access point as in existing WLAN deployments or without such an infrastruc
16、ture such as in both WLAN in ad hoc mode and wireless personal area network (WPAN). When access points are used, they are mounted indoor with service covering home or an office space with a nomadic user terminal typically also used indoor, i.e. the entire WLAN system would be used in indoor environm
17、ent. When access points are not used, MGWS devices are allowed to communicate by setting up direct links for data exchange between the devices/equipment. Typical applications include equipment to equipment (e.g. laptop to projector) and a consumer electronics (CE) device to a kiosk1, and it may be a
18、ssumed that usage would predominantly be indoors. 2 Technical characteristics of MGWS 2.1 Spectrum A minimum of 7 GHz contiguous spectrum in the 57-66 GHz is needed to satisfy the requirements2 of the applications envisioned to be used in this spectrum, such as uncompressed video (e.g. high definiti
19、on multimedia interface (HDMI) at 3 Gbit/s), wireless docking and rapid download/upload. This would allow at least three channels for flexibility and improved connectivity. Furthermore, channel bandwidth of 2 160 MHz allows simpler modulation schemes to achieve multi-Gbit/s data rates, which is suit
20、able for adoption by low power devices such as smartphones, tablets, netbook and notebook PCs. 2.2 Channel bandwidth and centre frequencies A 2 160 MHz channel bandwidth is required. It is important that MGWS standards employ the same channelization in order to promote better coexistence. Four centr
21、e frequencies are recommended to be at 58.32, 60.48, 62.64, and 64.80 GHz. 2.3 Transmit mask The following mask is applicable to single channel operation. 1 In this context, a kiosk is a booth providing distribution of, and providing access to, electronic content such as movies, music, video, e-book
22、s, etc. 2 System requirements are provided in the standards contained in Annex 1. Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 3 FIGURE 1 Spectral mask for single channel operation M 2003 1. -0 0 d B r32 d B r2 d B r170 . 9 4 1 . 2 3 . 0 62. 7 0 . 9 4 1 . 2 3 . 0 6 2. 7 ( f f ) G H zcIn Fig. 1 above, fc is the carrier centr
23、e frequency. The following mask (Fig. 2 and Table 1) is applicable when channel bonding of more than one contiguous channel is used. FIGURE 2 Spectral mask for more than one contiguous channel with channel bonding M .20 03 -0225 dB r30 dB rf4f fc20 dB rP S D ( dB r )0 d B rf3f2f10f1f2f3f4TABLE 1 Tra
24、nsmit spectral mask parameters Channel bonding f1 (GHz) f2 (GHz) f3 (GHz) f4 (GHz) Two-bonded channel transmission 2.100 2.160 3.000 4.000 Three-bonded channel transmission 3.150 32.40 4.500 6.000 Four-bonded channel transmission 4.200 4.320 6.000 8.000 2.4 Common characteristics 2.4.1 Transmit and
25、receive operating temperature range Transmit and receive operating temperature range follows IEEE Std 802.11-2012. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 2.4.2 Centre frequency tolerance The transmitter centre frequency tolerance should be 20 ppm maximum for the 60 GHz band. 2.4.3 Symbol clock tolerance The symbol c
26、lock frequency tolerance should be 20 ppm maximum for the 60 GHz band. The transmit centre frequency and the symbol clock frequency are derived from the same reference oscillator. 2.4.4 Transmit centre frequency leakage The transmitter centre frequency leakage should not exceed 23 dB relative to the
27、 overall transmitted power, or, equivalently, 2.5 dB relative to the average energy of the rest of the subcarriers (in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). 2.4.5 Transmit ramp up and ramp down The transmit power-on ramp is defined as the time it takes for a transmitter to rise from les
28、s than 10% to greater than 90% of the average power to be transmitted in the frame. The transmit power-on ramp should be around 10 ns. The transmit power-down ramp is defined as the time it takes the transmitter to fall from greater than 90% to less than 10% of the maximum power to be transmitted in
29、 the frame. The transmit power-down ramp should be around 10 ns. 2.4.6 Maximum input level The receiver maximum input level is the maximum power level of the incoming signal, in dBm, present at the input of the receiver for which the error rate criterion (defined at the RX sensitivity section) is me
30、t. A compliant receiver has a receiver maximum input level of at least 33 dBm for each of the modulation formats that the receiver supports. 2.4.7 System characteristics To exploit the full potential that MGWS can provide including the support of the applications and services described herein, certa
31、in system level characteristics need to be satisfied: 1) Throughput: every MGWS device should provide a means of achieving a maximum throughput, as measured at the top of the medium access control layer, of at least 1 Gbps data rate. 2) Range: the system should provide a means of achieving a range o
32、f at least 10 m at 1 Gbps, as measured at the top of the medium access control layer, in some NLoS PHY channel conditions. In addition to the aforementioned characteristics, when the system supports uncompressed video streaming further characteristics described in Table 2 need to be met. Rec. ITU-R
