1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T D.140TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2002) SERIES D: GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES General tariff principles Charging and accounting in the international telephone service Accounting rate principles for the international telephone service
2、ITU-T Recommendation D.140 ITU-T D-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS D.0 GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES Private leased telecommunication facilities D.1D.9 Tariff principles applying to data communication services over dedicated public data networks D.10D.39 Charging a
3、nd accounting in the international public telegram service D.40D.44 Charging and accounting in the international telemessage service D.45D.49 Principles applicable to GII-Internet D.50D.59 Charging and accounting in the international telex service D.60D.69 Charging and accounting in the internationa
4、l facsimile service D.70D.75 Charging and accounting in the international videotex service D.76D.79 Charging and accounting in the international phototelegraph service D.80D.89 Charging and accounting in the mobile services D.90D.99 Charging and accounting in the international telephone service D.10
5、0D.159 Drawing up and exchange of international telephone and telex accounts D.160D.179 International sound- and television-programme transmissions D.180D.184 Charging and accounting for international satellite services D.185D.189 Transmission of monthly international accounting information D.190D.1
6、91 Service and privilege telecommunications D.192D.195 Settlement of international telecommunication balances of accounts D.196D.209 Charging and accounting principles for international telecommunication services provided over the ISDN D.210D.279 Charging and accounting principles for universal pers
7、onal telecommunication D.280D.284 Charging and accounting principles for intelligent network supported services D.285D.299 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGIONAL APPLICATION Recommendations applicable in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin D.300D.399 Recommendations applicable in Latin America D.400D.499 Recom
8、mendations applicable in Asia and Oceania D.500D.599 Recommendations applicable to the African Region D.600D.699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) i ITU-T Recommendation D.140 Accounting rate principles for the international telephone
9、service Source ITU-T Recommendation D.140 was revised by ITU-T Study Group 3 (2001-2004) and approved under the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 14 June 2002. ii ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
10、 telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World T
11、elecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In som
12、e areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognize
13、d operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intelle
14、ctual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. H
15、owever, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU
16、. ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) iii CONTENTS Page Annex A Guidelines for the cost elements to be taken into account when determining accounting rates and accounting rate shares for the international telephone service 2 A.1 Network elements. 2 A.1.1 International transmission facilities 3 A.1.2 Internat
17、ional switching facilities 3 A.1.3 National extension 3 A.2 Related costs. 3 A.2.1 Direct costs . 3 A.2.2 Indirect or common costs . 3 A.3 Other related costs 3 Annex B Guidelines regarding the provision of information relating to accounting rates for the international automatic telephone service. 4
18、 B.4 Example format for the presentation of requested information (non normative). 4 B.5 Global accounting rate percentage movement (non normative). 5 Annex C Guidelines for bilateral negotiation of accounting rates and accounting rate shares in the international telephone service 5 C.1 Introduction
19、 5 C.2 General guidelines 6 C.3 Approaches. 6 C.3.1 Approach 1 . 6 C.3.2 Approach 2 . 7 C.3.3 Approach 3 . 7 Annex D Transitional arrangements to cost-orientated mechanisms 7 Annex E Guidelines for bilateral negotiations of transitional arrangements towards cost-orientation, 1999 to 2001 8 E.1 Intro
20、duction 8 E.2 General . 8 E.3 Indicative target rates for direct relations. 9 E.4 Indicative target rate for indirect relations (transit shares)7. 10 E.5 Transition period 10 E.6 Universal Service Obligations 11 Annex F Principles to be applied by Administrations in developing and using a cost model
21、 12 F.1 Introduction 12 F.2 Principle of open availability of information . 12 F.3 Principle of practicability . 12 iv ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) Page F.4 Principle of causality 12 F.5 ciple of contribution to common cost. 12 F.6 Principle of economic provisioning 12 Appendix I Groups of countries/t
22、erritories . 13 ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) 1 ITU-T Recommendation D.140 Accounting rate principles for the international telephone service The ITU-T, bearing in mind a) that the International Telecommunication Regulations indicate that Administrations shall by mutual agreement establish and revise a
23、ccounting rates to be applied between them, taking into account the Recommendations of the ITU-T and trends in the cost of providing the telecommunication services; b) that the costs incurred in providing telecommunication services, although based on the same components, may have a different impact
24、depending on the countrys development status which, in turn, may affect the quality of international services; c) that one of the purposes of the ITU is to foster collaboration among its Members with a view to the establishment of rates at levels as low as possible consistent with an efficient servi
25、ce, considering a) that Administrations should endeavour to lower the provisioning costs of international telephone services; b) that Administrations should strive to offer customers high quality international telephone services at the lowest possible prices; c) that too great a dissymmetry between
26、the charges applicable in each direction of the same relation may contribute to the distortion of the balance of traffic and encourage the retention of high accounting rates; d) that the remuneration for the use of telecommunication facilities made available to Administrations should cover the costs
27、 incurred in providing those facilities, such as: network costs; financial costs; overheads; e) that costs depend on many factors which vary by country; f) that international telephone networks should be used in an efficient way; g) that demand for international telephone services should be stimulat
