1、 Recommendation ITU-R RS.1260-2 (09/2017) Feasibility of sharing between active spaceborne sensors and other services in the range 420-470 MHz RS Series Remote sensing systems ii Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient a
2、nd economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are perfo
3、rmed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms t
4、o be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be fo
5、und. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, ra
6、diodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management
7、 SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of t
8、his publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R RS.1260-2 Feasibility of sharing between active spaceborne sensors and other services in the range 420-470 MHz (Question ITU-R 218/7) (1997-2003-2017) Scope This
9、 Recommendation provides the technical and operational characteristics to be respected by EESS (active) sensors operating in the band 432-438 MHz in order to ensure protection of the other primary services operating in the band. Keywords EESS, active sensors, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), space ob
10、ject tracking radar, exclusion zone Related Recommendations and Reports Recommendations ITU-R F.758, ITU-R F.1108 ITU-R M.1462, ITU-R M.1462. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that synthetic aperture radars (SARs) can measure soil moisture, forest biomass, can detect buried geologi
11、c structures such as faults, fractures, synclines and anticlines, and can map and measure the depth of Antarctic ice, and hydrogeological properties of arid and semiarid regions; b) that experimental SARs mounted on aircraft have demonstrated the potential for making these measurements; c) that thes
12、e spaceborne SARs must operate at frequencies below 500 MHz in order to penetrate dense vegetation and the Earths surface on a worldwide repetitive basis; d) that frequency bands between 420-470 MHz are currently allocated to the radiolocation, fixed, amateur, space operations and mobile services; e
13、) that within the amateur service weak-signal operations (including Earth-Moon-Earth) are conducted centred around 432 MHz, and amateur-satellite operations (both uplink and downlink) are conducted in the band 435-438 MHz; f) that other uses are made of portions of these bands including: wind profil
14、ers in the range 440-450 MHz, and in case of incompatibility between wind profiler radars and other applications, in the bands 420-435 MHz and 438-440 MHz (Resolution 217 (WRC-97); launch vehicle range safety command destruct receivers in the band 449.75-450.25 MHz (No. 5.286 of the Radio Regulation
15、s (RR), as well as around 421.0, 425.0, 427.0, 440.0 and 445.0 MHz in the United States of America and Brazil and, in the French Overseas Departments in Region 2 and India, the band 433.75-434.25 MHz (RR No. 5.281); g) that certain spaceborne SARs could produce pfds at the Earths surface in excess o
16、f the pfd levels that may be required to protect the fixed service and the land mobile service allocated in this frequency range; 2 Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 h) that co-frequency sharing with wind profilers is likely to be unfeasible due to interference to the spaceborne active sensor; i) that SARs and t
17、he amateur service (primary in Region 1 and secondary in Regions 2 and 3, except as in RR No. 5.278) can coexist in the band 430-440 MHz, by taking appropriate technical and operational measures defined in Annex 1 to this Recommendation; j) that in addition, the provisions of RR Nos 5.274, 5.275, 5.
