1、 Recommendation ITU-R S.1503-2(12/2013)Functional description to be used in developing software tools for determining conformity of non-geostationary-satellite orbit fixed-satellite system networks with limits contained in Article 22 of the Radio RegulationsS SeriesFixed-satellite serviceii Rec. ITU
2、-R S.1503-2 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of w
3、hich Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is de
4、scribed in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementat
5、ion of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film
6、for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorolog
7、y SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedur
8、e detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.1503-2 Functional description to be used in deve
9、loping software tools for determining conformity of non-geostationary-satellite orbit fixed-satellite system networks with limits contained in Article 22 of the Radio Regulations (2000-2005-2013) Scope This Recommendation provides a functional description of the software for use by the Radiocommunic
10、ation Bureau of ITU to conduct examination of non-GSO FSS system notifications for their compliance with the “validation” limits specified in the Radio Regulations. Keywords Epfd; non-GSO; methodology. Abbreviations/Glossary Alpha angle (): the minimum angle at the GSO earth station between the line
11、 to the non-GSO satellite and the lines to the GSO arc. e.i.r.p. mask: equivalent isotropic radiated power mask used to define the emissions of the non-GSO earth station in the epfd(up) calculation or the emissions of the non-GSO satellite for the epfd(IS) calculation. epfd: equivalent power flux-de
12、nsity, as defined in RR No. 22.5C.1, of which there are three cases to consider: epfd(down): emissions from the non-GSO satellite system into a GSO satellite earth station; epfd(up): emissions from the non-GSO earth station into a GSO satellite; epfd(IS): inter-satellite emissions from the non-GSO s
13、atellite system into a GSO satellite system. pfd mask: power flux-density mask used to define the emissions of the non-GSO satellite in the epfd(down) calculation. X angle (X): the minimum angle at the non-GSO satellite between the line from the GSO earth station and the lines to the GSO arc. WCG: W
14、orst Case Geometry, the location of the GSO earth station and GSO satellite that analysis suggests would cause the highest single entry epfd values for given inputs. 2 Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 Related ITU-R Recommendations Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-2 Reference BSS earth station antenna patterns for us
15、e in interference assessment involving non-GSO satellites in frequency bands covered by RR Appendix 30 Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4 Satellite antenna radiation pattern for use as a design objective in the fixed-satellite service employing geostationary satellites Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 Refere
16、nce FSS earth-station radiation patterns for use in interference assessment involving non-GSO satellites in frequency bands between 10.7 GHz and 30 GHz The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that WRC-2000 adopted, in Article 22, single-entry limits applicable to non-geostationary satell
17、ite orbit (non-GSO) fixed-satellite service (FSS) systems in certain parts of the frequency range 10.7-30 GHz to protect geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) networks operating in the same frequency bands from unacceptable interference; b) that these frequency bands are currently used or planned to b
18、e used extensively by geostationary-satellite systems (GSO systems); c) that during the examination under Nos. 9.35 and 11.31, the Bureau examines non-GSO FSS systems to ensure their compliance with the single-entry epfd limits given in Tables 22-1A, 22-1B, 22-1C, 22-1D, 22-1E, 22-2 and 22-3 of Arti
19、cle 22 of the Radio Regulations (RR); d) that to perform the regulatory examination referred to in considering c), the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) requires a software tool that permits the calculation of the power levels produced by such systems, on the basis of the specific characteristics of ea
20、ch non-GSO FSS system submitted to the Bureau for coordination or notification, as appropriate; e) that GSO FSS and GSO broadcasting-satellite service (BSS) systems have individual characteristics and that interference assessments will be required for multiple combinations of antenna characteristics
