1、 Report ITU-R F.2086-1(11/2010)Technical and operational characteristics and applications of broadband wireless access in the fixed serviceF SeriesFixed serviceii Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use
2、 of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and
3、 Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the
4、 submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of IT
5、U-R Reports (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur
6、 and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report
7、was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 1 REPORT ITU
8、-R F.2086-1 Technical and operational characteristics and applications of broadband wireless access in the fixed service (2006-2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 2 2 Scope 3 3 References 3 4 List of acronyms and abbreviations 4 5 Application and services . 5 6 Characteristics 6 6.1 Operatin
9、g frequency ranges 6 6.2 Spectrum utilization efficiency . 7 6.3 Topology structures 8 6.3.1 P-P deployment topology . 8 6.3.2 P-MP deployment topology . 8 6.3.3 MP-MP deployment topology 9 6.3.4 Combination P-P, P-MP and MP-MP deployment topology . 9 6.4 Antennas . 10 6.5 Duplexing . 10 6.6 Types o
10、f deployment 11 6.6.1 Line-of-sight operation 11 6.6.2 Non-line-of-sight operation 11 6.6.3 Planar deployment 11 6.6.4 Spot deployment 14 6.6.5 Backhaul deployment . 14 6.6.6 Combination deployment . 14 6.7 Transport characteristics . 14 6.7.1 Service independence . 14 6.7.2 Service support . 14 6.7
11、.3 Flexible asymmetry 15 6.7.4 Per-subscriber rate adaptation 16 6.7.5 Throughput . 16 2 Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 Page 6.7.6 Scalability . 16 6.7.7 Radio specific security . 16 6.8 System management function . 16 6.9 Interference mitigation 16 6.9.1 Interference types . 16 6.9.2 Interference mitigation t
12、echniques . 17 6.9.3 Application of interference mitigation techniques . 18 6.10 Technical characteristics of BWA providing high quality service applications . 18 6.11 New technologies system support 19 Annex 1 Example of one specific BWA application 21 1 Introduction 21 2 Service outline and system
13、 configuration . 21 3 Basic system parameters . 23 4 Fixed BWA connections . 23 4.1 Connection between APs in the train 23 4.2 Backhaul links between the intermediate stations 24 5 Connection to a WAN 24 Annex 2 Example of integrated BWA application in rural area . 24 1 Introduction 24 2 System conf
14、iguration 24 3 Basic system parameters . 26 4 Feasibility test . 26 Annex 3 Example of BWA system providing high quality service applications 26 1 Introduction 26 2 Service images 27 3 Main specifications and comparison to conventional BWA 28 1 Introduction This Report provides characteristics and a
15、pplications of broadband wireless access (BWA) systems in the fixed service for use by administrations and operators intending to deploy BWA systems. BWA systems including fixed service applications of RLANs are being widely used for transportable, nomadic and fixed equipment and for a variety of se
16、rvices. There are standards that address the interoperability and operation of these systems. Radio interface standards for fixed BWA systems are provided in Recommendations ITU-R F.1763 and ITU-R F.1499, which specify detailed interfaces for the interoperability of radio equipment operating below 6
17、6 GHz. Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 3 2 Scope This Report summarizes generic technical and operational characteristics needed to provide BWA systems in the fixed service including RLANs to end users. It includes technical consideration on the frequency range as well as radio propagation characteristics relat
18、ed to the deployment of BWA. Information on technical and operational requirements related to interference avoidance is also given. 3 References 1 Recommendation ITU-R F.1490 Generic requirements for fixed wireless access systems. 2 ETSI TR 101 856 V1.1.1 (2001-03), Broadband Radio Access Networks (
19、BRAN) “Functional Requirements for Fixed Wireless Access systems below 11 GHz: HIPERMAN. 3 IEEE 802.16.3-00/02r4, 22.09.2000, Functional Requirements for the 802.16.3 Interoperability Standard. 4 Recommendation ITU-R F.1704 Characteristics of multipoint-to-multipoint fixed wireless systems with mesh
20、 network topology operating in frequency bands above about 17 GHz. 5 Recommendation ITU-R F.1401 Considerations for the identification of possible frequency bands for fixed wireless access and related sharing studies. 6 Recommendation ITU-R F.755 Point-to-multipoint systems in the fixed service. 7 R
21、ecommendation ITU-R F.1400 Performance and availability requirements and objectives for fixed wireless access to public switched telephone network. 8 Recommendation ITU-R M.1450 Characteristics of broadband radio local area networks. 9 Recommendation ITU-R F.1763 Radio interface standards for broadb
