1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2109 Sharing studies between IMT-Advanced systems and geostationary satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service in the 3 400-4 200 and 4 500-4 800 MHz frequency bands (2007) Executive summary This Report provides a summary of the sharing studies between IMT-
2、Advanced systems and geostationary satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) in the 3 400-4 200 and 4 500-4 800 MHz frequency bands. It was conducted by ITU-R in the framework of Agenda item 1.4 of WRC-07, in accordance with resolves 5 to Resolution 228 (Rev.WRC-03), as these bands wer
3、e identified as candidate bands for future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced systems, as described in the Report ITU-R M.2079. The bands 3 400-4 200 MHz and 4 500-4 800 MHz are allocated worldwide on a primary basis to the FSS. This Report presents the results of the sharing studies performed
4、 between geostationary satellite networks in the FSS and IMT-Advanced systems. The following areas are covered in this Report: Regulatory information. Frequency usage by satellite services in these bands, provided on a global and regional basis. FSS space and earth station deployments. Consideration
5、s on potential identification of the 3 400-4 200 MHz and 4 500-4 800 MHz bands for IMT-Advanced. Parameters of the systems considered in this Report. Sharing studies (methodologies and results) between the two services from two aspects: Interferences from IMT-Advanced transmitters to receiving FSS e
6、arth stations (in-band and adjacent band, and overdrive of the FSS receivers). Interferences from transmitting FSS space stations to IMT-Advanced receivers. Results from one measurement study on interference from IMT-Advanced transmitter into one television receive only (TVRO) earth station. Mitigat
7、ion techniques and spectrum management techniques to improve the sharing possibilities. Sensitivity analysis with respect to certain parameters to show the effect of their variation on the sharing situation between both systems. The main conclusions are provided in 11. Table of abbreviations: 3GPP 3
8、rd generation partnership project ACLR Adjacent channel leakage power ratio ACS Adjacent channel selectivity 2 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 ATPC Automatic transmit power control BER Bit error rate C/N Carrier-to-noise power ratio CDMA Code division multiple access DOE Direction of earth station EIRP Effective
9、isotropic radiated power FEC Forward error correction FSS Fixed-satellite service GSO Geostationary satellite orbit IMT International Mobile Telecommunications ITU International Telecommunication Union LNA Low noise amplifier LNB Low noise block downconverter LoS Line-of-sight MIFR Master Internatio
10、nal Frequency Register MIMO Multiple input multiple output NLoS Non line of sight OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiple access OOB Out of band PSD Power spectrum density PSK Phase shift keying SDMA Space division multiple access TDMA Time divisi
11、on multiple access TT assumptions on the future characteristics of IMT-Advanced. 3 Regulatory information 3.1 Table of the frequency allocations Table 1 lists the various allocations contained in Article 5 of the Radio Regulations (RR) (Edition of 2004) together with their respective status in the f
12、requency range 3 400-4 200 MHz, as well as in the frequency range 4 500-4 800 MHz. TABLE 1 Table of frequency allocations in the bands 3 400-4 200 MHz and 4 500-4 800 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 3 400-3 600 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Mobile Radiolocation 5.431 3 600-4 200 FIXED FIXED-
13、SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Mobile 3 400-3 500 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) Amateur Mobile Radiolocation 5.433 5.432 3 500-3 700 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Radiolocation 5.433 5.435 3 700-4 200 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE excep
14、t aeronautical mobile 4 500-4 800 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.441 MOBILE 4 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 Note Footnote 5.441 indicates, inter-alia, that the use of the band 4 500-4 800 MHz (space-to-Earth) by the FSS shall be in accordance with the provisions of RR Appendix 30B. 3.2 International c
15、onsiderations between FSS earth stations and IMT-Advanced stations International protection of FSS earth stations and their coordination are governed by RR Nos 9.17 and 9.18 and is applicable only to specific FSS earth stations (those whose geographical coordinates are known). The thresholds/conditi
16、ons to be used to trigger coordination are those specified in RR Appendix 5, together with the calculation method (contained in RR Appendix 7). This coordination procedure is a regulatory concept. It is up to each administration to decide which stations within its own territory it wishes to protect
