1、 Report ITU-R S.2199(11/2010)Studies on compatibility of broadband wireless access systems and fixed-satellite service networks in the 3 400-4 200 MHz bandS SeriesFixed satellite serviceii Rep. ITU-R S.2199 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, effi
2、cient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector ar
3、e performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1.
4、Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can als
5、o be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, rad
6、iodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management
7、Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU
8、-R S.2199 1 REPORT ITU-R S.2199 Studies on compatibility of broadband wireless access systems and fixed-satellite service networks in the 3 400-4 200 MHz band1(2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive summary 4 1 Introduction 6 2 Regulatory status of the services having allocations in the 3 400-4 200
9、MHz band 6 2.1 Definitions 6 2.2 Table of frequency allocations 7 2.3 Coordination contours to protect FSS receive earth station . 9 3 FSS systems in the 3 400-4 200 MHz band . 11 3.1 Examples of FSS deployments . 11 3.2 Types of FSS receive earth stations 12 3.3 Unregistered earth stations . 13 3.4
10、 Conclusions on satellite system use of the 3 400-4 200 MHz band . 13 4 Broadband wireless access systems in the 3 400-4 200 MHz band . 13 5 Possible types of interference to the FSS . 14 6 Sharing and compatibility studies and results 15 6.1 Sharing between FSS and BWA (Co-frequency emission proble
11、m) 15 6.2 Compatibility of FSS with interference resulting from unwanted BWA emissions (Unwanted emission problem) . 15 6.3 FSS receiver overload (FSS Receiver “saturation” problem) . 16 7 Methods and techniques to enhance sharing and compatibility . 16 7.1 Individually licensed/registered FSS earth
12、 stations at specific locations . 16 7.2 BWA stations and/or FSS earth stations deployed in a ubiquitous manner and/or without individual licensing or registration . 16 1The characteristics of BWA can be fixed, mobile or nomadic. 2 Rep. ITU-R S.2199 Page 7.3 Possible techniques to avoid LNB saturati
13、on . 16 7.4 Example of National Regulatory/Technical solutions 17 8 Conclusions 17 Annex A FSS and BWA system parameters . 19 Attachment 1 to Annex A Spectrum masks for BWA base stations . 26 Attachment 2 to Annex A Spectrum emission mask for terminal station equipment operating in the band 3 400-3
14、800 MHz . 27 Annex B Description of studies 28 1 Introduction 28 Attachment 1 to Annex B Study A Compatibility between BWA systems and FSS earth stations 28 1 Introduction 28 2 Compatibility studys methodology and assumptions 28 2.1 FSS system parameters . 29 2.2 FSS earth station maximum permissibl
15、e interference 29 2.3 FSS ES antenna pattern 30 2.4 BWA system parameters 30 2.5 BWA base station antenna pattern 31 2.6 BWA terminal station antenna pattern . 31 2.7 BWA base station and terminal station out-of-band emission . 31 2.8 Propagation models 32 3 Results 33 3.1 BWA rural BS interfering w
16、ith 32 m FSS ES 33 3.2 BWA rural BS interfering with 8 m FSS ES 36 3.3 BWA rural BS interfering with 1.2 m FSS ES . 38 3.4 BWA urban BS interfering with 32 m FSS ES . 41 3.5 BWA urban BS interfering with 8 m FSS ES . 42 3.6 BWA urban BS interfering with 1.2 m FSS ES 43 3.7 BWA fixed-outdoor TS inter
17、fering with 32 m FSS ES 44 3.8 BWA fixed-outdoor TS interfering with 8 m FSS ES 45 3.9 BWA fixed-outdoor TS interfering with 1.2 m FSS ES . 47 Rep. ITU-R S.2199 3 Page 3.10 BWA fixed-indoor TS interfering with 32 m FSS ES 48 3.11 BWA fixed-indoor TS interfering with 8 m FSS ES 48 3.12 BWA fixed-indo
18、or TS interfering with 1.2 m FSS ES . 49 4 Conclusions 49 Attachment 2 to Annex B Description of Study B Evaluation of Study A with BWA antenna patterns and propagation model parameters 51 1 Introduction 51 2 Evaluation of parameters used in Recommendation ITU-R P.452-13 . 51 3 Set-up of simulations
19、 53 4 Results of simulation 56 4.1 Scenario 1 (BWA sectoral antenna, smooth earth) . 56 4.2 Scenario 2 (BWA sectoral antenna, actual terrain data) . 58 4.3 Scenario 3 (BWA omnidirectional antenna, smooth earth) 62 4.4 Scenario 4 (BWA omnidirectional antenna, actual terrain data) 63 5 Discussion of a
20、ssumptions . 64 5.1 Clutter parameters . 65 5.2 Use of sectorized antennas 66 5.3 Aggregate effect from multiple cells 67 6 Conclusions 68 Attachment 3 to Annex B Description of Study C Simulations for interference from a BWA system to FSS in The Netherlands . 69 1 Assumptions for simulation 69 2 Si