28、ed; h) that some accounting rates have not kept pace with the recent cost trends and are therefore too high; i) that accounting rates that are not cost-orientated may encourage inefficient routings; j) that the existing accounting procedures contained in the D-series Recommendations continue to prov
29、ide Administrations with efficient and flexible processes, recommends that the following principles be applied when establishing or revising accounting rates for international telephone services: 1 accounting rates for international telephone services should be cost-orientated and should take into a
30、ccount relevant cost trends; 2 ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) 2 each Administration should apply the above principle to all relations on a non-discriminatory basis; 3 Administrations should seek to achieve cost-orientated accounting rates in an expeditious manner, recognizing that this may need to be im
31、plemented on a scheduled basis where the level of reduction required is significant. In the event of scheduling, Administrations should aim to agree staged reductions over a period normally of one to five years. However, the actual length of the period of implementation may depend on the extent of r
32、eductions agreed and/or the difference in the development of the countries concerned, further recommends 4 that Administrations should periodically review accounting rates to ensure that they continue to reflect current cost trends; 5 that information relative to accounting rates for the internation
33、al automatic telephone service should be made available on a voluntary basis to the Director of TSB in an aggregated format, in accordance with the guidelines set out in Annex B, to assist ITU-T studies into accounting rate movements. Annex A contains guidelines for the cost elements to be taken int
34、o account when determining international telephone accounting rates. Annex B contains guidelines concerning the provision of information relating to accounting rates for the international automatic telephone service. Annex C contains guidelines for bilateral negotiation of accounting rates in the in
35、ternational telephone service. Annex A Guidelines for the cost elements to be taken into account when determining accounting rates and accounting rate shares for the international telephone service Introduction These guidelines identify the main cost elements to be used when establishing or revising
36、 cost-orientated accounting rates and accounting rate shares for the international telephone service. A.1 Network elements The network elements used to provide the international telephone services are generally classified as follows: international transmission facilities; international switching fac
37、ilities; national extension. ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) 3 A.1.1 International transmission facilities The international transmission facilities consist of international terrestrial transmission or international submarine cables, or international satellite transmission or a combination of these. Thes
38、e facilities include links between earth stations or cable landing stations and the international switching facilities. A.1.2 International switching facilities These facilities consist of international switching centres and their associated transmission and signalling equipment. A.1.3 National exte
39、nsion The national extension, used for international telephone traffic, consists of national exchanges, national transmission facilities and, if appropriate and identified under a bilateral or multilateral agreement, the local loop. A.2 Related costs The related costs are those identified in accorda
40、nce with generally accepted accounting practices and are divided into: direct costs; indirect or common costs. A.2.1 Direct costs These are: investment costs, i.e. depreciation, interest expenses on loans and a reasonable return on equity; operation and maintenance costs; rental and lease costs of t
41、elecommunications facilities including direct transit leasing costs where applicable; switched transit costs where applicable; cost of access to national or local networks, if applicable; directly attributable research and development costs. A.2.2 Indirect or common costs These costs cannot be solel
42、y attributed to the international telephone service and thus must be allocated. They may be related to: general administration (e.g. head office expenses, overheads, training, etc.); management systems (e.g. accounting systems); other research and development; appropriate taxes (or equivalent). A.3
43、Other related costs Other costs may qualify for inclusion by bilateral agreement. 4 ITU-T Rec. D.140 (06/2002) Annex B Guidelines regarding the provision of information relating to accounting rates for the international automatic telephone service B.1 Information relating to accounting rates for the
44、 international automatic telephone accounting rates will be requested from Administrations by means of a circular-letter sent by the TSB Director. B.2 Administrations should provide on a voluntary basis the information requested to the TSB Director in the format as shown in B.4 for the reference dat
45、es January 1988 and 1992. The same information will subsequently be requested on an annual basis. B.3 Alternatively, Administrations could provide the information to the Director of TSB as an average annual global accounting rate percentage movement on a yearly basis as illustrated in B.5, starting
46、with year 1988. B.4 Example format for the presentation of requested information (non normative) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%1988 199214%17%16%15%21%23%18%17%24%12%T0300880-920.50-0.740.75-0.991.00-1.241.25-1.491.50-1.741.75-1.992.00-2.50 2.5050 0.327 SDR 0.251 SDR 0.210 SDR 0.162 SDR 0.118 SDR
47、 0.088 SDR 0.043 SDR NOTE Indicative target rate in each teledensity group is expressed in SDRs per minute (T = telephone lines per 100 inhabitants). E.3.2 The indicative target rates in Table E.1 show upper limits and should not be interpreted as providing any guidance for establishing lower limits
48、 for direct relations, nor should they be taken as cost-orientated levels. E.3.3 For small island states, which are defined as having a population of less than 300 000 inhabitants, distant from a continental mainland, off the main cable routes and therefore reliant on satellite communications, the i
49、ndicative target rate of 0.266 SDR per minute may be used. The countries/territories within this category (see Appendix I) may choose to adhere to this target or the one relevant to its teledensity. E.3.4 For the Least Developed Countries, which are recognized by the United Nations, the indicative target rate of 0.312 SDR per minute may be used. The 48 LDCs, plus the 3 “as if“ LDCs, eligible within category (see Appendix I) may choose to adhere to this target or the one relevant to its teledensity. E.3.5 The tran