21、, interference levels and probabilities; f) that designers of satellite networks (non-GSO FSS, GSO FSS and GSO BSS) require knowledge of the basis on which the BR will make such checks; g) that such tools may be already developed or under development and may be offered to the BR, recommends 1 that t
22、he functional description specified in Annex 1 should be used to develop software tools calculating the power levels produced by non-GSO FSS systems and the compliance of these levels with the limits contained in Tables 22-1A, 22-1B, 22-1C, 22-1D, 22-1E, 22-2 and 22-3 of Article 22 of the RR. Rec. I
23、TU-R S.1503-2 3 Annex 1 Functional description of software for use by the BR in checking compliance of non-GSO FSS systems with epfd limits TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART A Fundamental constraints and basic assumptions 3 PART B Input parameters . 9 PART C Generation of pfd/e.i.r.p. masks . 20 PART D So
24、ftware for the examination of non-GSO filings . 38 PART E Testing of the reliability of the software outputs . 113 PART F Software implementing this Recommendation. 115 PART A Fundamental constraints and basic assumptions 1 General 1.1 Purpose The software algorithm described in this Annex is design
25、ed for its application by the BR to conduct examination of the non-GSO FSS system notifications for their compliance with the limits contained in Tables 22-1A, 22-1B, 22-1C, 22-1D, 22-1E, 22-2 and 22-3 of Article 22 of the RR. The algorithm could also under certain conditions permit examination of w
26、hether coordination is required between non-GSO FSS systems and large earth stations under Articles 9.7A and 9.7B using the criteria in RR Appendix 5. The algorithm in this Recommendation was developed based upon a reference GSO satellite in equatorial orbit with zero inclination angle. The analysis
27、 to determine whether a non-GSO satellite system meets the epfd limits in Article 22 of the RR is made by calculating the epfd levels at this reference satellite or at an earth station pointing towards it. A GSO satellite system operating at other inclination angles could be predicted to receive hig
28、her epfd levels without the non-GSO satellite system being considered in breach of the Article 22 limits. Analysis under RR Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B, however, is to determine if coordination is required by comparing against the trigger level in Appendix 5 of the RR, and therefore in this case other method
29、ologies, including those that assume non-zero GSO satellite inclination, could be acceptable alternatives. 4 Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 1.2 Software block-diagram The block-diagram of the software algorithm described in this Annex is shown in Fig. 1. It comprises initial data and calculation for the notify
30、ing administration and the BR. The data section contains the whole set of parameters relevant to the notified non-GSO system, a set of reference GSO system parameters as well as epfd limits provided by the BR. The calculation section is designed for estimations required to examine notified non-GSO s
31、ystems compliance with the epfd limits. The calculation section is based on a concept of a downlink power flux-density (pfd) mask (see Note 1), an uplink effective isotropic radiated power (e.i.r.p.) mask (see Note 2) and inter-satellite e.i.r.p. mask (see Note 3). NOTE 1 A pfd mask is a maximum pfd
32、 produced by a non-GSO space station and is defined in Part C. NOTE 2 An e.i.r.p. mask is a maximum e.i.r.p. radiated by a non-GSO earth station and is a function of an off-axis angle for the transmitting antenna main beam. NOTE 3 An inter-satellite e.i.r.p. mask is a maximum e.i.r.p. radiated by a
33、non-GSO space station and is a function of an off-axis angle for the boresight or (azimuth, elevation) angles of the non-GSO space station. The pfd / e.i.r.p. masks are calculated by the filing administration as identified in Block 1 and then supplied with the other non-GSO system parameters in Bloc
34、ks a and b. The BR supplies additional parameters, in particular the epfd limits in Block c. Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 5 FIGURE 1 Stages in epfd Verification - Key Logic Blocks S.1503-01Input data to EPFD calculationMask generationEPFD calculations undertaken by BR and software toolParameters of non-GSO s
35、ystem deliveredby a notifying administrationInitial data available at the BRBR Data input to EPFD calculationsNon-GSO System parameters inputto EPFD calculationsCalculation of pfd / e.i.r.p. maskspfd / e.i.r.p. masksBlock cBlock bBlock aBlock 1Block 2Determination of runs to executeDetermination of