33、M.2003-1 5 TABLE 2 System characteristics Parameter Value Description Rate 3 Gbps Uncompressed video, 1 080 p (RGB): 1 920 1 080 pixels, 24 bits/pixels, 60 frames/s Packet loss rate (8 kbyte payload) 1e-8 Delay3 10 ms 2.4.8 Channel access schemes The basic access scheme is time division multiple acc
34、ess (TDMA), which is necessary to deal with the challenges of operation in 60 GHz, the directional nature of communication, and applications such as wireless display. TDMA can provide the necessary bandwidth guarantee to applications sensitive to quality of service given its reservation characterist
35、ics while being power efficient since devices do not need to stay awake when not communicating. In addition, since TDMA is scheduled, stations know exactly to which other station they will communicate to and when, hence are able to steer the main lobe of their antenna towards the intended destinatio
36、n and obviate the need for omnidirectional communication needed for contention-based access. Contention-based access, such as provided by in Wi-Fi, should also be supported for usages including web browsing and file transfer. However, instead of being the basic access scheme, contention-based access
37、 should be used within periods of time allocated in the TDMA channel access infrastructure. 2.5 Parameters for coexistence For improved coexistence, it is important that all MGWS utilize the same channelization. Examples of channelization: 1) IEEE: a) IEEE Std 802.11ad-20124 defines a channel bandwi
38、dth of 2 160 MHz. b) IEEE Std 802.15.3c-20095 defines a channel bandwidth of 2 160 MHz. Prior to starting operation on a channel, a MGWS should scan the channel in an attempt to ensure that its operation will not cause interference to other MGWS operating on that channel. 3 This represents delay fro
39、m top of MAC layer in one end to the top of MAC layer at the other end. 4 IEEE Standard for Information Technology Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Lay
40、er (PHY) Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band, December 2012. 5 IEEE Standard for Information Technology Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements Part 15.3: Wireless Medium A
41、ccess Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Amendment 2: Millimeter-wave-based Alternative Physical Layer Extension. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.2003-1 Examples of interference mitigation techniques: 1) IEEE: a) IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012 access p
42、oint should not start a network on a channel where the signal level is at or above 48 dBm or upon detecting a valid IEEE Std 802.15.3c-2009 common mode signalling (CMS) preamble at a receive level equal to or greater than 60 dBm. Several other interference mitigation techniques are defined such as c
43、hannel switching, transmit power control, beamforming, to name a few. b) IEEE Std 802.15.3c-2009 does not allow a piconet controller to start a new piconet on a channel currently occupied by another piconet controller. A common mode signalling (CMS) method has been defined to allow multiple piconet
44、controllers to share access in a channel using TDMA slots allocated to child piconets. 2.6 Receive sensitivity levels Receive Sensitivity levels are typically between 48 and 78 dBm. Examples of receive sensitivity levels: 1) IEEE: In IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012, the PER is less than 1% (5% for MCS 0) for
45、 a PSDU length of 4 096 octets (256 octets for MCS 0). NOTE For RF power measurements based on received power density, the input level shall be corrected to compensate for the antenna gain in the implementation. The gain of the antenna is the maximum estimated gain by the manufacturer. In the case o
46、f the phased-array antenna, the gain of the phased-array antenna is the maximum sum of estimated element gain 3 dB implementation loss. 2.7 Clear channel assessment (CCA) rules MGWSs may employ clear channel assessment (CCA) rules to mitigate interference caused to other MGWSs. For example, in the c
47、ase of IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012 there are three MCS sets defined and there are specific CCA rules for each MCS set. The three MCS sets are: a) MCS0: known as the Control MCS and which is based on single-carrier (SC) modulation. b) MCS1 through MCS12, and MCS25 through MCS31: the SC MCS set. c) MCS13 t
48、hrough MCS24: and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) MCS set. As such, IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012 defines CCA rules applicable to each MCS set, as follows: a) Control MCS: The start of a valid Control MCS transmission at a receive level greater than the minimum sensitivity for Control
49、 MCS (78 dBm) shall cause CCA to indicate busy with a probability 90% within 3 s. b) SC MCS set: The start of a valid SC MCS transmission at a receive level greater than the minimum sensitivity for MCS1 (68 dBm) shall cause CCA to indicate busy with a probability 90% within 1 s. The receiver shall hold the carrier sense signal busy for any signal 20 dB above the minimum sensitivity for MCS1. c) OFDM MCS set: The start of a valid OFDM MCS or SC MCS transmission at a receive level greater than the minimum sensitivity for MCS13 (66 dBm)