21、mulation results . 71 3 Conclusions 74 Attachment 4 to Annex B Description of Study D Study of required separation distances in order to avoid LNB saturation or non-linear behaviour . 75 1 Introduction 75 2 LNB operational range . 75 3 Set-up of simulations 75 4 Results of analysis 77 4 Rep. ITU-R S
22、.2199 Page 5 Discussion of results . 81 6 Aggregate effects 82 7 Band-pass filters on LNBs 83 8 Conclusions 83 Annex C . 84 Annex D Example of a national implementation FSS/BWA sharing arrangements in the 3 400-4 200 MHz band in Australia . 89 1 Introduction 89 2 Summary of the main sharing rules 89
23、 3 Summary and conclusion 93 Executive summary The 3 400-4 200 MHz band or parts of the band, where implemented, can be heavily used by the fixed-satellite service (FSS) for space-to-Earth transmissions. In some geographical regions, many administrations are introducing broadband wireless access (BW
24、A) systems in all or portions of this frequency band. As BWA is being introduced, harmful interference and loss of service for FSS receivers has been experienced. For these reasons, this Report examines the possibility of compatibility between BWA and FSS networks in the range 3 400-4 200 MHz for bo
25、th co-channel and adjacent channel operations. Appendix 7 of the Radio Regulations (RR) defines the methodology for calculating coordination contours around FSS receiving earth stations inside which coordination is required for terrestrial services. Such contours typically extend 400-1 000 km from t
26、he earth station. Implementation of BWA networks in a country will require international coordination with any country that has filed FSS earth stations whose coordination contour overlaps the service area of the BWA network. Different types of FSS receive earth stations need to be considered in the
27、 compatibility studies. This includes earth stations deployed ubiquitously, earth stations without individual licensing or registration, individually-licensed2earth stations, telemetry earth stations, and feeder link earth stations for mobile-satellite systems. Three possible types of interference h
28、ave been identified and considered in this Report, namely: 1. co-frequency emissions from BWA causing in-band interference to FSS systems, 2. unwanted emissions from the BWA transmitters, 3. signals from nearby BWA transmitters causing overload to FSS earth station receivers operating in adjacent ba
29、nds. 2The terms “licensed” and “registered” are used throughout this Report to refer to stations for which location coordinates are known so their protection may be possible. Rep. ITU-R S.2199 5 A set of parameters have been established that served as the basis for the compatibility studies. These a
30、re parameters concerning BWA base station and terminal station parameters, BWA and FSS antenna patterns, and FSS earth station parameters. Further a common set of propagation parameters to be used in the propagation model of Recommendation ITU-R P.452-13 have been set. A summary of the compatibility
31、 studies that were done based on the above parameters are presented in this Report. The results of these studies indicate that in order to provide protection to FSS earth station receivers, some separation distance between the stations of the BWA network and the FSS earth station receivers is requir
32、ed. The magnitude of the separation distance depends on the parameters of the networks, the protection criteria of concerned satellite networks and the deployment of the two services and whether the two services operate in the same or in adjacent frequency bands. With the assumptions used in the stu
33、dies, it was observed that when no particular shielding with respect to the interfering signal could be guaranteed, and that when no other mitigation technique is applied by the BWA network, the required separation distances would be ranging from several tens to in excess of 100 km for the co-channe
34、l interference case, and in the order of a few kilometres for the adjacent channel case. However, for co-channel compatibility, mitigation techniques for BWA have not been studied in this Report. Overall, from the studies reported in this text, it can be concluded that co-frequency operation of BWA
35、systems and FSS receive earth stations in the same geographic area is not feasible. The implications are that BWA deployment would need to respect the above-mentioned separation distances to protect existing FSS earth stations, which may adversely affect the future deployment of BWA systems. In addi
