1、ITU-R RECMN*IS* SERIES 95 4855232 0526936 883 6 Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R IS.1009-1 COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE SOUND-BROADCASTING SERVICE IN THE BAND OF ABOUT 87-108 MHz AND THE AERONAUTICAL SERVICES IN THE BAND 108-137 MHz (Question ITU-R 1/12) (1993-1995) The ITU Radiocommunication
2、Assembly, considering a) that, in order to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization, there is a need to refine the criteria used when assessing compatibility between the sound-broadcasting service in the band of about 87- 108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band 108-137 MHz; b) with a
3、 large broadcasting assignment plan; c) that there is a need for a detailed, case-by-case compatibility analysis method to investigate potential incompatibility cases identified by a large scale analysis or for individual assessment of proposed broadcasting or aeronautical assignments; d) that there
4、 is a need for a compatibility analysis method for identifying potential incompatibilities associated that there is a need to continue the refinement of the compatibility criteria and assessment methods, recognizing that coordination has been effected since 1984 by other criteria andlor methods, rec
5、ommends 1 2 broadcasting assignment plan; 3 that the techniques in Annex 3 be used for detailed, case-by-case compatibility calculations concerning potential interference cases identified by the method given in Annex 2 or concerning individual assessment of proposed assignments to broadcasting or ae
6、ronautical stations; 4 additionally, that results of practical verification of predicted compatibility situations as well as other relevant information may be used for coordination and to effect further refinement of the compatibility criteria, assessment method and techniques given in Annexes 1,2 a
7、nd 3 respectively. Nute from the Director - A list of selected documents that may be useful in studies of compatibility between the aeronautical radionavigation and radiocommunication services and the sound-broadcasting service is given below: 1 ITU conference documents that the criteria given in An
8、nex 1 be used for compatibility calculations; that the method given in Annex 2 be used for predicting potential incompatibilities associated with a large Regional Administrative Conference for FM Sound Broadcasting in the VHF Band (Region 1 and Certain Countries Concerned in Region 3). First Session
9、 (Geneva 1982): Report to the Second Session of the Conference (Geneva, 1982). Final Acts of the Regional Administrative Conference for the Planning of VHF Sound Broadcasting (Region 1 and Part of Region 3) (Geneva, 1984). 2 Ex-CCIR documents (Dsseldorf, 1990) Report 929-2-Compatibility between the
10、broadcasting service in the band of about 87-108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band of 108-137 MHz. Report 1198 - Compatibility between the broadcasting service in the band 87.5-108 MHz and aeronautical services in the band 108-137 MHz. Report 927-2 - General considerations relative to ha
11、rmful interference from the viewpoint of the aeronautical mobile services and the aeronautical radionavigation service. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*IS. SERIES 95 = 4855232 052b937 718 Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-
12、1 7 NOTE 1 - Reports 929-2 and 1198 represent the culmination of work from: - Interim Working Party 8/12 (Annapolis, 1983) - Interim Working Party 10/8 (Paris, 1983) - Joint Interim Working Party 8-1011, First Meeting (Geneva, 1984) - Joint Interim Working Party 8-10/1, Second Meeting (Rio de Janeir
13、o, 1987) - Joint Interim Working Party 8-1011, Third Meeting (Helsinki, 1988) and are contained in the following publication of the ex-CCIR (Dsseldorf, 1990): - Compatibility between the broadcasting service in the band of about 87-108 MHz and aeronautical services in the band 108-137 MHz. 3 Interna
14、tional Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents ICAO, 19851 International standards, recommended practices and procedures for air navigation services: aeronautical telecommunications. Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Vol. I. International Civil Aviation Organization, M
15、ontreal, Canada. ICAO, 19921 Handbook for evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between ILS and FM broadcasting stations using flight tests. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada. 4 Other documents AUGSTMAN, E. and VOWLES, S. 19861 Frequency response characteristics
16、 of aircraft VORAocalizer antennas in the band 88-1 18 MHz. TP-7942E, Transport Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. DONG, J.G. and SAWTELLE, E.M. 19771 Interference in communications and navigation avionics from commercial FM stations. FAA Report No. RD-78-35. Federal Aviation Administration, Washingto
17、n, DC, USA, FAA, 19921 Users manual and technical reference for the airspace analysis mathematical model. Version 4.1. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA. HARDING, S.J. 19891 Aeronautical receiver immunity to high level signals from FM broadcast transmitters, CAA Paper 89012. Civil
