1、 Rec. ITU-R SM.1756 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1756 Framework for the introduction of devices using ultra-wideband technology (Question ITU-R 226/1) (2006) Scope This Recommendation is offering a framework for the introduction of devices using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology together with guiding pri
2、nciples for administrations. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that intentional transmissions from devices using (UWB) technology may extend over a very large frequency range; b) that devices using UWB technology are being developed with transmissions that span numerous radiocommun
3、ication service allocations; c) that devices using UWB technology may therefore impact, simultaneously, many systems operating within a number of radiocommunication services, including those which are used internationally; d) that UWB technology may be integrated into many wireless applications such
4、 as short-range indoor and outdoor communications, radar imaging, medical imaging, asset tracking, surveillance, vehicular radar and intelligent transportation; e) that it may be difficult to distinguish UWB transmissions from emissions or radiations in equipment that also contains other technologie
5、s, where different limits may apply; f) that applications using UWB technology may benefit sectors such as public protection, construction, engineering, science, medical, consumer applications, information technology, multimedia entertainment and transportation; g) that devices using UWB technology
6、for certain applications may result in their high-density deployment in some environments where stations of radiocommunication services have already been or will be deployed; h) that the impact of a specific UWB application on a radiocommunication service will vary according to the characteristics a
7、nd the protection requirements of that service and the characteristics of the specific type of UWB application; j) that the limits for unwanted emissions associated with radiocommunication services cannot be applied to devices using UWB technology; k) that UWB technology will be incorporated in mobi
8、le and/or portable devices that are expected to cross national boundaries; l) that if devices using UWB technology in certain applications are not individually licensed, administrations may be unable to limit the density of deployment of those devices; 2 Rec. ITU-R SM.1756 m) that it may not be prac
9、tical to individually license devices using UWB technology which are expected to be of a ubiquitous nature; n) that applications using UWB technology that are not presently recognized as operating under allocations to radiocommunication services would operate on a non-protected, non-interference bas
10、is, recognizing a) Nos. 1, 37 and 199 of the Constitution of the ITU; b) Nos. 0.4, 1.59, 1.61, 1.138, 1.166, 1.167, 1.168, 1.169, 3.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.10, 4.22, 5.223, 5.260, 5.267, 5.3401, 13.15, 13.14, relevant parts of Article 15, and Appendices 13 and 15 of the Radio Regulations (RR); c) that passiv
11、e services Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS), radio astronomy service (RAS) and space research service (SRS) measure natural radiation at very low levels; d) that, in accordance with Resolution 952 (WRC-03), devices using UWB technology are not considered by ITU-R as ISM applications under
12、RR No. 1.15, noting 1 that the following ITU-R Recommendations can be used as a guide by administrations when considering the introduction of devices using UWB technology: Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755 which deals with characteristics of UWB technology; Recommendation ITU-R SM.1754 which deals with m
13、easurement techniques of UWB transmissions; 15.340 All emissions are prohibited in the following bands: 1 400-1 427 MHz, 2 690-2 700 MHz, except those provided for by No. 5.422, 10.68-10.7 GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.483, 15.35-15.4 GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.511, 23.6-24 GH
14、z, 31.3-31.5 GHz, 31.5-31.8 GHz, in Region 2, 48.94-49.04 GHz, from airborne stations 50.2-50.4 GHz2, 52.6-54.25 GHz, 86-92 GHz, 100-102 GHz, 109.5-111.8 GHz, 114.25-116 GHz, 148.5-151.5 GHz, 164-167 GHz, 182-185 GHz, 190-191.8 GHz, 200-209 GHz, 226-231.5 GHz, 250-252 GHz. (WRC-03) 25.340.1 The allo
15、cation to the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and the space research service (passive) in the band 50.2-50.4 GHz should not impose undue constraints on the use of the adjacent bands by the primary allocated services in those bands. (WRC-97) Rec. ITU-R SM.1756 3 Recommendation ITU-R SM.