22、and wireless access systems in the fixed service operating below 66 GHz. 10 Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 Vocabulary of terms for wireless access. 11 Recommendation ITU-R F.1499 Radio transmission systems for fixed broadband wireless access based on cable modem standards. 12 Recommendation ITU-R SM.10
23、46 Definition of spectrum use and efficiency of a radio system. 13 ETSI TS 101 999 V1.1.1 (2002-04) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperACCESS; PHY (Physical Layer) protocol specification. 14 ETSI TS 102 000 V1.4.1 (2004-07) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperACCESS; DLC (Data Lin
24、k control) protocol specification. 15 Draft ETSI EN 302 326 (V0.0.8 2004-10) Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas. 16 ARIB STANDARD STD-T59 Fixed Wireless Access System using quasi-millimeter-wave and millimeter-wave band frequencies, Point-to-multipoint System (http:/www.arib.or.j
25、p/english/html/overview/st_e.html). 17 Report ITU-R F.2060 Fixed service use in the IMT-2000 transport network. 18 Recommendation ITU-R F.746 Radio-frequency arrangements for fixed service systems. 19 Report ITU-R F.2058 Design techniques applicable to broadband fixed wireless access systems conveyi
26、ng Internet Protocol packets or asynchronous transfer mode cells; 20 Report ITU-R F.2047 Technology developments and application trends in the fixed service. 21 ITU-R Handbook on Fixed Wireless Access: (Volume 1 of the Land Mobile (including Wireless Access). 4 Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 4 List of acronyms
27、 and abbreviations AP Access point APS Antenna pattern shaping ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses ATM Asynchronous transfer mode BEM Block edge mask BER Bit error ratio BRAN Broadband radio access network (ETSI) BS Base station BWA Broadband wireless access CDMA Code division multip
28、le access C/I Carrier-to-interference Diffserv Differentiated services DL Downlink DLC Data link control ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FDD Frequency division duplex FSK Frequency shift keying FWA Fixed wireless access GPS Global positioning system HDTV High definition televisi
29、on H-FDD Half duplex FDD HIPERMAN High performance radio metropolitan area network HQSA High quality service application IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ISI Inter-symbol-interference IP Internet protocol ISP Internet service providers LAN Local area network LoS Line-of-sight
30、 MA Multiple access MAN Metropolitan area network MIMO Multiple input multiple output MPEG4 Moving Picture Experts Group 4 MP-MP Multipoint-to-multipoint MPLS Multi-protocol label switching MUD Multi-user detection NLOS Non-line-of-sight OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDMA Orthogonal
31、frequency-division multiple access Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 5 PoI Points of interface POTs Plain ordinary telephone service P-P Point-to-point P-MP Point-to-multipoint QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation QoS Quality of service RLAN Radio local area network RSVP Resource reservation protocol SDH Synchrono
32、us digital hierarchy SLA Service level agreement SME Small medium enterprise SINR Signal and interference to noise ratio SNMP Simple network management protocol SOHO Small office home office ST Subscriber terminal SU Subscriber unit TCP/IP Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol TDD Time div
33、ision duplex UL Uplink VoIP Voice over Internet protocol WAN Wide area network WAS Wireless access systems 5 Application and services BWA systems operating in the fixed service should support a wide range of applications in use today and be extendable to support future services. The main user applic
34、ations that can be foreseen today are as follows: Internet access (e.g. IP versions 4 and 6) LAN bridging and remote LAN access The protocols could support bridged LAN service and remote LAN access capabilities. videotelephony and videoconferencing computer gaming real-time video and audio telemedic
35、ine; tele-education telephony/voice services (e.g. VoIP) voice-band modems and fax The system could facilitate unicast, multicast, as well as broadcast services. Fixed BWA systems can also be used to provide backhaul links for local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and cellular
36、 mobile networks, as well as synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) rings. 6 Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 6 Characteristics The following items present some characteristics to deploy BWA systems in the fixed service. The frequency bands to be used may vary in each country; proper band plan and equipment availab
37、ility should be considered to provide reuse of frequency and proper scale for the equipments production. Other characteristics should be considered on deployment of BWA systems, specially to encourage efficient spectrum usage, the quality of service (QoS) provided and the use of new technologies. 6.
