1、 Report ITU-R SA.2193(10/2010)Compatibility between the space research service (Earth-to-space) and the systemsin the fixed, mobile and inter-satellite service in the band 22.55-23.15 GHzSA SeriesSpace applications and meteorologyii Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sect
2、or is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy
3、functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC
4、referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and
5、the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting servi
6、ce (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and
7、fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever
8、, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2193 Compatibility between the space research service (Earth-to-space) and the systems in the fixed, mobile and inter-satellite service1in the band 22.55-23.15 GHz (2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 2 2 Characteristi
9、cs of the SRS earth station emissions . 3 3 Sharing between a transmitting SRS earth station and receiving stations in the inter-satellite service . 4 3.1 DRS user satellite characteristics (GSO-to-non-GSO ISL) 4 3.2 GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics 4 3.3 GSO-to-non-GSO ISL receivi
10、ng satellite characteristics . 5 3.4 Non-GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics 5 3.5 Non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISL characteristics 6 3.6 Orbital characteristics of the Moon 6 3.7 Observations on the characteristics of an interference event 6 4 Results for sharing with space stations in the int
11、er-satellite service 7 4.1 Statistical interference to a DRS user satellite (GSO-to-non-GSO) . 7 4.2 Statistical interference to GSO-to-GSO inter-satellite link 9 4.3 Statistical interference to non-GSO-to-GSO inter-satellite links . 11 4.4 Statistical interference to non-GSO-to-non-GSO inter-satell
12、ite links 12 4.5 Conclusions . 14 1Compatibility between the SRS and the inter-satellite service links of HIBLEO-2 type satellite systems is analyzed in Report ITU-R SA.2192. 2 Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 Page 5 Sharing between a transmitting SRS earth station and fixed wireless receiving stations in the fix
13、ed service 14 5.1 Approach for a static interference environment . 14 5.2 Time variant gain method to determine separation distances to protect point-to-point fixed wireless systems . 20 5.3 Time-invariant gain method to determine separation distances to protect point-to-point fixed service systems
14、. 22 5.4 Conclusions on the compatibility between P-P fixed service systems and SRS earth stations transmitting in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band . 23 6 Compatibility of receiving SRS satellites with transmitting fixed wireless systems in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band 25 7 Sharing between a transmitting SRS ea
15、rth station and receiving stations in the mobile service . 27 8 Summary and conclusions 27 1 Introduction It is envisioned that three types of space mission would be supported by SRS earth station transmissions in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band: 1. low-Earth orbiting scientific satellites; 2. manned and u
16、nmanned lunar exploration missions; and 3. scientific missions using satellites located in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. Data transmissions in the space-to-Earth direction for these types of missions are either currently operational or are planned to be operational in th
17、e 25.25-27.5 GHz band a band allocated for both space-to-Earth and space-to-space transmissions to data relay satellites. Data relay satellites, which are operated by several administrations (Recommendations ITU-R SA.1018 and ITU-R SA.1414), use the 22.55-23.55 GHz band for forward inter-orbit links
18、 and the 25.25-27.5 GHz band for return inter-orbit links to near-Earth orbiting user satellites. WRC-12 Agenda item 1.11 is “to consider a primary allocation to the space research service (Earth-to-space) within the band 22.55-23.15 GHz, taking into account the results of ITU-R studies, in accordan
19、ce with Resolution 753 (WRC-07)”. The Earth-to-space allocation will complement the existing space-to-space (25.25-27.5 GHz) and space-to-Earth (25.5-27.0 GHz) allocations and add the capability to support near-Earth missions using similar, if not identical technology, on board the user satellite. T
20、he 22.55-23.15 GHz band will be used for both command and control of the user satellite, and to support different applications within an exploration venture such as low-Earth orbit check-out, manned or un-manned spacecraft support during transfer phase, crew lander, surface operations, mission adjus