18、276, 5.277, 5.278, 5.281 and 5.283 list countries that have defined portions of the band between 430 and 440 MHz as having primary status for the fixed, mobile, space operation and/or the amateur services; k) that some sharing studies have indicated that co-frequency sharing between the amateur serv
19、ices and some proposed SARs in the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) is possible for some amateur modes of transmission such as FM and time division multiple access (TDMA), but would be difficult with continuous wave and single sideband modes of operation; l) that Recommendation ITU-R M.146
20、2 contains the technical and operational characteristics of, and protection criteria for, radars (airborne, shipborne, and space object tracking) operating in the radiolocation service operating in the band 420-450 MHz; m) that there is a potential for unacceptable interference from some spaceborne
21、SARs to terrestrial space object tracking radars operating in the band 420-450 MHz if the spaceborne SAR radar is within the view of the terrestrial radars (i.e. above the radars visible horizon); n) that some spaceborne SARs will be tracked by terrestrial space object tracking radars, and that the
22、resultant unwanted received power level at a spaceborne SAR can approach its maximum power-handling capability; o) that there is a potential for unacceptable interference from some spaceborne SARs to airborne and shipborne radars operating in 420-450 MHz, the probability and severity of which is hig
23、hly dependent upon the characteristics of the SARs; p) that any harmful interference, even for very short periods, by SARs into launch vehicle command destruct receivers could impede the safety of life and property; q) that given the complexity of the EESS (active) instruments implementation in thes
24、e low frequencies, very few such platforms are expected to be in orbit at the same time, recommends 1 that active spaceborne sensors operating in the bands used by the amateur service, the amateur satellite service, the fixed, radiolocation, space operation, mobile services and the MSS in the range
25、420-470 MHz, respect the technical and operational constraints provided in Annex 1 to this Recommendation; 2 that spaceborne active sensors operating in the range 420-450 MHz not be put into operation within view of the terrestrial space object tracking radars listed in Table 2, unless detailed anal
26、ysis, on a case-by-case basis, to include consideration of the effects of the radars receiver processing upon unwanted SAR signals, and possibly field testing have been performed to confirm compatibility with the mutual agreement of the affected administrations; 3 that a spaceborne SAR intended for
27、operation in the 420-450 MHz band be designed to tolerate the unwanted signal power levels that will result from being tracked by terrestrial space object tracking radars; 4 that sufficient frequency and geographical separation between spaceborne SARs and wind profilers operating in the ranges 420-4
28、32 MHz and 438-450 MHz may need to be provided; 5 that spaceborne active sensor frequency bands be selected in such a way as not to overlap with launch vehicle range safety command destruct receive frequency bands listed in considering f); Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 3 6 that in cases where recommends 5 be
29、comes difficult to implement, spaceborne active sensors operating in the frequency ranges allocated for launch vehicle range safety command destruct receive frequency bands should not be put into operation within the specific distance of locations where launch vehicle commands are used, in order to
30、avoid interference from spaceborne active sensors into launch vehicle receivers. Annex 1 Technical and operational constraints for EESS (active) operating in the range 420-470 MHz For the purposes of protecting stations operating in the existing services, SAR transmissions from stations in the EESS
31、(active) operating in the frequency range 420-470 MHz are subject to the technical and operational constraints specified in this Annex. The following constraints are based on ITU-R studies. Annex 2 provides information on the feasibility of sharing between active spaceborne sensors and other service
32、s in the range of 420-470 MHz. 1 Technical constraints TABLE 1 Technical constraints for EESS (active) instruments in the range 420-470 MHz 2 Operational constraints EESS (active) operating in the band 420-450 MHz shall not transmit within view of the terrestrial space object tracking radars listed
33、in Table 2, unless detailed analysis, to include consideration of the effects of the radars receiver processing upon unwanted SAR signals, and possibly field testing, have been performed to confirm compatibility. As a consequence of the above constraints, EESS (active) instruments shall be designed
