1、 Recommendation ITU-R S.2049(12/2013)Access procedures for fixed-satelliteservice occasional use, transmissions to geostationary-satellite orbit space stations, in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bandsS SeriesFixed-satellite serviceii Rec. ITU-R S.2049 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication
2、 Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and po
3、licy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO
4、/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC
5、 and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broad
6、casting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-s
7、atellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publicatio
8、n Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R S.2049 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.2049 Access procedures for fixed-satellite service occasional use1, transmissions to geostationary-satell
9、ite orbit space stations, in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands (2013) Scope This Recommendation provides access procedures for fixed-satellite service (FSS) occasional use (OU), transmissions to geostationary-satellite orbit space stations, in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands. An oc
10、casional use transmission is a telecommunication application in the fixed-satellite service where the transmission lasts a limited period of time ranging from minutes to months. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the number of FSS earth stations used for OU carrier transmission
11、s in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands is increasing; b) that OU transmissions are often characterized by frequent changes in earth station antenna pointing, frequency, power level, polarization sense, carrier bandwidth and modulation technique; c) that the proliferation of the use of OU tra
12、nsmitting earth stations, and their frequent changes in link parameters, has caused an increase in unintentional interference to other satellite users; d) that a procedure for OU carrier transmissions from FSS earth stations can reduce the opportunity for unintentional interference to other satellit
13、e users; e) that some OU operators may have equipment and operational differences that can result in certain portions of the general procedure in Annex 1 being inapplicable; f) that satellite resources will be more efficiently used if an appropriate access procedure is used, recognizing a) that RR N
14、o. 18.1 states “No transmitting station may be established or operated by a private person or by any enterprise without a license issued in an appropriate form and in conformity with the provisions of the Radio Regulations by or on behalf of the government of the country to which the station in ques
15、tion is subject (however, see Nos. 18.2, 18.8 and 18.11)”, recommends 1 that operators of OU FSS earth stations in the bands listed in considering a) and licensed or authorized in an appropriate form to operate by or on behalf of the government of the country where the earth stations are located, sh
16、ould use the general access procedure described in Annex 1 as a basis for more specific and detailed practices that are to be followed when accessing a GSO FSS satellite. 1The term “occasional use” is defined in Annex 1. 2 Rec. ITU-R S.2049 Annex 1 Access procedures for fixed-satellite service occas
17、ional use, transmissions to geostationary-satellite orbit space stations, in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 3 2 Definitions 4 3 Equipment selection . 5 4 Procedures 5 4.1 General OU access procedure . 5 4.1.1 Understand the parameters of the transmiss
18、ion . 5 4.1.2 Ensure equipment and cabling are functioning 6 4.1.3 Setup for transmission 6 4.1.4 Transmit with permission only 6 4.2 Pre-transmission antenna pointing and cross-polarization alignment 7 4.2.1 Inclined satellites 9 4.3 Avoiding retransmission of nearby RF signals . 9 4.4 Additional c
19、onsiderations for fixed earth stations 10 4.4.1 Modulation settings 10 4.4.2 Time of day 10 4.4.3 Power levels . 10 4.5 Additional considerations for transportable earth stations . 11 4.6 Determining location of the earth station and the satellite . 11 4.7 Additional considerations for auto deploy e
20、arth stations . 11 Attachment 1 to Annex 1 Guidelines for power requirements for earth stations . 12 Rec. ITU-R S.2049 3 1 Introduction An occasional use transmission is a telecommunication application in the FSS where the transmission lasts a limited period of time ranging from minutes to months. T
21、hese transmissions are not part of those within a geostationary satellite network where earth stations are under the automated control of a central station, such as transmissions within a centrally-managed very small aperture terminals (VSAT) network. Occasional use (OU) transmissions are often char
22、acterized by frequent changes in earth station antenna pointing, frequency, power level, polarization sense, carrier bandwidth and modulation technique. A FSS earth station under the OU transmissions designation is an earth station that transmits video, audio, and/or data and also has the following
23、characteristics: the earth station is used for more than one type of carrier transmission during a one year period; or the earth station antenna may move off a space station and back on to a space station between transmissions, or may be stowed and deployed between transmissions, or may be pointed a
24、t different space stations during normal use; or earth station transmission equipment is replaced or reconfigured as part of normal operations. Reconfiguration would include, but not be limited to, changing frequency, modulation mode, replacing waveguide; or the earth station is radiating a carrier
25、for the first time at a particular frequency and/or on a particular geostationary space station; and the earth station is not under positive central control, meaning some or all of the following settings are adjusted by the station operator: antenna azimuth, elevation, and polarization, modem freque
26、ncy, power, and bandwidth, and frequency conversion and amplifier gain. Satellite news gathering (SNG) and fixed-location teleport earth stations that do not transmit constantly over a multi-year period are two examples of OU earth stations. The possible changes in link parameters listed above can g
27、ive rise to unintentional interference due to illumination of the wrong geostationary space station, illumination of adjacent space stations at power density levels that exceed inter-satellite coordination agreements, or illumination of the correct space station at an incorrect frequency, power leve