18、 Aviation Authority, London, UK. HUNT, K., DOEVEN, J. and FINNIE, J. September, 19931 LEGBAC: Church House to Malaga via Aviemore. Telecomm. J., Vol. 60, NO. IX. RTCA, 19811 FM broadcast interference related to airborne ILS, VOR and VHF communications. Document No. RTCA/DO- 176. Radio Technical Comm
19、ission for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA. RTCA, 19851 Minimum operational performance standards for airborne radio communications receiving equipment operating within the radio frequency range of 1 17.975-1 37.000 MHz. Document No. RTCA/DO- 186. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Washing
20、ton, DC, USA, RTCA, 1986al Minimum operational performance standards for airborne ILS localizer receiving equipment operating within the radio frequency range of 108-1 12 MHz. Document No. RTCA/DO-195. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA. RTCA, 1986bl Minimum operational
21、performance standards for airborne VOR receiving equipment operating within the frequency range of 108-1 17.95 MHz. Document No. RTCA/DO-196. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Informati
22、on Handling Services8 - ITU-R RECMNmIS. SERIES 75 D 4855212 052b738 654 = Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-1 ANNEX 1 Interference mechanisms, system parameters and compatibility assessment criteria CONTENTS Page 1 Background and introduction 8 2 Types of interference mechanisms 8 . . . 3 Compatibility assessment
23、parameters 9 . 4 Compatibility assessment criteria 14 Appendix 1 - ILS 1ocalizerNOR coverage and minimum field strengths (Extracted from ICAO Annex 10) . 21 1 Background and introduction Frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting service* interference to instrument landing system (ILS) localizer, VHF om
24、nidirectional radio range (VOR) and VHF communications (COM) equipment* is a widely recognized problem among users of aviation facilities. In aidground communication receivers, this interference problem ranges from distracting background audio to distorted and garbled reception of air traffic contro
25、l signals. In airborne ILS localizer and VOR receivers, the interference problem ranges from distracting background audio to errors in course deviation and flag operation. The interference to these navigation receivers is thought to be the more serious problem, as an error in course deviation, espec
26、ially during the critical approach and landing phase, is not as readily evident to the pilot as the disruption of communications. Interference to aircraft receivers varies with the make and model of the navigation and communication receiver. There is an increasing probability of harmful interference
27、 due to the growing need for additional aeronautical and broadcasting frequency assignments. This Annex describes: - interference mechanisms; - - - - system parameters of the aeronautical radionavigation and radiocommunication systems affected; system parameters of the FM broadcasting stations; comp
28、atibility assessment criteria for Montreal receivers (see definitions in Annex 4); compatibility assessment criteria for ICAO, Annex 10, 1998 receivers derived from the measurement procedures of Recommendation ITU-R IS. 1140. 2 Types of interference mechanisms In general, from an ILS localizer and V
29、OR receiver point of view, Fh4 broadcasting transmission modulation can be regarded as noise. However, the frequencies 90 Hz and 150 Hz are specific, vulnerable frequencies for ILS localizer, and the frequencies 30 Hz and 9960 Hz are specific, vulnerable frequencies for VOR because these frequencies
30、 provide critical guidance for the systems concerned and are therefore sensitive to interference. Notes from the Director: * For a description of the characteristics of FM broadcasting stations, attention is drawn to Report IT-R BS.1198. For a description of the ILS localizer, VOR and VHF communicat
31、ions systems, attention is drawn to Report ITU-R M.927. * COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*IS. SERIES 95 4855232 0526939 590 m Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-1 9 2.1 Type A interference 2.1.1 Introduction Type A interfer
32、ence is caused by unwanted emissions into the aeronautical band from one or more broadcasting transmitters. 2.1.2 Type Al interference A single transmitter may generate spurious emissions or several broadcasting transmitters may intermodulate to produce components in the aeronautical frequency bands
33、; this is termed Type Al interference. 2.1.3 Type A2 interference A broadcasting signal may include non-negligible components in the aeronautical bands; this interference mechanism, which is termed Type A2 interference, will in practice arise only from broadcasting transmitters having frequencies ne