16、1757 which deals with the impact of devices using UWB technology on systems operating within radiocommunication services; 2 that administrations have adopted, or are in the process of adopting, regulations that incorporate emission masks for UWB devices, some of which are shown in Appendices 1 to 3
17、to Annex 1 of this Recommendation; 3 that some limits given in the Appendices to the Annex may not, by themselves, be sufficient to protect radiocommunication services, some limits may not allow UWB applications, while other limits may both protect radiocommunication services and allow UWB applicati
18、ons, recommends 1 that the framework contained in Annex 1 to this Recommendation should be used as a guide by administrations when considering the introduction of devices using UWB technology and their impact on radiocommunication services; 2 that the following Notes will be considered as part of th
19、is Recommendation. NOTE 1 Administrations authorizing or licensing devices using UWB technology should ensure, pursuant to the provisions of the RR, that these devices do not cause interference to and do not claim protection from, or place constraints on, the radiocommunication services of other adm
20、inistrations as defined in the RR and operating in accordance with those Regulations. NOTE 2 Upon receipt of a notice of interference to the radiocommunication services referred to in Note 1, above, from devices using UWB technology, administrations should take immediate action(s) to eliminate such
21、interference. Annex 1 Framework for the introduction of devices using UWB technology 1 Introduction This framework is intended to provide guidance to administrations when considering the introduction of devices using UWB technology. Even though the development and implementation of new technologies
22、are important parts of meeting the changing and growing needs of the public, attention must be given to the impact of these new technologies on the operation of existing and planned stations within radiocommunication services. UWB brings new challenges to administrations. Devices using UWB technolog
23、y typically transmit at low-power and utilize bandwidths that extend over multiple bands allocated to numerous services. Current devices using UWB technology do not belong to any radiocommunication service and they are considered as being short-range devices (SRD) not claiming protection from harmfu
24、l interference. However, on a national basis, licensing of some specific UWB applications may provide protection for them from radiocommunication services operating within their national territory. The susceptibility to interference from devices using UWB technology depends on the operational charac
25、teristics and sensitivity of the victim service, as well as on the spectral characteristics, deployment density, and operational parameters of the devices using UWB technology. The most significant challenge for administrations in the introduction of devices using UWB technology is 4 Rec. ITU-R SM.1
26、756 the protection of radiocommunication services from interference, while at the same time not unnecessarily impeding the development of devices using UWB technology. The widespread deployment of devices using UWB technology could possibly raise the noise floor such that under some circumstances, t
27、he resulting interference to radiocommunication services could reduce the performance of the affected services. For example, an increase of the noise is of particular concern to highly sensitive passive service receivers that measure very low energy levels for purposes such as weather prediction and
28、 scientific research. As the passive services usually have instrumentation that is significantly more sensitive than that used by other radiocommunication services, they may be more vulnerable to interference from UWB transmissions. 2 Guiding principles for administrations relevant to the management
29、 of devices using UWB technology 2.1 Basis for operation of devices using UWB technology The development and implementation of new technologies are important in meeting the changing and growing needs of the public. Devices using UWB technology are expected to operate within radio spectrum that is al
30、located to radiocommunication services. UWB transmissions, whether of a single device or of an aggregate nature, have the potential for interference into radiocommunication services, particularly in the safety and passive services bands. The following principles should be applied by administrations
31、when considering the introduction of devices using UWB technology and their impact on radiocommunication services. Guiding principles for consideration by administrations Administrations have a sovereign right to regulate the use of devices using UWB technology within their territory, provided that
32、such devices do not impact stations of other administrations in accordance with the RR. National UWB regulations should reflect characteristics and appropriate mitigation techniques for devices using UWB technology, and be based on the protection criteria of all services in the affected frequency ba
