1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T E.416TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2000) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS Quality of service, network management and traffic engineering Network management International netw
2、ork management Network management principles and functions for B-ISDN traffic ITU-T Recommendation E.416 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS For further details, please refer to ITU-T List
3、of Recommendations.OPERATION, NUMBERING, ROUTING AND MOBILE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL OPERATION Definitions E.100E.103 General provisions concerning Administrations E.104E.119 General provisions concerning users E.120E.139 Operation of international telephone services E.140E.159 Numbering plan of the i
4、nternational telephone service E.160E.169 International routing plan E.170E.179 Tones in national signalling systems E.180E.189 Numbering plan of the international telephone service E.190E.199 Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service E.200E.229 OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CHARGI
5、NG AND ACCOUNTING IN THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the international telephone service E.230E.249 Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes E.260E.269 UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON-TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS General E.300E.319 Phototele
6、graphy E.320E.329 ISDN PROVISIONS CONCERNING USERS International routing plan E.350E.399 QUALITY OF SERVICE, NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING NETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics E.400E.409 International network management E.410E.419 Checking the quality of the international
7、 telephone service E.420E.489 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Measurement and recording of traffic E.490E.505 Forecasting of traffic E.506E.509 Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation E.510E.519 Determination of the number of circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation E.520E.539 Grad
8、e of service E.540E.599 Definitions E.600E.649 ISDN traffic engineering E.700E.749 Mobile network traffic engineering E.750E.799 QUALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES: CONCEPTS, MODELS, OBJECTIVES AND DEPENDABILITY PLANNING Terms and definitions related to the quality of telecommunication services E
9、.800E.809 Models for telecommunication services E.810E.844 Objectives for quality of service and related concepts of telecommunication services E.845E.859 Use of quality of service objectives for planning of telecommunication networks E.860E.879 Field data collection and evaluation on the performanc
10、e of equipment, networks and services E.880E.899 Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) i ITU-T RECOMMENDATION E.416 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS FOR B-ISDN TRAFFIC Summary Network Management (NM) for B-ISDN traffic requires real-time monitoring of current network status and network performan
11、ce. This Recommendation is intended to support and define the role of network management in the B-ISDN and broadband services. It explains the network management principles and functions. The major part of this Recommendation suggests the way traffic must be monitored and provides some indication of
12、 parameters for promptly detecting abnormal network traffic conditions. After the detection of the abnormal condition, automatic and possibly manual controls will be temporarily applied to the network to alleviate the problem until the problem is resolved. It is also necessary to frequently check th
13、e effects of the NM controls to note whether the control is actually helping with the problem and to determine when to modify or remove it from the network. Source ITU-T Recommendation E.416 was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 2 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on
14、 13 March 2000. ii Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for s
15、tudying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study
16、 Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are pre
17、pared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that th
18、e practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendat
19、ion development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information a
20、nd are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. Ge3 ITU 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. Rec
21、ommendation E.416 (03/2000) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope. 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations 3 5 Introduction. 3 6 Network management principles 4 6.1 Network management goals 4 6.2 Network management concerns 4 6.2.1 Transmission medium failure 4 6.2.2 Network element/equipment failure
22、4 6.2.3 ATM exchange overload . 4 6.2.4 Network overload 5 6.2.5 Interference among services 5 7 Network management functions . 5 8 Network status and performance data. 6 8.1 Network status of ATM traffic . 6 8.2 Measurements . 7 8.2.1 Some end-to-end measurement examples . 7 8.2.2 Some link-level m
23、easurement examples . 8 8.2.3 Some exchange-level measurement examples. 8 9 Network management controls . 8 9.1 Information-transfer-based controls 9 9.2 Routing-based controls . 9 9.3 Address-based controls . 9 9.4 Other NM controls 10 10 History. 10 Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) 1 Recommendation
24、E.416 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS FOR B-ISDN TRAFFIC (Geneva, 2000) 1 Scope This Recommendation is intended to support and define the role of network management (NM) in the B-ISDN and broadband services. It explains the network management principles and functions. The major part of t
25、his Recommendation suggests the way traffic must be monitored and provides some indication of parameters for promptly detecting abnormal network traffic conditions. After the detection of the abnormal condition, automatic and possibly manual controls must be temporarily applied to the network to all
26、eviate the problem until the problem is resolved. It is also necessary to frequently check the effects of the NM controls to note whether the control is actually helping with the problem and to determine when to modify or remove it from the network. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations a
27、nd other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore
28、encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. ITU-T Recommendation E.410 (1998), International network management General information.
