1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T D.97 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2016) SERIES D: TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES General tariff principles Charging and accounting
2、in the mobile services Methodological principles for determining international mobile roaming rates Recommendation ITU-T D.97 ITU-T D-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS D.0 GENERAL TARIFF PR
3、INCIPLES Private leased telecommunication facilities D.1D.9 Tariff principles applying to data communication services over dedicated public data networks D.10D.39 Charging and accounting in the international public telegram service D.40D.44 Charging and accounting in the international telemessage se
4、rvice D.45D.49 Principles applicable to GII-Internet D.50D.59 Charging and accounting in the international telex service D.60D.69 Charging and accounting in the international facsimile service D.70D.75 Charging and accounting in the international videotex service D.76D.79 Charging and accounting in
5、the international phototelegraph service D.80D.89 Charging and accounting in the mobile services D.90D.99 Charging and accounting in the international telephone service D.100D.159 Drawing up and exchange of international telephone and telex accounts D.160D.179 International sound- and television-pro
6、gramme transmissions D.180D.184 Charging and accounting for international satellite services D.185D.189 Transmission of monthly international accounting information D.190D.191 Service and privilege telecommunications D.192D.195 Settlement of international telecommunication balances of accounts D.196
7、D.209 Charging and accounting principles for international telecommunication services provided over the ISDN D.210D.260 Economic and policy factors relevant to the efficient provision of international telecommunication services D.261D.269 Charging and accounting principles for next generation networ
8、ks (NGN) D.270D.279 Charging and accounting principles for universal personal telecommunication D.280D.284 Charging and accounting principles for intelligent network supported services D.285D.299 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGIONAL APPLICATION Recommendations applicable in Europe and the Mediterranean Basi
9、n D.300D.399 Recommendations applicable in Latin America D.400D.499 Recommendations applicable in Asia and Oceania D.500D.599 Recommendations applicable to the African Region D.600D.699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) i Recommendation
10、 ITU-T D.97 Methodological principles for determining international mobile roaming rates Summary Recommendation ITU-T D.97 proposes possible approaches to the reduction of excessive roaming rates, highlighting the need to encourage competition in the roaming market, educate consumers and consider ap
11、propriate regulatory actions such as the introduction of caps on roaming rates. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T D.97 2016-10-25 3 11.1002/1000/12828 Keywords Benchmarking, charging, cost, IMR, mobile, rates, regulatory, roaming. _ * To access the Recommendati
12、on, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized
13、 agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a
14、view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommen
15、dations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conci
16、seness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommenda
17、tion is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.
18、INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights
19、, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers
20、are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permis
21、sion of ITU. Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 1 5 Appropriate regulatory actions . 2 6 Methodological principles for determining international mobile roaming rates 2 Bibliography. 4 iv Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2
22、016) Introduction The economy is increasingly dependent on reliable, cost-effective, competitive and affordable mobile communications technology on a global scale. However, where wholesale international mobile roaming (IMR) tariffs are decoupled from underlying costs, this may have an effect on reta
23、il rates, including inconsistent and arbitrary charges. This in turn may hinder competition in the market as well as impact innovation, consumer well-being, trade, and the economy as a whole. When this results in international roaming rates that are higher (e.g. causing bill-shocks), national regula
24、tory authorities would benefit from a better understanding of the actual costs incurred by operators, both at wholesale and retail levels, while providing international roaming services. ITU-T D.98 is an agreement concluded between Member States and Sector Members in 2012. Its purpose is to empower
25、consumers and to promote regulatory measures and solutions, in the international mobile roaming market. It highlights the need to encourage competition in roaming, to educate consumers, to consider appropriate regulatory actions such as the use of price or rates caps by regulators. This Recommendati
26、on is based on the success of ITU-T D.98. Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T D.97 Methodological principles for determining international mobile roaming rates 1 Scope This Recommendation draws on the success of ITU-T D.98 and proposes a possible approach to reducing excessive roaming r
27、ates, to the benefit of consumer end users, industry, and the economy. In the review of international mobile roaming (IMR) rates, Member States should consider IMR services including voice, short message service (SMS) and data services. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other refe
28、rences contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to inv
29、estigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the s
30、tatus of a Recommendation. ITU-T D.98 Recommendation ITU-T D.98 (2012), Charging in international mobile roaming service. 3 Definitions International mobile roaming (IMR) is a service (voice, SMS/multimedia messaging service (MMS), data) that subscribers to post-paid or prepaid mobile services purch