17、in accordance with the RR. For Example, if an administration wishes to ensure the protection of the receiving FSS earth station located in its territory from the transmitting terrestrial station located in the adjacent countries and within the coordination area of the earth station, a set of specifi
18、c earth stations located at the edge of the territory should be registered to the ITU through the coordination and notification procedure under the provisions of RR Articles 9 and 11. Particularly, as specified in RR No 9.6, an administration intending to bring into use terrestrial services, whose t
19、erritory falls within the coordination contours of the earth stations under the coordination or notification procedure or notified under RR Articles 9 and 11, shall effect coordination with other administrations having these earth stations. The Radio Regulations do not provide any criteria or proced
20、ures for all kinds of required coordination under RR Article 9, such as between GSO FSS networks and between FSS and terrestrial network, for how this bilateral coordination is to take place. Annex C gives examples of coordination contours at some locations. 3.3 National considerations between FSS e
21、arth stations and IMT-Advanced stations In countries where FSS earth stations are deployed, national arrangements are likely to be required within national borders, by administrations willing also to deploy terrestrial systems in these bands. 4 FSS space stations and earth stations deployment1in the
22、 3 400-4 200 MHz and 4 500-4 800 MHz bands 4.1 Band 3 400-4 200 MHz There is extensive utilization by the FSS of the frequency band 3 625-4 200 MHz in all ITU Regions of the world (except certain countries in Europe and in Asia) and of the frequency band 3 400-3 625 MHz in ITU Region 1 (except parts
23、 of Europe) and Region 3 (except some countries of Asia). The low atmospheric absorption in these bands enables highly reliable space-to-earth communication links with wide service coverage, particularly in, but not limited to, geographical areas with severe rain fade conditions. The wide coverage e
24、nables services to be provided to developing countries, to sparsely populated areas and over large distances. The 3 400-4 200 MHz band has been used by the FSS for over 40 years. The technology is mature and offers equipment at low cost. This, together with the wide coverage, has lead to satellites
25、in this band being an important part of the telecommunications infrastructure in many developing countries. 1Additional band usage information on the FSS in the 3 400-4 200 MHz and 4 500-4 800 MHz bands is summarized in Table 1 of Report ITU-R M.2079. Rep. ITU-R M.2109 5 Satellite services in this b
26、and currently include very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks, internet services, point-to-point links, satellite news gathering, TV and data broadcasting to satellite master antenna television (SMATV) and direct-to-home (DTH) receivers, feeder links for the mobile satellite service. Due to the
27、ir wide coverage characteristics, satellites operating in this band have been extensively used for disaster relief operations. The use of the band 3 400-4 200 MHz by FSS includes governmental uses and international commitments within the WMO. WMO usages of the band, which are essential for civil avi
28、ation and weather, water, climate and environmental alerts, are currently using only a few channels in the 3 600-3 800 MHz band. The 3 400-4 200 MHz band is also utilized for tracking, telemetry and command (TT Stn-2: 25 m Antenna Gain: Stn-1:47.7; Stn-2: 59.8 dBi Locations: Stn-1: N51:43:44 W0:10:3
29、9 Stn-2: N50:02:55; W5:10:46 N.A Fully compliant Chosen parameters Frequency: 3.9 GHz Antenna diameter: 2.4 m non-compliant parameters Antenna height: 10 m (urban) 3 m (rural) Fully compliant Fully compliant except: Earth station off-axis gain: Appendix 7 Long-term protection criterion: 15.2 dB Full
30、y compliant Fully compliant, except assuming FSS antennas deployed in suburban and dense urban locations in Beijing: Antenna height: 2 m (on the ground, suburban and dense urban); 10 m (on the roofs of buildings, Suburban); 30 m (on the roofs of buildings, dense urban) Only IMT-Advanced interference
31、 allowance of 6% and 1% considered in the studies, not 3% and 0.5% Fully compliant except with respect to 1) the height of the FSS earth station antenna, where a height of 2 m was assumed 2) for off-axis azimuth of greater than 85, where an antenna gain of 10 dBi was assumed Only thermal noise and a
32、ntenna pattern are compliant. Other parameters are actual values for earth station under study and within following ranges: Antenna height from 2.5 to 24 m. Elevation angle from 3 to 22.5. Azimuth from 107 to 146 18 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 8.1.3 Propagation assumptions STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY 3 STUDY 4 STUD
33、Y 5 STUDY 6 STUDY 7 STUDY 8 STUDY 9 STUDY 10 STUDY 11 Use of the Recommendation ITU-R P.452 Yes. Delta N: 45 Long term p = 20% Short term p = 0.00167% N.A Diffraction and ducting models used Path type: LoS with sub-path diffrac-tion/trans-horizon 100 m 100 m clutter data for clutter loss (uniform av
