1、 Recommendation ITU-R S.2062-0 (09/2014) Carrier identification system for digital-modulation transmissions of fixed-satellite service occasional use carrier earth station transmissions using geostationary-satellite networks in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands S Series Fixed-satellite servi
2、ce ii Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on
3、the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R polic
4、y on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines f
5、or Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and p
6、lay-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications
7、and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English unde
8、r the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.2062-0 Carrier identification syst
9、em for digital-modulation transmissions of fixed-satellite service occasional use carrier earth station transmissions using geostationary-satellite networks in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands (Question ITU-R 271/4) (2014) Scope This Recommendation provides possible methods about a carrier
10、identification system for digital-modulations of fixed-satellite service (FSS) Occasional use (OU) carrier earth station transmissions from a fixed point to GSO space stations in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands to facilitate the identification of the source of, and eliminate, unacceptable
11、interference. Keywords Carrier-ID; occasional use; FSS. Abbreviations/Glossary ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange BCH Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem code BPSK Binary phase shift keying Carrier-ID Carrier identification system CRC Cyclic redundancy check FEC Forward error corr
12、ection IRD Integrated receiver/decoder MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group NIT Network information table OU Occasional use PID Packet identifier PSD Power spectral density STB Set top box TDMA Time division multiple access TS Transport stream 2 Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 Related ITU Recommendation Recommendat
13、ion ITU-R S.2049 Access procedures for fixed-satellite service occasional use, transmissions to geostationary-satellite orbit space stations, in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 GHz FSS bands The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that occasional use (OU) transmissions in the 4/6 GHz and 11-
14、12/13/14 GHz FSS bands often require changes in earth station antenna pointing, frequency, power level, polarization sense, carrier bandwidth and modulation technique; b) that the wide use of OU transmitting earth stations, and their recurring changes in link parameters, has resulted in frequent cas
15、es of unintentional interference to other satellite users; c) that this interference is most frequently caused by operator error and/or equipment failure; d) that interference may inhibit the reception of time-sensitive information; e) that it is difficult to precisely identify the source of such in
16、terference; f) that there has been no internationally-recognized technical method for identifying the source of such interference; g) that technologies exist which will permit the identification of interference sources in a short period of time; h) that the ability to rapidly identify the source is
17、essential to cease unacceptable interference, recommends 1 that OU FSS earth station transmissions in the bands listed in considering a) could use a carrier identification system (Carrier-ID) to allow the timely detection of interference sources and to cease unacceptable interference; 2 that the car
18、rier identification implementation described in Annex 1 should be considered in the implementation of recommends 1. Annex 1 Methods to identify interference from fixed-satellite service occasional use earth station transmissions using geostationary-satellite networks in the 4/6 GHz and 11-12/13/14 G
19、Hz FSS bands 1 Introduction In general, when interference is observed at a service providers earth station, the provider tries to investigate the causes of interference by utilizing a spectrum analyser or similar measurement tools at each monitoring point for a certain period. Once the service provi
20、der finds a suspicious carrier, it consults with its satellite operator to assist with rectifying the problem. If the satellite operator cannot identify the possible source of interference, the resulting long-term interference may Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 3 adversely affect existing services. Therefore,