34、ar 108 MHz and will only interfere with ILS 1ocalizerNOR services with frequencies near 108 MHz. 2.2 Type B interference 2.2.1 Introduction Type B interference is that generated in an aeronautical receiver resulting from broadcasting transmissions on frequencies outside the aeronautical band. 2.2.2
35、Type B1 interference Intermoduiation may be generated in an aeronautical receiver as a result of the receiver being driven into non-linearity by broadcasting signals outside the aeronautical band; this is termed Type BI interference. In order for this type of interference to occur, at least two broa
36、dcasting signals need to be present and they must have a frequency relationship which, in a non-linear process, can produce an intermodulation product within the wanted RF channel in use by the aeronautical receiver. One of the broadcasting signals must be of sufficient amplitude to drive the receiv
37、er into regions of non-linearity but interference may then be produced even though the other signal(s) may be of significantly lower amplitude. Only third-order intermodulation products are considered; they take the form of hniermod = 2fl - f2 fintermod = fi -k f2 - f3 two-signai case or three-signa
38、l case where: finiermd : fl,fz,f3 : intermodulation product frequency (MHz). broadcasting frequencies (MHz) with fi 2 fi f3. 2.2.3 Type B2 interference Desensitization may occur when the RF section of an aeronautical receiver is subjected to overload by one or more broadcasting transmissions; this i
39、s termed Type B2 interference. 3 Compatibility assessment parameters 3.1 Introduction This section identifies the parameters of ILS localizer, VOR and CO,., aeronautical transmitters and receivers relevant for a compatibility assessment. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU Radiocomm
40、unicationsLicensed by Information Handling Services10 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.1 .i ITU-R RECMN*IS- SERIES 75 4855232 0526740 202 Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-1 Characteristics of aeronautical systems ILS localizer Designated operational coverage (see Note 1) Figure 1 illustrates a typical designated operational coverag
41、e (DOC) for an LS localizer front course based on ICA0 Annex 10 (see Note 1). The DOC may also have back course coverage. Some administrations also use the ILS localizer as an auxiliary approach guidance system and the DOC may not be aligned with a runway. NOTE 1 - See definitions in Annex 4. FIGURE
42、 1 Typical ILS localizer front course DOC ILS localizer antenna 150 Hz predominates Front course line and extended h i I mnwav centre line ILS localizer Antenna system - Runway threshold Runway 46.3 km (25 NM) I 15.5 km (8.4 NM) -I / -I s.7kmI- (4.7 NM) I Runway touchdown point nates DDM = 0.155 DDM
43、 = O DDM = O. 155 A 11900m , (6 250 ft) I Note 1 - Au elevations shown are with respect to ILS lochr site elevation. Note 2 - Not drawn to scale. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU RadiocommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesITU-R RECMN*IS* SERIES 95 9 4855232 052b9
44、43 149 Rec. ITU-R IS.1009-1 11 3.2.1.2 Field strength The minimum field strength to be protected throughout the ILS localizer front course DOC (see 9 3.1.3.3 of Appendix 1) is 32 dB(pV/m) (40 vV/m). If service is provided in the ILS localizer back course coverage, the field strength to be protected
45、is also 32 dB(pV/m). In certain areas of the ILS localizer DOC, ICAO Annex 10 (see Note 1) requires a higher field strength to be provided in order to increase the received signal-to-noise ratio, thereby increasing system integrity. This is the case within the ILS localizer front course sector (see
46、Note 2) from a range of 18.5 km (10 NM) up to runway touchdown point (see Note 2) where signals of 39-46 dB(pV/m) are required depending upon the Facility Performance Category (I, II, III) of the ILS involved (see 0 3.1.3.3 of Appendix 1). NOTE 1 - The relevant part of ICAO Annex 10 is reproduced in
47、 Appendix 1. NOTE 2 - See definitions in Annex 4. 3.2.1.3 Frequencies ILS localizer frequencies lie in the band 108-112 MHz. The 40 available channels occur as follows: 108.10, 108.15, 108.30, 108.35MHzetc. to 111.70, 111.75, 111.90and 111.95MHz. 3.2.1.4 Polarization The ILS localizer signal is hori
48、zontally polarized. 3.2.2 VOR 3.2.2.1 Designated operational coverage The DOC of a VOR can vary from one installation to another; for example, a terminai VOR may have a 74 km (40 NM) radius, and an enroute VOR may have a 370 km (200 NM) radius. Details can be obtained from the appropriate national A
49、eronautical Information Publication (see definitions in Annex 4) (AIP). 3.2.2.2 Field strength The minimum field strength to be protected throughout the DOC (see 0 3.3.4.2 of Appendix 1) is 39 dB(pV/m) (90 pV/m). The nominal values of the effective radiated power, e.r.p., to achieve this field strength are given in Fig. 2. 3.2.2.3 Frequencies In the band 108-1 12 MHz, VOR frequencies are located between ILS localizer frequencies and occur as follows: 108.05, 108.20, 108.25, 108.40, 108.45 MHz etc. to 111.60, 11 1.65, 11 1.80 and 111.85 MHz. VOR frequencies occupy c