34、in such a way as to allow programmable turning off of all RF emissions over geographical areas or countries where ITU regulations or national regulations do not allow their operations. The EESS (active) instruments operation profile shall be campaign-oriented, targeted to specific geographical areas
35、 and shall limit the instrument active time to the minimum required to achieve the campaign objectives. Thus, the measurements carried out by the instrument do not require continuous operation of the instrument, and intervals of months between successive measurements on the same area can be expected
36、. Parameter Value Peak pfd on Earths surface from antenna main lobe 140 dB(W/(m2 Hz) Maximum mean pfd on Earths surface from antenna main lobe 150 dB(W/(m2 Hz) Maximum mean pfd on Earths surface from 1st antenna side lobe 170 dB(W/(m2 Hz) 4 Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 The operational duty cycle in campaign
37、-mode will be 15% maximum (typically 10%). While not in campaign-mode, the instrument will be switched off. FIGURE 1 Example of exclusion zone around space object tracking radars for a SAR in a 665 km orbit (Land masses outside of exclusion zone are shown in “red”) R S . 1 2 6 0 - 0 1TABLE 2 Space o
38、bject tracking radars operating in 430-440 MHz Radar location Latitude Longitude Massachusetts (United States of America) 41.8 N 70.5 W Texas (United States of America) 31.0 N 100.6 W California (United States of America) 39.1 N 121.5 W Georgia (United States of America) 32.6 N 83.6 W Florida (Unite
39、d States of America) 30.6 N 86.2 W North Dakota (United States of America) 48.7 N 97.9 W Alaska (United States of America) 64.3 N 149.2 W Thule (Greenland) 76.6 N 68.3 W Fylingdales Moor (United Kingdom) 54.5 N 0.4 W 3 Protection criteria for existing services in the frequency range 420-470 MHz Not
40、all protection criteria mentioned in this section are contained in ITU-R Recommendations. Therefore, some of these protection criteria have been derived from information provided in ITU-R studies. Table 3 reflects the information available at the time of the development of this Recommendation. It sh
41、ould be noted that any future Recommendation describing the protection criteria for any given service, has preference above the value listed in the table as derived from ITU-R studies. Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 5 TABLE 3 Protection criteria for services in the range 420-470 MHz Frequency range (MHz) RR s
42、ervices The time percentages and criteria in columns 4 and 5 are to be applied only in the following geographical areas Maximum percentage of time that the criteria may be exceeded(1) Interference criteria at receiving stations Sources 430-440 Amateur Within line-of-sight (LoS) of terrestrial amateu
43、r stations located in regions defined in considering i) 1% pfd 204 dB(W/(m2 Hz)(2) ITU-R studies 435-438 Amateur satellite Within LoS of satellite amateur earth stations located in regions defined in considering i) 1% pfd 197 dB(W/(m2 Hz) ITU-R studies 435-438 Amateur satellite Within LoS of receive
44、rs of amateur space stations 1% pfd 187 dB(W/(m2 Hz) ITU-R studies 420-470(3) Fixed Within LoS of stations of the fixed service including stations located in regions defined in considering j) Not applicable (I/N)MEAN 20 dB (equivalent to 1% fractional degradation in performance) Recs. ITU-R F.758 an
45、d ITU-R F.1108 420-432 and 438-450 Radio-location Within LoS of wind profiler radars (4) (I/N)PEAK 6 dB Rec. ITU-R M.1462 420-450 Space operation Within LoS of launch vehicle command destruct receivers located in regions defined in considering j) Frequency or geographical separation required ITU-R s
46、tudies 420-450 Radio-location Within LoS of terrestrial space object tracking radars(5) (4) (I/N)PEAK 6 dB Rec. ITU-R M.1462 420-450 Radio-location Within LoS of shipborne radars (4) (I/N)PEAK 6 dB Rec. ITU-R M.1462 420-450 Radio-location Within LoS of airborne radars (4) (I/N)PEAK 6 dB Rec. ITU-R M
47、.1462 420-470(3) Mobile Within LoS of mobile stations including stations located in Regions defined in considering j) 0.1% pfd 204 dB(W/(m2 Hz)(2) ITU-R studies 6 Rec. ITU-R RS.1260-2 Notes to Table 3: (1) Considering all active SARs in this frequency range. (2) The maximum aggregate pfd specified f
48、or the band 430-440 MHz has been based on the maximum acceptable interference level received by the average side lobe of an amateur receiving antenna. (3) In the frequency range 430-440 MHz, the fixed and mobile services are allocated only in some countries by footnote. (4) The criterion given in Re
49、commendation ITU-R M.1462 is based on the protection of radiolocation systems from noise-like interference. Sharing may be possible between radiolocation systems and spaceborne active sensors at interference levels greater than those given in Recommendation ITU-R M.1462 through the use of signal processing techniques to filter out unwanted pulsed emissions. Recommendation ITU-R M.1372 provides a description of some of these interference suppression techniques. (5) The EESS (active) operating in the band 420