21、a carrier identification system (Carrier-ID) would be beneficial in sparing existing services from long-term interference. It is noted that Occasional use (OU) refers to satellite ground facilities and satellite transponder bandwidth, purchased or utilized on a temporary or as-needed basis. Typicall
22、y these resources are offered in segments starting at 5 minutes, progressing up to multiple hours, days, weeks or even months, and used for non-fulltime and/or short-duration transmissions. Transmissions within a GSO FSS network where earth stations are under the automated control of a central stati
23、on, such as transmissions within a centrally-managed VSAT network, are not considered OU transmissions for the purposes of this Recommendation. 2 Overview of carrier identifier (Carrier-ID) There are two methods of transmitting a Carrier-ID with the original carrier while having minimal impact on th
24、e desired data. Possible methods are as follows. 2.1 Method A: Network Information Table (NIT) Carrier-ID insert the Carrier-ID as a Network Information Table (NIT) frame in the original Transport stream (TS) packets of the MPEG Stream. TS packets of MPEG streams consist of a 4 bytes header and 184
25、bytes payload, and in the header, there is a Packet identifier (PID) which indicates the contents in the payload of TS packets defined as in Fig. 1. This PID value needs to be set as 0x0010 to indicate a payload of a TS packet as a NIT. With regard to the NIT itself, the DVB specification allows thi
26、s table to be retransmitted between 25 ms and 10 s. FIGURE 1 Frame structure of TS packets S. 6220 - 0 1H e a d e r H e a d e rP a y l o a d P a y l o a dS y n cb y t eT r a n s p o r te r r o ri n d i c a t o rT r a n s p o r tp r i o r i t y P I DC o n t i n u i t yc o u n t e rA d a p t a t i o n
27、f i e l dP a y l o a du n i t s t a r ti n d i c a t o rT r a n s p o r ts c r a m b l i n gc o n t r o lA d a p t a t i o nf i e l dc o n t r o lT r a n s p o r ts t r e a mp a c k e t s1 8 8 b y t e sIn the payload of TS packets, the NIT contains the manufacturers name and the unique unit serial n
28、umber to provide unique identifier for traceability. In addition to that, any other optional data such as phone number, location information, etc. shown in Table 1, could be included in the payload of TS packets depending on the requests from the satellite operators. These strings are fixed length,
29、and shall be separated by a comma ,. If there are padding characters in each of strings, an underscore “_” will be used to make complete the string. With these rules, total character counts for Carrier ID in the NIT frame shall be 80. When the TS packets containing NIT are suffering from interferenc
30、e or if the TS packets are encrypted, the NIT is unable to be read by a decoder. Some manufacturers of encoders enable NIT Carrier-ID in equipment already available or through a firmware update. 4 Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 TABLE 1 An example content ID and content information Carrier identifier format 2 c
31、haracter string numeric only Encoder manufacturer 5 character string Encoder serial number 12 character string Carrier identifier 5 character string Telephone number 17 character string numeric only Longitude 17 character string numeric only Latitude 8 character string User information 15 character
32、string 2.2 Method B: Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID Carrier-ID with specific carrier information is embedded within a low rate spread spectrum carrier which is sent overlaying the original carrier without adding appreciable noise to the original carrier. By contrast to the NIT method, in the Spread Spec
33、trum method, the Carrier-ID information is more likely to be successfully extracted even in the presence of severe interference. Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID is available on existing modulators from some manufactures and is available as a firmware update on a few not-too-old modulators. Modulators wit
34、h Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID are marked with a DVB-CID symbol. An external Carrier-ID encoder can also be purchased to add Carrier-ID to existing modulated carriers. Dedicated equipment is needed to detect and decode the Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID on the receiving side. Figure 2 shows an example Car
35、rier-ID spread block diagram. After the Format Message is set completely, this message is encoded by the CRC encoder, and also encoded by the BCH FEC encoder, and then a Carrier-ID frame is constructed with adding the unique word bits. This Carrier-ID will be scrambled and spread using the 4 096 chi