21、tment plans based on science and telemetry data with precise and high Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 3 resolution instructions and graphics, habitat, data and software uploading, re-programming, payload check-out and ranging signals. Manned missions will additionally require voice and video links for communicat
22、ion with the Earth. The number of SRS earth stations transmitting in the 22.55-23.15 GHz band will be small. Rather than building new SRS earth stations, upgrading selected existing SRS earth stations will predominate. Selecting which SRS earth stations to upgrade will be based on a number of factor
23、s, including the type of mission to be supported. The maximum number of SRS earth stations capable of supporting lunar and/or L2 missions is not expected to exceed ten to fifteen on a global basis over the next few decades. A similar number of SRS earth stations may support LEO missions, also on a g
24、lobal basis. These earth stations are typically located in rural, isolated areas at mid-latitudes. Analyses have been performed to determine the criteria for transmitting earth stations in the space research service (SRS) to share with stations in the inter-satellite, fixed and mobile services in th
25、e 22.55-23.15 GHz band. Analysed is the compatibility of SRS earth stations supporting three typical types of space research missions in the Earth-to-space direction in the 23 GHz band. These uplinks are to an SRS satellite in low-Earth orbit; in an orbit around the Moon or on the surface of the Moo
26、n; and, in a halo orbit around the L2 Lagrange point. These analyses are presented in the following sections: Section 2 describes the approach used to assess the compatibility between SRS earth stations and stations in the inter-satellite service (ISS). Section 2 presents the technical and operating
27、 characteristics of the SRS earth station. Section 3 presents the characteristics of typical ISS space stations. The ISS systems are data relay satellite (DRS) users (this system is also representative of GSO-to-non-GSO inter-satellite links (ISLs), GSO-to-GSO ISLs, GSO-to-non-GSO ISLs, non-GSO-to-G
28、SO ISLs and non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISLs. Section 3 also contains subsections describing the orbital characteristics of the Moon and observations on the characteristics of interference events. Sections 3 and 4 presents the results of the studies of sharing between transmitting SRS earth stations and spac
29、e stations in the inter-satellite service. The conclusions of these studies are presented in 4.4. Section 5 addresses sharing between SRS earth stations and the fixed service. The subsections of 5 describe the static and dynamic approaches used to assess sharing and summarizes the technical and oper
30、ating characteristics of the fixed and mobile systems considered and the typical separation distances required to protect fixed wireless stations. Section 5.4 presents the conclusions on the compatibility between a transmitting SRS earth station and P-P fixed wireless systems operating in the 22.55-
31、23.15 GHz band. Section 6 presents an analysis of the compatibility between transmitting fixed wireless systems and low-Earth orbiting SRS satellites. Section 7 addresses the technical principles to protect mobile systems from interference due to the emissions of an SRS earth station operating in th
32、e 22.55-23.15 GHz band. Section 8 provides a summary of the results of the analyses and the conclusions. 2 Characteristics of the SRS earth station emissions The characteristics of the SRS earth station emissions in the 23 GHz band and the orbital and receiving characteristics of the mission satelli
33、tes are summarized in Report ITU-R SA.2192. 4 Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 3 Sharing between a transmitting SRS earth station and receiving stations in the inter-satellite service Simulations have been used to determine the characteristics of interference caused by the emissions of an SRS earth station to the
34、 receiving system of DRS user satellites (GSO-to-non-GSO ISLs), to GSO-to-GSO ISLs, GSO-to-non-GSO ISLs, non-GSO-to-GSO ISLs, and to non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISLs, except with regard to HIBLEO-2. To simplify the analysis, the interfering SRS earth station is assumed to be located at either WSC (32.5 N by
35、106.6 W) transmitting to a receiving station located at a low-Earth orbit satellite, or at the three DSN stations (Goldstone/United States of America, Canberra/Australia and Madrid/Spain) transmitting to a receive station at the centre of the Moons disk or Goldstone (35.4 N by 116.9 W) transmitting
