1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.2115-0 (01/2018) Technical and operational characteristics of and protection criteria for aeronautical mobile systems operating in the 45.5-47 GHz frequency range M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.2115-0 Foreword The r
2、ole of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are a
3、dopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Pate
4、nt Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent P
5、olicy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcas
6、ting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and
7、 coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution I
8、TU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2018 ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.2115-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.2115-0 Technical and operational characteristics of and protection criteri
9、a for aeronautical mobile systems operating in the 45.5-47 GHz frequency range (2018) Scope This Recommendation provides information on the technical characteristics and protection criteria for aeronautical mobile service (AMS) systems operating in the mobile service within the 45.5-47 GHz frequency
10、 range. Related ITU Recommendations and Reports Recommendations ITU-R M.1851, ITU-R P.2108, ITU-R P.676 Keywords Aeronautical mobile service systems, AMS, technical characteristics, protection criteria Abbreviations/Glossary ADL AMS data link ADT Airborne data terminal AMS Aeronautical mobile servic
11、e GDT Ground data terminal I/N Interference-to-Noise ratio RHCP Right hand circularly polarized RLOS Radio-line-of-sight The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering that systems and networks operating in the aeronautical mobile service (AMS) are used to provide broadband and narrow-band airborn
12、e data links to support disaster relief, scientific research, remote sensing, wildfire firefighting, land and crop surveying, pipeline monitoring, and other emergency management applications, recognizing a) that frequency band 45.5-47 GHz is globally allocated on a primary basis to the mobile servic
13、e; b) that aeronautical mobile service (AMS) is a subset of the mobile service; c) that the aeronautical mobile service is a mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations; d) that the use of systems operated under aeronautical mobile service does no
14、t preclude the use of the frequency band by any current and planned systems in the mobile service and does not establish any priority in the Radio Regulations; e) that the frequency band 45.5-47 GHz is also allocated on a primary basis to mobile-satellite, radionavigation and radionavigation-satelli
15、te services in some or all parts of the frequency bands; 2 Rec. ITU-R M.2115-0 f) that in these bands new systems under the mobile service are currently envisaged and studied by ITU; g) that operations of aeronautical mobile systems introduce more complex sharing over large areas and may require bil
16、ateral agreement between the administration operating AMS and affected administrations; h) that RR No. 21 contains power limits and other requirements for terrestrial and space services sharing frequency bands above 1 GHz, recommends 1 that the technical and operational characteristics of the system
17、s operating in the AMS described in the Annex should be considered representative of those operating in the frequency band 45.5-47 GHz; 2 that the criterion of interfering signal power to receiver noise power level, I/N, of 6 dB should be used as the required protection level for AMS receivers. If m
18、ultiple potential interference sources are present, protection of the AMS requires that this criterion is not exceeded due to the aggregate interference from the multiple sources. Annex Technical and operational characteristics of and protection criteria for aeronautical mobile service systems in th
19、e 45.5-47 GHz frequency range 1 Introduction Systems and networks operating in the AMS are increasingly used by local and national governments, as well as civil sector and educational and research entities, to provide broadband and narrow-band airborne data links that support scientific research, re
20、mote sensing, agriculture and urban land use survey, local and national law enforcement, forest fire mapping and pipeline monitoring applications. The broadband data links are used to transmit data collected from one or multiple research/remote sensing equipment on the aircraft, and the narrow-band
21、data links are used to control this remote sensing equipment on-board the aircraft. 2 Technical characteristics of aeronautical mobile service system Representative technical characteristics for AMS system operating in the 45.5-47 GHz frequency band are provided in Table 1. Rec. ITU-R M.2115-0 3 TAB
22、LE 1 Representative technical characteristics of aeronautical mobile service system in the 45.5-47 GHz frequency range Parameter Units System 1 Airborne System 1 Ground Frequency range GHz 45.5-47.0 GHz Transmitter Power output dBm 0 to 37 0 to 45 Bandwidth 3 dB MHz 0.8 0.8 20 dB MHz 3 3 60 dB MHz 1
23、2 12 Receiver RF Selectivity 3 dB MHz 590 520 20 dB MHz 1000 580 60 dB MHz 2600 720 IF Selectivity 3 dB MHz 400 / 4 140 / 2 20 dB MHz 800 / 15 400 / 12 60 dB MHz 2 200 / 45 850 / 30 Noise Figure dB 4 4 Sensitivity dBm 105 to 112 105 to 110 Antenna Antenna gain dBi 27 17 13 40 Polarization RHCP(1) an
24、d linear RHCP(1) and linear Antenna type Slot array Parabolic reflector Horizontal BW degrees 10/ 15 29 3 Vertical BW degrees 15 20 12 3 Antenna pattern model Recommendation ITU-R M.1851 (uniform distribution) Recommendation ITU-R M.1851 (cosine distribution) (1) RHCP Right Hand Circularly Polarized
25、. 3 Operational characteristics The AMS is a mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between two aircraft stations. Manned and unmanned platforms equipped with AMS data links (ADL) can operate worldwide and anywhere within a country whose administration has authorized
26、such use. An ADL may exist between an airborne data terminal (ADT), which is an aircraft station, and a ground data terminal (GDT), which is an aeronautical station, or between two ADTs. ADLs are bi-directional by design and may operate in either a narrow-band or wide-band mode in one or both direct
27、ions. A network consisting of multiple ADLs between ADTs and/or GDTs is possible. A GDT may be at a fixed location or transportable. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.2115-0 The link distance for the ADL is generally limited by the radio line of sight (RLOS) horizon, which is a function of the terrain within the vicin
28、ity of the GDT and the altitude of the ADT. The altitude of airborne platforms equipped with these ADLs can be up to 20 km. The link distance can vary from a few kilometres to approaching RLOS horizon distance. For an air-to-ground or ground-to-air link, the link distance may be approximately 450 km
29、. The link between two ADTs operates in similar manner as the link between a GDT and an ADT with the exception that the link distance is a function of the altitude of the two ADTs. In the case of a direct air-to-air link, this link distance may be up to 900 km. Other factors to consider, such as atm
30、ospheric losses (rain attenuation, gases, etc.) and clutter losses, as described in the relevant ITU-R P-Series Recommendations, could reduce the maximum distance of the link between two ADTs, or negatively impact the performance of the ADL at the maximum distance. Depending on the environmental con
31、ditions and locations of the aircraft, the crosslink distance might be shorter than 900 km. The temporal duration of the link can span the entire flight duration. The duration during which an ADL is active is only limited by the flight time of the ADT. 4 Protection criteria The performance of the co
32、mmunication link is very often noise limited. An increase in receiver effective noise of 1 dB could be manifested in several ways, e.g. a decrease in the available fade margin, a loss in the effective link distance to maintain an acceptable bit error rate, or receiver desensitization. Under free-spa
33、ce propagation, an increase of 1 dB in noise level translates into an approximately 10% degradation of communication range. The degradation could be higher in more noisy environments. A 1 dB increase in receiver effective noise corresponds to Interference+Noise to Noise ratio, (I + N)/N, of 1.26, or
34、 Interference-to-Noise ratio, I/N, of about 6 dB. This represents the required protection criterion for the AMS systems from interference due to another radiocommunication service. If multiple potential interference sources are present, protection of the AMS systems requires that this criterion is not exceeded due to the aggregate interference from the multiple sources.