36、ps/bit afterword. FIGURE 2 An example Carrier-ID spread block diagram S. 62 220 -0Scr am b l eD i ff ere n t i alen co d erA d d U W(2 2 b i t s )an d rep eat4 t i m es(4 * 2 4 4 b i t s )M es s ag efr am eb u ff erA d dCRC8(2 * 6 9 b i t s )B C H FE Cen co d e(2 * 1 1 1 b i t s )Fo rm atm es s ag e
37、(2 * 6 1 b i t s )Sp rea d b y4 0 9 6Following this Carrier-ID spread block diagram, the Carrier-ID Frame is spread as indicated in Fig. 3. At first, a Format Message is created by operators via the front panel or remote user interface, and this message includes a “Global Unique ID_High and Low” ide
38、ntifier, Content ID Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 5 and Content Information. As for Global Unique IDs, Global Unique ID_High indicates Manufacture ID, and Global Unique ID_Low indicates Extended ID. FIGURE 3 An example scheme of the Carrier-ID frame S. 62 320 -0U ni qu ew or d22 bi t sG l ob a lun i qu eI D h
39、i gh32 bi t sC on t e nt I D 15 b i t sC on t e nti nf o124 bi t sCRC18 b i t sF E Ce nc od e 142 bi t sG l ob a lun i qu eI D l ow32 bi t sC on t e nt I D 25 b i t sC on t e nti nf o224 bi t sCRC28 b i t sF E Ce nc od e 242 bi t s9 7 6 b i t s * 4 0 9 6 ch i p s9 7 6 b i t sSp read b y 4 0 9 6 ch i
40、 p sD i ffere n t i al en co d i n gMes s ag efram eb u ffer2 4 4 b i t s 2 4 4 b i t s 2 4 4 b i t s 2 4 4 b i t sF or m a t m e s s a ge 61 bi t s F or m a t m e s s a ge 61 bi t sA dd C R C 69 bi t s A dd C R C 69 bi t sB C H F E C e nc od e 1 1 1 b i t sB C H F E C e nc od e 1 1 1 b i t sA dd U
41、W 24 4 b i t sTable 2 shows example Content ID and Content information which help to identify the location of the carrier source. Operators should enter the information of the source into each of information field, as required by their satellite operator. TABLE 2 Example content ID and content infor
42、mation Content ID Information field content 0 Carrier ID revision code 1 Latitude 2 Longitude 3-5 Telephone No. 6-12 User Data (Message by ASCII code) 13-31 Undefined After spreading, each chip of the sequence of the Carrier-ID frame shall be mapped into a BPSK constellation to generate a modulation
43、 symbol. This BPSK mapping signal shall be transmitted with lower power spectral density (PSD) than the noise floor of the original carrier by adjusting the transmitting gain not to affect the throughput over the satellite. Therefore, Table 3 and Fig. 4 show the example definition of the relative po
44、wer spectral density against the original carrier in detail. 6 Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 TABLE 3 Example relative power spectral density levels for the original carrier Carrier-IDs chip rate (kHz) Host carrier symbol rates (S) range (kBaud) Original carrier PSD level relative to host carrier centre PSD (d
45、B) 112 128 S 256 27.5 112 256 S 512 27.5 224 512 S 1024 27.5 224 1 024 S 2 048 27.5 224 2 048 S 4 096 24.5 224 4 096 S 8 192 21.5 224 8 192 S 16 384 18.5 224 16 384 S 17.5 FIGURE 4 Original carrier PSD level relative to host carrier centre PSD S. 62 420 -0C e nt e r f r e qu e nc yCh i p rat e 1 1 2
46、 -2 2 4 k H zN o i s efl o o rSp read s p ect ru mcarri er-IDO ri g i n al carri erT y p i cal l y -2 7 . 5 d B2.3 Comparative specifications between NIT Carrier-ID and Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID Table 4 shows the comparative specification between NIT Carrier-ID and Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID system
47、s with advantages and disadvantages of each system. Rec. ITU-R S.2062-0 7 TABLE 4 Comparative specifications NIT Carrier-ID Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID Transponder and Carrier Compatibility Requires MPEG-TS (Video) Broadcast Contribution Broadcast Distribution Agnostic to traffic carrier or transport
48、 mechanism Video and Data transport focused Changes to original carrier Yes (add NIT table) No (spread spectrum carrier is overlay to the original carrier) Robustness Low (Carrier-ID not recoverable if the original carrier is down) Higher (Carrier-ID can be decoded even if the original carrier is do
49、wn) Injection point Modulator or Encoder Modulator Carrier ID decode speed Under 10 seconds 15 seconds to over 1 minute* Ease of deployment Modulator: Software upgrade only Decoder: existing IRD and STB Modulator: DVB-CID Compliant Modulators or additional dedicated equipment Decoder: additional dedicated equipment * Decoding speed of the Spread Spectrum Carrier-ID depends on the relative power of the interfering carrier and the desired carrier, the accuracy of the estimate of the symbol rate of the interfering carrier, and the accuracy of the estimat