31、ases from a mobile operator in their home country, that is, from the home operator. It allows subscribers the convenience to continue to use their national mobile phone numbers to access voice, short message service (SMS), and data services while visiting another country, by accessing a mobile opera
32、tors network in the visited country, that is, the network of the visited operator with all arrangements made by their home operator. IMR wholesale and retail rates are the prices charged for IMR service where: a) IMR wholesale rates are the prices that the visited operator charges the home operator
33、for allowing the home operators subscriber to roam on the visited operators network (in some cases referred to as inter-operator tariffs (IOTs); and b) IMR retail rates are the prices that the home operator charges its subscribers for usage of IMR services. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommen
34、dation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: CDR Call Detail Records IMR International Mobile Roaming IOT Inter-Operator Tariffs MMS Multimedia Messaging Service NRA National Regulatory Authorities SMS Short Message Service 2 Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) 5 Appropriate regulatory actions 5.1 Un
35、der the terms of ITU-T D.98, regulators and policy makers, taking into account specific national or regional conditions, may introduce regulatory interventions on international mobile roaming service tariffs for the benefit of users by encouraging competition to drive end-user consumer benefit espec
36、ially affordability, availability and more services. 5.2 Where market solutions and consumer empowerment have not been sufficient to reduce international roaming charges, Member States should, where appropriate, take an active role towards establishing competitive and affordable roaming rates. 5.3 W
37、here appropriate, Member States should empower regulators to introduce proportionate regulatory measures or interventions on international mobile roaming service tariffs for the benefit of consumer end users. These can include, but are not limited to, the establishment of tariff caps. 5.4 By the ver
38、y nature of the IMR service, efforts made by Member States to determine IMR rates should be: a) multinational; b) bilateral; or c) regional. 5.5 In order to achieve results, Member States should ensure that national regulatory authorities (NRAs) have the necessary mandate to obtain relevant roaming
39、data from domestic operators (such as wholesale and retail prices), in order to facilitate more competitive and affordable roaming services. 5.6 Where intervention is considered appropriate, whether multinational, bilateral or regional, regulators and policy makers, if applicable, should ensure sync
40、hronized implementation of arrangements so as not to create an imbalance between countries where measures are agreed. 5.7 Considering that a competitive international telecommunications market may not exist if significant differences persist between national prices and international mobile roaming p
41、rices, the goal should be to reduce differences between national tariffs and international mobile roaming tariffs. However, it is worth acknowledging at the same time that differences are likely to exist due to differences in costs between countries and regions. 6 Methodological principles for deter
42、mining international mobile roaming rates 6.1 The regulation of retail or wholesale rates for IMR could follow at least one of the principles listed below: a) Benchmarking: This is based on the comparison of relevant retail rates or wholesale rates/costs considering international best practices and
43、experiences (where such benchmarking is available). b) Retail minus: IMR wholesale rates are estimated from references to relevant retail prices, subtracting a percentage. c) Cost oriented: Calculating the wholesale cost of IMR by identifying relevant IMR provisioning costs including any reasonable
44、rate of return at a level, which promotes investment and innovation. Care must be taken to ensure that artificial and non-related costs are not included in such an analysis. 6.2 Confidentiality of commercial agreements should be respected through the tools of NRAs such as anonymization or aggregatio
45、n of data. 6.3 If a Member State considers a cost-oriented approach, at a minimum, the following elements should be considered when estimating competitive and affordable IMR rates: local access, origination, and termination costs; international termination costs, international gateways costs; local
46、transport costs; international transport costs; Rec. ITU-T D.97 (10/2016) 3 roaming specific charges, including contract, billing and signalling charges; and retail specific charges, including invoicing and international processing costs (including call detail records (CDRs) and IOTs). 6.4 These ele
47、ments should be considered for IMR voice, SMS and data services, given the general trend towards the increasing use of communications services. 6.5 Analysis of cost elements should consider both prepaid and post-paid modes. 6.6 Member States are encouraged to consider these cost elements to construc
48、t detailed roaming cost models, preferably on a multinational basis, to better understand the actual cost of providing international roaming services. 6.7 The establishment of cost-oriented, international mobile roaming rates to drive end-user consumer benefit especially affordability, availability
49、and more services should take into account relevant underlying wholesale and retail cost elements. Member States are encouraged to establish the basis of such costs in consultation and collaboration with mobile operators in a spirit of transparency. 6.8 The establishment of IMR rates by regional or economic organizations should consider the adverse effects on other parts of the world. Member States are encouraged to avoid any waterbed effect resulting from any regulatory action taken to reduce IMR rates. 4 Re