28、l, polarization sense, or bandwidth, or with spurious signals. It is the objective of this Recommendation to provide guidance to occasional use earth station operators, geostationary satellite operators and regulators on the avoidance of this unintentional interference. This Annex defines a General
29、Access Procedure (GAP) for OU earth station operators accessing geostationary space stations operating in the FSS frequency bands. While equipment configuration or operational conditions may in some instances limit the applicability of the procedure and require augmentation with more detail, careful
30、 attention in making use of the applicable portions of the GAP should significantly reduce the possibility of unacceptable interference to other satellite users. The access procedure described in this Recommendation is not intended to apply to the normal operation of networks that have transmitting
31、earth stations under the control of a centralized access management and control system after initial commissioning. This Recommendation, and the procedures contained within, assumes that readers and operators have been trained on basic satellite communication systems. This Recommendation is intended
32、 to provide some easy-to-follow practices to enable OU operators to transmit to geostationary space stations without interfering with other users on the target satellite or with users on any other nearby satellites. 4 Rec. ITU-R S.2049 2 Definitions The following definitions apply throughout this Re
33、commendation. Access Method by which transmission to a geostationary satellite is established. CW Continuous Wave, an un-modulated RF transmission. DSNG Digital satellite news gathering. FEC Forward error correction. A method for correcting transmissions errors at the receive site. FM Frequency modu
34、lation. FSS frequency bands For the purpose of this Recommendation, the following is a list of frequency bands allocated to the FSS and used by geostationary satellite networks: 4/6 GHz (widely referred as C-band); 11-12/13/14 GHz (widely referred as Ku-band). GAP General access procedure: this refe
35、rs to the entire contents of this Annex. GPS Global Positioning System: a satellite based system that provides location information. GSM Global System for Mobile Communications. Standard for 2G cellular mobile communications. IF Intermediate frequency. Frequency range used at satellite earth station
36、s to route signals between components, e.g. between modulators and upconverters, between downconverters and demodulators. The most common IF frequencies used are 70 MHz, 140 MHz, L-band (from 950 MHz to 2 200 MHz). OU Occasional use (OU) refers to satellite ground facilities and satellite transponde
37、r bandwidth, purchased or utilized on a temporary or as-needed basis. Typically these resources are offered beginning in 5 minute segments, progressing up to multiple hours, days, weeks or even months, and used for non-fulltime and/or short-duration transmissions. Transmissions within a GSO FSS netw
38、ork where earth stations are under the automated control of a central station, such as transmissions within a centrally-managed VSAT network, are not considered OU transmissions for the purposes of this Recommendation. OU services are generally utilized in cases such as disasters, breaking news even
39、ts, sport or entertainment events, or other transmission requirements that may require facilities and satellite capacity to accommodate a short term need. OU services are typically made available by satellite owner/operators as well as resellers who maintain facilities and transponder capacity to su
40、pply end-users requiring these services. SAC Satellite access centre: an organization responsible for the coordinated access to satellite space segment. This organization can be managed by the satellite operator or by another organization approved by the satellite operator for this function. SFD Sat
41、uration flux density: the carrier power density required to saturate a transponder. SNG Satellite news gathering. Rec. ITU-R S.2049 5 UTC Coordinated Universal Time: primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. 3 Equipment selection Where applicable, all equipment used for OU
42、satellite access should comply with the following ITU-R Recommendations: ITU-R S.465 Reference radiation pattern of earth station antennas in the fixed-satellite service for use in coordination and interference assessment in the frequency range from 2 to 31 GHz. ITU-R S.524 Maximum permissible level
43、s of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from earth stations in geostationary-satellite orbit networks operating in the fixed-satellite service transmitting in the 6 GHz, 13 GHz, 14 GHz and 30 GHz frequency bands. ITU-R S.731 Reference earth-station cross-polarized radiation pattern for use in frequency coord
44、ination and interference assessment in the frequency range from 2 to about 30 GHz. It is particularly important that earth station antenna systems have the performance and size consistent with the calculated link budgets to minimize interference to/from adjacent geostationary satellites. Further, th
45、e use of the earth stations must be in compliance with domestic regulations, terrestrial coordination requirements as well as inter-satellite coordination agreements with geostationary and non-geostationary satellites applicable to the specific FSS allocated band, in which the earth station operates
46、, and technical specifications and operational limits imposed by the satellite operator. Whenever possible, a spectrum analyser that is capable of monitoring signals throughout the uplink and downlink path should be available. 4 Procedures Any geostationary satellite access requires four primary par
47、ameters to be correctly configured: earth station antenna alignment, including transmit polarizer settings, if applicable; frequency, modulation, and bandwidth settings; time of transmission; and power level. All four of these basic parameters need to be correctly calibrated and set prior to access
48、in order to ensure that unacceptable interference is not caused to another geostationary satellite operator or user. 4.1 General OU access procedure The following procedure should be considered as a minimum sequence of actions to be taken before any satellite access occurs. With the understanding th
49、at the station is appropriately licensed or authorized to operate in the country where it has been deployed, the first step in the procedure involves making sure the transmission parameters are correct. There are some frequency ranges that are restricted to specific geographic locations. The satellite operators are very aware of any restrictions imposed on shared frequency transmissions. Therefore, all transmission parameters should already be verified by the satellite access centre prior to transmitting. 4.1.1 Understand the parameters of the transmission