36、worst casegeometryCalculation of EPFD statistics andlimit compliance checkingDecision: pass / failBlock 3Block 4Undertaken by the filing administration1.3 Allocation of responsibilities between Administrations and the BR for software employment Taking into account significant complexity regarding sp
37、ecific features of different non-GSO system configurations in the software it would seem appropriate to impose some burden of responsibility relevant to testing for epfd limits on administrations notifying appropriate non-GSO systems. Therefore the examination procedure for meeting epfd limits would
38、 consist of two stages. The first stage would include derivation of a mask for pfd / e.i.r.p. produced by interfering non-GSO network stations. The mask would account for all the features of specific non-GSO systems arrangements (such as possible beam pointing and transmit powers). The first stage w
39、ould be finalized by the delivery of the pfd / e.i.r.p. mask to the BR. 6 Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 The second stage calculations would be effected at the BR. The second stage would feature the following operations: Identification of the runs required for a non-GSO network taking into account the frequenc
40、ies for which it has filed and the frequency ranges for which there are epfd limits in Article 22 (Block 2). Definition of the maximum epfd geometry of a GSO space station and an earth station of that network (Block 3). It would ensure verification of sharing feasibility for a notified non-GSO netwo
41、rk with any GSO network in the FSS and BSS. epfd statistics estimation (Block 4). Making a decision on interference compliance with appropriate epfd limits. The estimations are based on the non-GSO system parameters (Blocks a and b) delivered by a notifying administration and the initial data (Block
42、 c) available at the BR. Any administration may use software that uses the algorithms defined in this Annex together with data on the non-GSO networks to estimate statistics for interference into its own GSO networks and check for compliance with epfd limits. It would assist in solving probable disp
43、utes between the BR and administrations concerned. The elements of the software block-diagram discussed are presented hereinafter in detail. The Parts are as follows: Part A Basic limitations and main system requirements for the software as a whole are presented. Part B Non-GSO networks parameters a
44、nd initial data for Blocks a and b are discussed. Part C Definitions and estimation algorithms for pfd / e.i.r.p. masks relative to non-GSO network earth and space stations are presented. Specifics of those masks applying in simulation is also discussed (Block 1). Part D The part deals with general
45、requirements on the software related to examination of non-GSO networks notifications, algorithms to estimate epfd statistics, and the format for output data presentation. Part D covers issues of Blocks 2, 3 and 4. Parts E, F These parts define requirements on the software related to valuation of de
46、livered software and to verification of the software output on validity. 2 Fundamental assumptions 2.1 Units of measurement To provide for adequate simulation results and to avoid errors a common measurement units system is used in Table 1 for the software description. The list of measurement units
47、for the basic physical parameters is shown in Table 1. Rec. ITU-R S.1503-2 7 TABLE 1 The system of measurement units for basic physical parameters used for the software performance description Parameter Units Distance km Angle degrees Time s Linear rotation velocity km/s Angular rotation velocity de
48、grees/s Frequency GHz Frequency bandwidth kHz Power dBW Power spectral density dB(W/Hz) pfd dB(W/(m2 BWref) Average number of co-frequency non-GSO earth stations per unit area 1/km2epfd, epfdor epfdisdB(W/BWref) Antenna gain dBi Geographical position on the Earths surface degrees 2.2 Constants The f
49、unctional description of the software for examination of non-GSO networks notification at the BR uses the constants shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Constants to be used by software Parameter Notation Numerical value Units Radius of the Earth Re6 378.145 km Radius of geostationary orbit Rgeo42 164.2 km Gravitational constant 3.986012 105km3/s2Speed of light c 2.99792458 105km/s Angular rate of rotation of the Earth e4.1780745823 103degrees/s Earth rotation period Te86 164.09054 s Factor of the Earth non-sphericity J20.001082636 2.3 The Earth m