33、nds. National frameworks for the implementation of devices using UWB technology should take into account the inherent differences found in the various types of UWB applications. Special attention should be given to provide the required protection to safety services. Special attention should be given
34、 to provide the required protection to services operating in the frequency bands listed in RR No. 5.340. Consideration should be given as to how transmissions from devices using UWB technology may affect systems that provide global services. The authorization of devices using UWB technology on a lic
35、ence-exempt or class authorization or general licence regime basis, as the case may be, should include appropriate strong certification procedures or relevant provisions incorporated into national regulations. The impact on the operation of stations of radiocommunication services as a result of the
36、movement and use of devices using UWB technology across national borders should be considered. Relevant ITU-R Recommendations, particularly those indicated in noting 1, should be considered. Rec. ITU-R SM.1756 5 2.2 Impact on radiocommunication services 2.2.1 General Providing protection to all radi
37、ocommunication services from interference caused by devices using UWB technology is essential for the introduction of UWB technology worldwide. Particular attention should be given to the protection of safety and passive services among others, as there may be a direct impact on operating certain UWB
38、 devices with respect to the protection of human life and property. These two categories are considered in the following subsections. 2.2.2 Safety services Civil aviation and maritime systems depend on radio frequencies that can be used worldwide. Safety services, such as some elements of the radion
39、avigation service, the radionavigation-satellite service and MMS, are radiocommunication services used for safeguarding human life and property. The aeronautical-mobile service (route) and the aeronautical mobile-satellite service (route) are reserved for communications related to safety and regular
40、ity of flight. Safety services often operate in the situation where interference can critically affect reception and impair the safety radiocommunications being provided. The necessity for safety systems to meet high levels of integrity, reliability, and availability makes it essential that these sy
41、stems operate in an environment free from interference, due to the critical requirement to protect human life and property. Therefore, special attention should be given to the protection requirements of the safety services. In some cases, it might be difficult to avoid frequency bands allocated to s
42、afety services. In those cases, administrations should consider factors such as the impact on safety service link margins, and consider techniques to preclude interference from devices using UWB technology that malfunction. 2.2.3 Passive services The operations of the RAS, EESS (passive) and SRS (pa
43、ssive) necessarily involve the measurement of naturally-occurring radiations, of very low power levels, which contain essential information on the physical process under investigation. The relevant frequency bands are mainly determined by fixed physical properties (e.g. molecular resonance) that can
44、not be changed. Those properties support scientific activities including weather forecasting, as well as water and climate modelling. These frequency bands are, therefore, an important natural resource. Even low levels of interference received at the input of the passive sensors may have a degrading
45、 effect on passive service band usage. Additionally, in most cases the sensors are unable to discriminate between these natural radiations and man-made radiations. In this respect, RR No. 5.340 enables the passive services to deploy and operate their systems. As an example, the EESS (passive) monito
46、rs the Earth and its atmosphere worldwide. Corrupted measurements from one or more areas may affect the ability to make reliable weather forecasts for the entire world, which may have significant economic and public safety impact. Therefore, special attention should be given to the protection requir
47、ements of the passive services. 2.3 Consideration of different types of applications using UWB technology UWB technology can be integrated into many applications. Some examples of UWB applications and their characteristics are given below. 2.3.1 Imaging applications Due to the limited demand for the
48、se applications, it may be appropriate that imaging devices using UWB technology be licensed on an individual basis, or otherwise controlled or restricted in some manner. In the case of ground-penetrating radar and in-wall radar imaging devices, use could be 6 Rec. ITU-R SM.1756 restricted to law en
49、forcement professionals, fire and rescue organizations, scientific research institutions, commercial mining companies and construction companies. In the case of through-wall imaging devices, use could be restricted to law enforcement and fire and rescue organizations. In the case of medical imaging devices, use could be restricted to under the direction or supervision of a licensed healthcare practitioner. In the case of surveillance devices, use could be restricted to law enforcement, fire and rescue organizations, public utilities and industrial utilities. Consi
