1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2078 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2078 Estimated spectrum bandwidth requirements for the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced (2006) 1 Introduction To achieve the objectives related to the further development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced, additional spectrum bandwidth beyond that identi
2、fied for IMT-2000 at WARC-92 and WRC-2000 may be required. Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 describes in particular the expectations concerning the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced: In the framework of technological advances and introduction of IMT-2000 mobile radiocommunications, agreemen
3、t on uniform and co-ordinated strategies and approaches in the ITU has been and will continue to be a prerequisite for worldwide success. A prominent strategic decision by the ITU with regard to the development and introduction of IMT-2000 was the recognition and application of the principle of iden
4、tifying harmonised frequency bands on a global basis with the aid of footnotes in the Radio Regulations. The Radiocommunication Assembly 2003 adopted Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 on the “Framework and overall objectives for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000”. Special cons
5、ideration was given to growing demand for wireless communications, which may result in higher data rates to meet user needs. This Report provides results of technical studies on estimated spectrum requirements for the future development of IMT-2000 and for IMT-Advanced as defined by ITU-R, in accord
6、ance with Resolution 228 (Rev.WRC-03). The Report uses market data in the year 2010 onwards from external organisations outside ITU, which are addressed in Report ITU-R M.2072. The estimated spectrum requirements are calculated with the spectrum calculation methodology defined in Recommendation ITU-
7、R M.1768. In the spectrum calculation for the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced, new concepts were introduced, including a mix of services, multiple complementary systems, and Radio Access Techniques Groups (RATG). These were not used in the Recommendation ITU-R M.1390 for the addition
8、al spectrum calculation for IMT-2000. The estimated total spectrum bandwidth requirement for both the RATG1 and RATG2 for the year 2020 is calculated in this Report to be 1 280 MHz (including spectrum already in use, or planned to be used, for RATG1). The calculations developed the estimated spectru
9、m bandwidth requirements ranging from 1 280 MHz to 1 720 MHz (including spectrum already in use, or planned to be used, for RATG1) which represented a lower and higher market setting as developed from the data in Report ITU-R M.2072. It should be noted that this lower figure (1 280 MHz) is higher th
10、an the anticipated requirements for some countries which may have a need for less or no additional spectrum. In addition there are some countries where the requirement is larger than the higher value (1 720 MHz). Rep. ITU-R M.2078 2 1.1 Service-related elements User expectations are continually incr
11、easing with regard to the variety of services and applications. In particular, users will expect a dynamic, continuing stream of new applications, capabilities and services that are ubiquitous and available across a range of devices using a single subscription and a single identity (number or addres
12、s). Versatile communication systems offering customized and ubiquitous services based on diverse individual needs will require flexibility in the technology in order to satisfy multiple demands simultaneously. Multimedia traffic is increasing far more rapidly than speech, and will increasingly domin
13、ate traffic flows. There will be a corresponding change from predominantly circuit-switched to packet-based delivery. This change will provide the user with the ability to more efficiently receive multimedia services, including e-mail, file transfers, messaging and distribution services. These servi
14、ces can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, and real-time or non real-time. They can consume high bandwidths, resulting in higher data rate requirements in the future. Work has already begun on the convergence of telecommunication services such as digital broadcasting and commercial wireless serv
15、ices. The trend toward integration and convergence can be characterized by: connectivity (provision of a pipe, including intelligence in the network and the terminal); content (information, including push and pull services); commerce (transactions). These trends may be viewed as the integration and
16、convergence of information technology (IT), telecommunications, and content. This will result in new service delivery dynamics and a new paradigm in telecommunications where value added services, such as those which are location dependent, will provide enormous benefits to both the end users and the
17、 service providers. Convergence of IT, media and telecommunications is just beginning in this digital world (e.g., HTML, XML, and IP). Also, TV on mobile is just starting and attracts customer interest even if, for the moment, streaming is not the adequate mode. With the introduction of high-speed m
18、obile data, the market is being redefined to give hope for a new trend of point-to-point relations (text, voice, image, video) and personal empowerment. 2004 can be considered as a turning point in the mobile world as “Year 1 of the Personal and Portable Internet”. “(Reference: ITU Internet Reports
19、2004: The Portable Internet and ITU Internet Reports 2005: The Internet of Things.)” Furthermore, “always on” communications will enable networked and interconnected devices providing relevant content and information whatever the location of the user. Although mobile data applications have brought I
20、nternet-like services to the pockets of many mobile phone users, future systems will not only include personal applications (e.g., cell phones), but also embedded services in inanimate objects that may be pervasive in nature. 1.2 Technology elements Wireless communications comprises a wide range of
21、technologies, services and applications that have come into existence to meet the particular needs of different market sectors and user environments. Different systems can be broadly characterized by: content and services offered; frequency bands of operation; standards defining the systems; data ra
22、tes supported; Rep. ITU-R M.2078 3 bidirectional and unidirectional delivery mechanisms; degree of mobility; regulatory requirements; and cost. Second generation systems were mainly designed for applications such as voice. IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced will increasingly be designed as a combination of d
23、ifferent radio access techniques to complement each other in an optimum way for different service requirements and radio environments. This will enable a common and flexible service platform for different services and applications. Access to a service or an application may be performed using one sys
24、tem or may be performed using multiple systems simultaneously (e.g. a digital broadcast channel and a return channel using IMT-2000). In the future operators may deploy a mix of technologies that could, at various stages in time and subject to market and regulatory considerations, incorporate cellul
25、ar, wireless LAN, digital broadcast, satellite and other access systems. This will require the seamless interaction of these systems in order for the user to be able to receive a variety of content via a variety of delivery mechanisms depending upon the particular terminal capabilities, location and