36、to a receiving station in L2 orbit. The technical and operating characteristics of the uplink SRS earth station are typical of the transmission characteristics being considered to support lunar missions. 3.1 DRS user satellite characteristics (GSO-to-non-GSO ISL) The characteristics of the DRS user
37、satellite are given in Table 1(1). 3.2 GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics The characteristics of the receiving satellite of a GSO-to-GSO ISL are given in Table 2 and, according to Recommendation ITU-R S.1591, are typical of ISLs in the 23 GHz band. The longitude of the receiving GSO
38、satellite is determined from typical elevation angles of 10, 20, 40 and 50 as viewed from an earth station located at 32.5 N latitude and at 35.4 N latitude. TABLE 1 DRS user satellite characteristics Parameter ValuesOrbital altitude (km) 705 Orbit type Circular Orbital inclination (degrees) 98.2 An
39、tenna gain(1)(dBi) 47.0 Reference radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672-4(2), LN= 20 dB Antenna pointing Boresight on DRS (1)Recommendation ITU-R SA.1414 (1999) Characteristics of data relay satellite systems. (2)Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4 (1997) Satellite antenna radiation pattern for use as a desig
40、n objective in the fixed-satellite service employing geostationary satellites. Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 5 TABLE 2 GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics Parameter ValuesLongitude of sub-satellite point(1)(degrees) 38.8 W, 50.6 W, 76.2 W, 94.6 W Longitude of sub-satellite point(2)(degrees) 49.9
41、 W, 52.3 W, 75.2 W, 90.0 W Orbit type GSO Central angle of the ISL span (degrees) 160.0 ISL length(3)(km) 83, 128 Antenna gain (dBi) 45.4 Reference radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672-4, LN = 25 dB Antenna pointing Boresight on transmitting GSO satellite Receiving system noise temperature (K) 700 (1)
42、Longitude of the sub-satellite point for each of the four scenarios is determined from elevation angles of 10, 20, 40 and 50 for ES at WSC. (2)Longitude of the sub-satellite point for each of the four scenarios is determined from elevation angles of 10, 20, 40 and 50 for ES at Goldstone. (3)Table 1
43、of Recommendation ITU-R S.1591. 3.3 GSO-to-non-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics The technical characteristics of non-GSO satellites receiving transmissions from a GSO satellite have been taken to be similar to those of DRS user satellite presented in 3.1. 3.4 Non-GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving
44、satellite characteristics The technical characteristics shown in Table 3 of a GSO receiving satellite in a non-GSO-to-GSO ISL have been taken from Recommendation ITU-R S.1591. TABLE 3 Non-GSO-to-GSO ISL receiving satellite characteristics Parameter Value Tx: orbit type Circular Tx: orbital altitude
45、(km) 1 400 Tx: orbital inclination (degrees) 48 Rx: orbit type GSO WSC Rx: longitude of sub-satellite point (degrees) 38.8 W, 50.6 W, 76.2 W, 94.6 W Goldstone Rx: longitude of sub-satellite point (degrees) 49.9 W, 52.3 W, 75.2 W, 90.0 W Rx: antenna gain (dBi) 45.4 Rx: reference radiation pattern Rec
46、. ITU-R S.672-4, LN = 25 dB Rx: antenna pointing Boresight on closest non-GSO 6 Rep. ITU-R SA.2193 3.5 Non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISL characteristics The technical characteristics of a receiving ISL satellite in a non-GSO orbit have been derived from Recommendation ITU-R S.1591 as given in Table 4. In the a
47、bsence of actual information, this data has been used for non-GSO-to-non-GSO inter-satellite links. TABLE 4 Assumed non-GSO-to-non-GSO ISL system characteristics Parameter Value Tx: Number of satellite planes 7 Tx: Number of satellites per plane 9 Tx: Orbit type Circular Tx: Orbital altitude (km) 1
48、400 Tx: Orbital inclination (degrees) 48 Rx: Orbit type Circular Rx: Orbital altitude (km) 1 400 Rx: Orbital inclination (degrees) 48 Rx: Antenna gain (dBi) 37.4 Rx: Reference radiation pattern Annex IV to RR. App. 7 Rx: Antenna pointing Towards intra-planar satellites: N, S Towards inter-planar sat
49、ellites: NE, SE, NW, SW 3.6 Orbital characteristics of the Moon The principle orbital characteristics of the Moon used in the analyses were obtained. The mean value of the Moons semi-major axis is 384 400 km and its average side-real period is about 27.316 days. However, solar perturbations may vary the sidereal period by as much as 7 h. The mean eccentricity is about 0.055. The mean value of the inclination of the Moon to the ecliptic is about 5.133. However, unlike the Earths equatorial plane whose orientation in inertial space is relatively fixe
