1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU=T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU D.600R SERIES D: GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES Recommendations for regional application - Recommendations applicable to the African Region (1 0/2000) Cost methodology for the regional tariff group for Africa appl
2、icable to the international automatic telephone service ITU-T Recommendation D.600R (Formerly CCITT Recommendation) ITU-T D-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES Private leased telecommunication facilities Tariff principles applying to data
3、communication services over dedicated public data networks Charging and accounting in the international public telegram service Charging and accounting in the international telemessage service Principles applicable to GII-Internet Charging and accounting in the international telex service Charging a
4、nd accounting in the international facsimile service Charging and accounting in the international videotex service Charging and accounting in the international phototelegraph service Charging and accounting in the mobile services Charging and accounting in the international telephone service Drawing
5、 up and exchange of intemational telephone and telex accounts International sound- and television-programme transmissions Charging and accounting for international satellite services Transmission of monthly international accounting information Service and privilege telecommunications Settlement of i
6、nternational telecommunication balances of accounts Charging and accounting principles for international telecommunication services provided over the ISDN Charging and accounting principles for universal personal telecommunication Charging and accounting principles for intelligent network supported
7、services Recommendations applicable in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin Recommendations applicable in Latin America RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGIONAL APPLICATION D.0 D. 1-D.9 D.lO-D.39 D.40-D.44 D.50-D.59 D.70-D.75 D.76-D.79 D.90-D.99 D. 100-D.159 D. 160-D. 179 D.180-D.184 D. 190-D. 19 1 D. 196-D.209 D
8、.210-D.279 D.45-D.49 D.60-D.69 D.80-D.89 D. 185-D.189 D. 192-D.195 D.280-D.284 D.285-D.299 D.300-D.399 D.400-D.499 D.500-D.599 D.600-D.699 For further details, please refer to the list ofITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Recommendation D.600R Cost methodology for the regional tariff group for Africa appl
9、icable to the international automatic telephone service Summary This Recommendation provides African administrations and/or recognized operating agencies, in their international relations among themselves or with others, with a tool able to serve as a transparent reference to ensure non-discriminati
10、on and cost-orientation in the rates they apply. Source ITU-T Recommendation D.600R was revised by ITU-T Study Group 3 (1997-2000) and approved by the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (Montreal, 27 September - 6 October 2000). FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
11、is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardiz
12、ing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered
13、 by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate
14、 both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning th
15、e evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, w
16、hich may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
17、 in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from ITU. CONTENTS 1 2 Purpose and scope of Recommendation D.600R . Technical and operational context 2.1 Type of services 2.2 Type ofnetworks 2.3 Cost model 2.4 Calculation to
18、ol Annex A - TAF cost model . A . 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 AS A.6 A.7 Introduction Area of application . Particularities Approach to cost calculation A.4.1 EFDC . A.4.2 Cost of other activities . A.4.3 Amortization A.4.4 Current costs A.4.5 Spare capacity A.4.6 General support activities A.4.7 Functional suppo
19、rt activities . A.4.8 Networks . A.4.9 Services : . Cost components . . A.5.1 Direct costs A.5.2 Indirect costs . AS . 3 Common costs . Distribution of costs . A.6.1 Direct costs A.6.2 Common costs . A.6.3 Exceptions . Data required A.7.1 Traffic data A.7.2 Cost data A.7.3 Management data Page 1 1 1
20、 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 13 ITU-T Recommendation D.600R Cost methodology for the regional tariff group for Africa applicable to the international automatic telephone service 1 ITU-T D.140, adopted by ITU-T, lays down the requirements for moving towards cost orientatio
21、n in bilateral negotiations on accounting rates between international correspondents. The lack of a universally accepted cost model and the differences in countries capacity to collect and process basic data make it necessary to work out costing methods adapted to the ability of those who use them t
22、o provide the relevant information. This Recommendation assumes that the entity applying it may have an incomplete system of analytical cost accounting, or no such system at all. This Recommendation provides African administrations and/or recognized operating agencies, in their international relatio
23、ns among themselves or with others, with a tool able to serve as a transparent reference to ensure non-discrimination and cost orientation in the rates they apply. Purpose and scope of Recommendation D.600R 2 Technical and operational context 2.1 Type of services This Recommendation applies to the a
24、utomatic international telephone service. It must be an aid for determining traffic termination costs in case the amount of a settlement rate or a termination charge has to be set. Furthermore, in order to provide a basis for tariff rebalancing, it also helps in determining indicative costs for dome
25、stic services. 2.2 Type of networks No distinction is made between the different transmission media, on account of their convergence to optical fibre and satellite. Nevertheless, in order to distinguish between neighbouring international traffic (routed over terrestrial transmission routes either si
26、de of borders) fiom overseas international traffic (via satellite and submarine cable), this Recommendation draws a distinction between subregional traffic and international traffic. 2.3 Cost model The TAF Group adopted following guiding principles for the development of its cost model: Transparency
27、 The open availability of information used in the cost derivation process in order to allow comprehension of the final rate fiom the vantage point of an external analyst. The TAF model identifies costs relating to the different network segments in order to apportion the network cost to the different