34、erage height of each clutter category) Yes Long term p = 20% Long-term: smooth-earth, diffraction mode Short-term: smooth-earth, diffraction/ tropos-catter/ ducting modes Yes. Long term p = 20% Diffraction over a spherical path Path type: LoS without sub-path diffraction, multipath or focusing effec
35、ts. Only long-term propagation conditions. All propagation modes included, except hydrometeor scatter Yes. Delta N:45 Long term p = 20% Short term p = 0.00167% Use of a terrain data model Terrain data specific to UK region is considered N.A Clutter losses in accordance with suburban settings given i
36、n Table 6 of Rec. ITU-R P.452 Used with 50 m 50 m resolution and smoothed to 500 m 500 m resolution by filtering Used with 1 m 10 m resolution real terrain data (Seoul Korea) with artificial object (buildings) None. (Estimated 15 dB clutter losses added for aggregate base station case; 30 dB clutter
37、/ shielding for aggregate mobile station case) Both generic and application cases studied Clutter losses in accordance with suburban and dense urban settings given in Rec.ITU-R P.452 No (Non-specific earth station location) Global terrain data base Terrain data specific to Kaliningrad region (Russia
38、n exclave) is considered Rep. ITU-R M.2109 19 8.1.4 Results The following paragraph contains three types of study results: co-channel interferences, adjacent band interferences and saturation of the low noise amplifier (LNA) of a receiving FSS earth station. The studies have been derived for typical
39、 FSS earth station cases (generic study) as well as for specific FSS earth station cases (application case) for the three interference scenarios. For each of the three scenarios, geographical separations between the IMT-Advanced station and the FSS earth station would be required. For these three ty
40、pes of study results, distances are provided. They represent the required distances to meet the interference criteria. When performing the calculations whose results are given below, it was advised by the ITU-R that “Recommendation ITU-R P.452-12 is the appropriate propagation model for predicting i
41、nterference between terrestrial stations in the frequency range from about 700 MHz up to above 6 GHz when the distance between the transmitter and receiver is longer than 1 km. Recommendation ITU-R P.1411-32could be used for short paths up to about 1 kilometre, while Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-2 ca
42、n be used for frequencies from 30 to 3 000 MHz and for time percentages down to 1%.” 8.1.4.1 Typical FSS earth station case (Generic study) Generic studies are based on a flat terrain model. NOTE 1 In the case of calculations using short-term criterion, distances derived using a flat earth model are
43、 provided to assess the maximum range of distances (see 6.2.2) and should not be applied by default to define an exclusion zone around an earth station, as it is not representative of all areas around the world. 2Recommendation ITU-R P.1411 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of
44、 short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz 20 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY 3 STUDY 4 STUDY 5 STUDY 6 STUDY 7 STUDY 8 STUDY 9 STUDY 10 STUDY 11 Co-channel Results Long-term interference criterion / Single entry Mi
45、nimum distance (I/N = 12.2 dB) N.A N.A Macro base station: 55 km Mobile station: 1 km 37-54 km (Macro urban)15-23 km (Micro urban) 40-59 km (Macro rural)with a downtilt varying from 2 to 7 Base station: 45-58 km (FSS earth station elevation angle: 5-48 and bandwidth: 75 MHz) 33-57 km (5 elevation) 3
46、3-37 km (15 elevation) CDMA Macro base station: from 47 to 65.5 km CDMA Micro base station: from 39 to 49.5 km CDMA Mobile station: 0 km OFDMA Macro base Station: from 43 to 55 km OFDMA Micro base station: from 29 to 47 km OFDMA Mobile station: 0 km N.A N.A N.A N.A Minimum distance (I/N = 15.2 dB) N
47、.A N.A Macro base Station: 70 kmMobile station: 1.5 km N.A N.A 36-60 km (5 elevation) 36-40 km (15 elevation) N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A Rep. ITU-R M.2109 21 STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY 3 STUDY 4 STUDY 5 STUDY 6 STUDY 7 STUDY 8 STUDY 9 STUDY 10 STUDY 11 Long-term interference criterion / aggregate case Minimum d
48、istance (I/N = 12.2 dB) N.A N.A N.A N.A Base stations:51-60 km (FSS earth station elevation angle: 5-48 and bandwidth: 75 MHz) mobile stations: 0.5-1.5 km (base station numbers : 10) I/N exceedence (same geographical area) Macro base station: 51-64 dB Mobile station: 22-65 dB CDMA Macro base station
49、: from 56 to 87 km CDMA Micro base station: from 49 to 58 km CDMA Mobile station: 0 km OFDMA Macro base station: from 51 to 61 km OFDMA Micro base station: from 46 to 53 km OFDMA Mobile station: 0 km N.A N.A N.A N.A Minimum distance (I/N = 15.2 dB) N.A N.A N.A N.A NA I/N exceedence (same geographical area) Macro base station: 54-67 dB Mobile station: 25-68 dB N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 22 Rep. ITU-R M.2109 STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY 3 STUDY 4 STUDY 5 STUDY 6 STUDY 7 STUDY 8 STUDY 9 STUDY 10 STUDY 11 Short-term interference criteri