36、tion , when a BWA system is deployed, this creates an exclusion zone within which future deployments of FSS earth stations would not be possible. This limitation would adversely affect the future development in these zones of the infrastructure telecommunications/ICT of those countries which rely on
37、 the FSS in this band as the main backbone for this infrastructure . Operation of BWA in a channel immediately adjacent to the band used by an FSS earth station may cause interference to receive earth stations through two different mechanisms: i) Low Noise Block converter (LNB) saturation; ii) unwan
38、ted emissions from BWA transmitters that fall within the band in which the FSS earth station operates. In certain cases, particularly if the separation distances mentioned above are not met, the interference from BWA may block the reception of the earth station in the band in which it operates. Miti
39、gation techniques may be employed to reduce the likelihood of LNB saturation, e.g. installation of a pass band filter at the front end of the FSS earth station and/or reduction of the BWA power. It has been verified that when a BWA system operates in a band immediately next to the band in which the
40、FSS earth station operates, the effectiveness of the pass band filter is very limited. Accordingly, higher power BWA signals should not be operated in channels adjacent to the edge of the operating FSS band, leaving the spectrum closer to that FSS band for use by BWA signals with lower power. The po
41、tential for interference caused by unwanted emissions generated by BWA transmitters could be reduced by limiting the level of such emissions. To mitigate the LNB saturation interference, FSS earth stations could be also retrofitted with band pass filters at the LNB. This would improve the situation
42、with regard to reducing the earth stations susceptibility to interference. However, due to the large number of earth stations already deployed throughout the 3 400-4 200 MHz band, this would have cost and implementation implications which would also be significant. Introduction of band pass filters
43、would introduce additional losses in the FSS earth station receive path. In addition, introduction of filters does not improve the sharing situation in the co-channel case. This would adversely affect the future development of 6 Rep. ITU-R S.2199 these FSS systems in this band. This is in particular
44、 relevant for the developing countries for which the FSS forms the fundamental parts of their infrastructure for telecommunications/ICT networks. When the FSS earth stations are individually licensed or registered such that the locations of the stations are known and the location of the BWA base sta
45、tions and user terminals can be controlled, mitigation techniques to protect the FSS earth stations can be achieved by means of ensuring a minimum separation distance, taking into account specific site shielding and propagation conditions as a means to control and reduce the interference. When the B
46、WA stations and/or FSS earth stations are deployed in a ubiquitous manner and/or the locations of the stations are not known, no minimum separation distance can be guaranteed. In this case, compatibility of BWA networks operating within any part of the 3 400-4 200 MHz range and FSS networks operatin
47、g in this same range is not likely feasible within the same geographical area. 1 Introduction The 3 400-4 200 MHz band is allocated worldwide on a primary basis to the FSS. This band or parts of the band can be heavily used by the FSS for space-to-Earth transmissions. There are primary allocations t
48、o the mobile service and to the fixed service within the 3 400-4 200 MHz band. In various regions, many administrations are introducing BWA systems in all or portions of this frequency band. This Report examines the possible compatibility between BWA and FSS networks in the range 3 400-4 200 MHz. In
49、 addition, the potential of the FSS receiving harmful levels of interference due to unwanted emissions from BWA systems is investigated. 2 Regulatory status of the services having allocations in the 3 400-4 200 MHz band The ITU-R Radio Regulations define radiocommunication services and allocate different services to different frequency bands. Administrations are free to select a subset of these allocations for use in their own national spectrum allocations. 2.1 Definitions Some selected definitions in Article 1 o