28、 services according to the proportion in which they utilize each segment. This proportion is given by the relative traffic level. Practicability The ability to implement a costing methodology with reasonable demands being placed on data availability and data processing in order to keep the costing e
29、xercise economical, yet still useful. The TAF model must be made available in the form of a user-hendly computer application with total flexibility in setting the parameters so as to be able to be adapted to the specific situation of TAF Group members in terms of availability of data. The whole glos
30、sary must be accessible online. Principle of causality The demonstration of a clear cause-and-effect relationship between service delivery, on the one hand, and the network elements and other resources used to provide it, on the other hand. For the TAF Group, any network segment which, if eliminated
31、, would prevent delivery of a given service has to be included as one of the cost components of the service. The proportion in which this network segment contributes to the cost of the service is a function of the relative use of that segment by the service in question. This use is measured by traff
32、ic level. Principles of efficiency The provision of a forecast of cost reductions that result from a more efficient combination of resources. For the TAF Group, efficiency takes account of four factors: a installed capacity; o utilized capacity; o minimum reorder times; o compound annual growth rate
33、 in total number of lines used. Reasonable contribution to common costs Costing methodologies should provide for a reasonable contribution to common costs. The TAF model apportions general support costs to all services in proportion to their levels of traffic. Present value of costs Amortization cos
34、ts are re-adjusted to their current replacement value. The TAF model takes account of two factors: 1) 2) Objectivity The TAF model is based on a common understanding of the meaning of each of its parameters. The results obtained should not depend on the correspondent in the negotiations, unless it i
35、s possible to establish with certitude the specific features of the relation in question. For the purposes of costing the telecommunication services they offer, for the application of international accounting arrangements, the administrations of the TAF Group member countries have agreed to use amon
36、g themselves the cost model described in Annex A. They recommend the other regional groups to consider it as acceptable. weighted mean growth rate of equipment prices in the country of the network operator; currency depreciation in the country of the network operator. 2.4 Calculation tool The princi
37、ples adopted in the TAF Group model can be computerized in order to help satisfy the following three requirements: a) costing of services; b) c The TAF Group computer model would be an autonomous “client-server“ type application. real-time generation of reference values for costing services; provisi
38、on, for those having insufficient data, of default values for the cost structure of the different network segments. ANNEX A TAF cost model A.1 Introduction The Regional Tariff Group for Af-ica (TAF Group) adopted the principles of its cost model on 24 April 1999 in Dakar, Senegal. The model is based
39、 on the general concepts set forth in ITU-T D.140. In view of the applicability requirement, due consideration was given to regional specificities and to the need for a transparent tool that was acceptable to other regions. A.2 Area of application The TAF model is designed to calculate the cost of a
40、 one-minute automatic intemational telephone call. It allows for the fact that the costs of outgoing and incoming calls are not made up of the same elements and may therefore differ. In order to distribute the costs fairly among the different services generating them, the model also provides for the
41、 identification of international subregional traffic and of cross-border traffic2, if required. A.3 Particularities Cost accounting Although substantial progress has been made, the use of cost accounting is still not widespread among the members of the TAF Group. This makes it difficult, if not impo
42、ssible, to identifj all cost elements in detail and limits the applicability of certain concepts of cost calculation. Low teledensity The members of TAF Group generally have a teledensity of less than two main lines per 100 inhabitants. This has direct consequences on cost structure (distribution be
43、tween fixed and variable elements) because telecommunication system components are modular and the conditions imposed by the market are such that these modules can be extended only at levels far exceeding the real needs of developing countries. Subregional traffic: Traffic exchanged between countrie
44、s near to one another via terrestrial transmission media shared with trunk traffic. Cross-border traffic: Traffic exchanged via a direct circuit group between the subscriber exchanges of two places that are very close to each other and located on either side of an international border. Furthermore,
45、the combination of low teledensity (and therefore low traffic volume) and unavoidably inappropriate modularity makes it difficult to use traffic variations as the sole basis for determining the origin of costs. Substantial increase in the number of subscribers All TAF Group members have noted a subs
46、tantial annual increase in the number of subscribers. This obliges them to have spare capacity that makes allowance for the long delivery deadlines caused by the absence of a local telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry and the scarcity of own resources for investment. The notion of effi
47、ciency must, in these cases, be looked at realistically. Low cost of labour The cost of labour, which is very low in most TAF Group countries in comparison with other parts of the world, is likely to rise. A.4 Approach to cost calculation Liberalization While most of the TAF Group countries have emb
48、arked on or foresee the liberalization of the telecommunication sector, this is not yet a fact of life; in almost every case States which have ceased to operate telecommunication services have granted the new operator exclusive rights for a specified period of time. As a result, companies have not b
49、een encouraged to set up cost-management structures that are not required for the market in which they operate. For the determination of costs, it is necessary to take account of regional particularities while remaining within the framework of ITU-T D. 140. A.4.1 EFDC The TAF model is based a priori on enhanced fully distributed costs (EFDC). However, members with a suitable cost accounting system and a high volume of traffic may wish to adopt another approach to the network components whose cost changes with the volume of traffic. A.4.2 Cost of other activities In applying the TAF model