26、 user profile. Different radio access systems will be connected via flexible core networks. In this way, an individual user can be connected via a variety of different access systems to the networks and services he desires. The interworking between these different access systems in terms of horizont
27、al and vertical handover and seamless service provision with service negotiation including mobility, security and QoS management will be a key requirement. Such information is one key prerequisite for the estimation of frequency requirements for advanced wireless communications applications. However
28、, most market studies undertaken to date tend to focus on the total communication market to be served by mobile and other advanced wireless services. 2 Scope This Report: a) deals only with IMT-relevant future mobile communication RATG(s) focusing on spectrum requirements for the preparation of WRC-
29、07 Agenda item 1.4, while Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 provides the framework of a wider range of future mobile communication RATG(s) in the year 2010 onwards; b) describes forecast traffic demands for future applications/services in overall mobile communication market in the year 2010 onwards, which
30、 may be supported by the capabilities of the future development of IMT-2000 and of IMT-Advanced; c) duly considers the results of service and market forecast stated in Report ITU-R M.2072 for the traffic demand estimation; d) determines the distribution ratio amongst RATGs in order to identify IMT-r
31、elevant traffic demands, taking into account the Report ITU-R M.2072; e) identifies the RATG features that will be suitable for the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced in the context of WRC-07 Agenda item 1.4; f) refers to the methodology defined in Recommendation ITU-R M.1768; Rep. ITU-
32、R M.2078 4 g) describes parameters, relating both to market/service and radio aspect, and their values, some of which are provided by Reports ITU-R M.2072 and ITU-R M.2074 respectively; h) provides the numerical results of the spectrum calculation together with input parameter values; i) determines
33、the amount of spectrum needed to support applications/services provided by the pre-IMT, IMT-2000, future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced; j) this Report does not address the specific spectrum requirements relevant to the scenario of large coverage areas with low teledensity, and parameters
34、relevant to this scenario are therefore not included. 3 Related ITU-R Recommendations and Reports Recommendations: ITU-R M.687 International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) ITU-R M.819 International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) for developing countries ITU-R M.1034 Requirement
35、s for the radio interface(s) for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) ITU-R M.1457 Detailed specification of the radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) ITU-R M.1645 Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 and syst
36、ems beyond IMT-2000 ITU-R M.1768 Methodology for calculation of spectrum requirements for the future development of the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 ITU-T Q.1702 Long-term vision of network aspects for systems beyond IMT-2000 Reports: ITU-R M.2072 World mobile teleco
37、mmunication market forecast ITU-R M.2074 Radio aspects for the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 4 Market trend of future mobile communication Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 addresses the framework of future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. Present mobile
38、 communication systems have evolved by continually adding additional system capabilities and enhancements, and the user will see a significant increase in capability through the future development of IMT-2000. IMT-Advanced will be realized by functional fusion of existing, enhanced and newly develop
39、ed elements of IMT-2000, nomadic wireless access systems and other wireless systems with high commonality and seamless interworking. Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 concluded that internationally agreed frequency bands will encourage in particular the adoption of IMT-Advanced systems. Common global spec
40、trum should be the preferred objective to ensure global roaming and equipment-cost reduction through economies of scale. Rep. ITU-R M.2078 5 To fulfil the above mentioned requirement, ITU-R developed and approved Question ITU-R 229/8 on the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced. One elemen
41、t of the decides of this Question is the technical and operational characteristics needed to meet the requirements (such as utilization of identified frequency bands) for the ongoing enhancement of IMT-2000. 5 Radio access technique group (RATG) approach for spectrum estimation 5.1 RATG definition R
42、ecommendation ITU-R M.1645 considers trends of users as well as of services and applications and identified three focussed capability areas: a) capability of IMT-2000, b) capability of new mobile access, and c) capability of nomadic/local area wireless access, as shown in Fig. 2 of the Recommendatio
43、n. The b) and c) capability areas were recognised as new capabilities to be provided by IMT-Advanced systems. The Recommendation also addresses a mix of services and multiple delivery mechanisms which convey the traffic of the services. Among these delivery mechanisms, some systems like IMT-2000 hav
44、e detailed specification of their radio interfaces, while some new systems do not yet have detailed specifications for the radio interface(s). It was decided that the spectrum calculation methodology for the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced should have flexibility to handle both emerg
45、ing technologies and well-characterized systems. Recommendation ITU-R M.1768 sets the guideline that the methodology should be technology neutral and generic. Accordingly, the concept of radio access technique groups (RATG) was introduced in Report ITU-R M.2074 in order to address both types of syst
46、ems: one that does not yet have detailed specifications and others that have detailed specifications. Therefore, RATG can be defined as follows; Radio access technique group (RATG): a reference system model that can best accommodate a particular area of capabilities identified in Fig. 2 of Recommend
47、ation ITU-R M.1645. In other words, a RATG can be a generic reference model with minimum system specifications required to determine spectrum requirements. The RATG will be defined in more detail to be a Global Core Specification (GCS) at a later stage of standardization. Spectrum requirement estima
48、tions need to take into account the relevant technologies. The basis for the grouping is the Agenda item 1.4, Resolution 228 (Rev.WRC-03) and Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. The RAT Groups are the following: Group 1: Pre-IMT systems, IMT-2000 and its enhancements. This group covers the cellular mobile
49、systems, IMT-2000 systems and their enhancements. Group 2: IMT-Advanced as described in Fig. 2 of Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 (e.g., new mobile access and new nomadic/local area wireless access), but not including systems already described in any other RAT groups. Group 3: Existing radio LANs and their enhancements. Group 4: Digital mobile broadcasting systems and their enhancements. Rep. ITU-R M.2078 6 This group covers systems aimed at broadcasting to mobile and handheld terminals. The justifications for each group are the following: Group 1: The need for th