38、1 Operating frequency ranges Fixed BWA systems should be operated in a wide frequency range to conform with a variety of bands available in each country. Recommendation ITU-R F.1401 may be used as guidance for consideration of the identification of possible frequency bands for BWA and related sharin
39、g studies. Table 1 provides additional details regarding the frequency bands used in some administrations for wireless access systems (WAS), including BWA and RLANs. A variety of modulation and multiple access techniques can be used by BWA systems. TABLE 1 Example frequency ranges used in some admin
40、istrations for WAS, including BWA and RLANs* Frequency Frequency ranges/bands UHF (300-3 000 MHz) 800/900 MHz 902-928 MHz 1 800/1 900 MHz 2 400-2 483.5 MHz SHF (3-30 GHz) 3.3-3.9 GHz 4.9-5.0 GHz 5.150-5.250 GHz 5.250-5.350 GHz 5.470-5.725 GHz 5.725-5.850 GHz 18 GHz 24/25/28/29 GHz EHF (30-300 GHz) 3
41、2 GHz 38 GHz 40 GHz * These bands are not necessarily allocated by Article 5 in the Radio Regulations (RR)to the fixed service, and may involve, for example, fixed applications in the mobile service. Each BWA system is typically designed to utilize specific channel spacing(s) and channel bandwidth(s
42、) depending on standards utilized or individual manufacturer designs. Different BWA systems, however, can be designed with different channel spacings and for deployments with various base station sectorizations to support efficient use of the spectrum within the available licensed frequency bands or
43、 blocks. For radio-frequency arrangements for fixed wireless access (FWA) including BWA systems, other ITU-R Recommendations (e.g. Recommendation ITU-R F.746) may also be used as guidance. Rep. ITU-R F.2086-1 7 6.2 Spectrum utilization efficiency Information on spectrum utilization efficiency (SUE),
44、 including general criteria for evaluation and comparison of spectrum efficiencies can be found in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1046. Studies undertaken by Radiocommunication Study Group (SG) 1 and mentioned in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1046 indicate that SUE should be measured in terms of ratio of the amo
45、unt of information transferred over a distance to the spectrum utilization factor. Factors that determine the efficient use of spectrum include the isolation obtained from antenna directivity, geographical spacing, frequency sharing, or orthogonal frequency use and time-sharing or time division. One
46、 of the factors which decide the occupied bandwidth1is the characteristics of spectrum shaping/filtering. The equipment should be able to efficiently use the spectrum, with almost no degradation in capacity when co-locating access points and using adjacent channels. To achieve the above, when differ
47、ent operators are assigned to use adjacent channels or adjacent blocks, a certain guardband from the boundary frequency is required. Such an approach has the effect of regulating the carrier separation BW that can be used in each licensed band and requiring that they are the same for all licensed ba
48、nds. An example of the required carrier separation from the boundary frequency for P-MP systems are as follows. In Fig. 1, the centre frequency of the transmitted carriers should have the required separation in frequency BW from the boundary of the adjacent frequency block, which is assigned to a di
49、fferent operator. For this example, BW is defined as below: BW = 1.25 BW0where BW0is the nearest frequency from the centre, at which the relative level of the measured spectrum becomes 23 dB lower than the maximum spectrum level. In principle, the operator should use, within their assigned block, the radio channels closer to the frequency block centre with higher priority. In multicarrier systems, the above requirements should apply to the most outer carri