29、 ITU-T Recommendation E.411 (1998), International network management Operational guidance. ITU-T Recommendation E.412 (1998), Network management controls. CCITT Recommendation E.413 (1988), International network management Planning. CCITT Recommendation E.414 (1988), International network management
30、 Organization. CCITT Recommendation E.415 (1991), International network management guidance for common channel signalling system No. 7. ITU-T Recommendation E.735 (1997), Framework for traffic and dimensioning in B-ISDN. ITU-T Recommendation E.736 (1997), Methods for cell level control in B-ISDN. IT
31、U-T Recommendation E.800 (1994), Terms and definitions related to quality of service and network performance including dependability. ITU-T Recommendation I.113 (1997), Vocabulary of terms for broadband aspects of ISDN. ITU-T Recommendation I.150 (1999), B-ISDN asynchronous transfer mode functional
32、characteristics. ITU-T Recommendation I.311 (1996), B-ISDN general network aspects. ITU-T Recommendation I.320 (1993), ISDN protocol reference model. CCITT Recommendation I.321 (1991), B-ISDN protocol reference model and its application. 2 Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) ITU-T Recommendation I.356 (1
33、996), B-ISDN ATM layer cell transfer performance. ITU-T Recommendation I.357 (1996), B-ISDN semi-permanent connection availability. ITU-T Recommendation I.358 (1998), Call processing performance for Switched Virtual Channel Connections (VCCs) in a B-ISDN. ITU-T Recommendation I.361 (1999), B-ISDN AT
34、M layer specification. ITU-T Recommendation I.363 (1993), B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer (AAL) specification. ITU-T Recommendation I.371 (2000), Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN. ITU-T Recommendation I.380 (1999), Internet Protocol Data Communication Service IP packet transfer and avail
35、ability performance parameters. ITU-T Recommendation I.413 (1993), B-ISDN user-network interface. ITU-T Recommendation I.610 (1999), B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions. ITU-T Recommendation M.3610 (1996), Principles for applying the TMN concept to the management of B-ISDN. ITU
36、-T Recommendation Q.822 (1994), Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3 description for the Q3 interface Performance management. ITU-T Recommendation Q.823 (1996), Stage 2 and Stage 3 functional specifications for traffic management. 3 Definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 Asynchrono
37、us Transfer Mode (ATM): ATM is defined in Recommendation I.113 as “a transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an individual user is not necessarily periodic“. 3.2 Virtual Channel (VC): VC
38、is defined in Recommendation I.113 as “a concept used to describe unidirectional transport of ATM cells associated by a common identifier value“. 3.3 Virtual Path (VP): VP is defined in Recommendation I.113 as “a concept used to describe unidirectional transport of ATM cells belonging to virtual cha
39、nnels that are associated by a common identifier value“. 3.4 congestion: Congestion is defined in Recommendation I.113 as “a state of network elements in which the network is not able to meet the negotiated quality of service objective for the already established connections and for the new connecti
40、on requests“. 3.5 Usage Parameter Control (UPC) Network Parameter Control (NPC): UPC (NPC) is defined in Recommendation I.113 as “the set of actions taken by the network to monitor and control traffic at the user network inter-network node interface, to protect network resources from malicious as we
41、ll as unintentional misbehaviour by detecting violations of negotiated parameters and taking appropriate actions“. 3.6 Quality of Service (QoS): QoS is defined in Recommendation E.800 as “collective effect of service performance, which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service“.
42、Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) 3 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network CAC Connection Admission Control ECC Egress Cell Count ICC Ingress Cell Count NE Network Element N-ISDN Narrow-ba
43、nd Integrated Services Digital Network NM Network Management NPC Network Parameter Control QoS Quality of Service TMN Telecommunications Management Network UPC Usage Parameter Control VC Virtual Channel VCC Virtual Channel Connection VP Virtual Path 5 Introduction This Recommendation presents princi
44、ples for extending the network management aspects given by Recommendations E.410, E.411 and E.412 to the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Extension of these network management aspects to B-ISDN requires consideration of the diverse
45、 bandwidths associated with Virtual Channels/Paths, the various ATM transfer capabilities, the multiple Quality of Service (QoS) classes, service level agreements and automated routing control procedures that exist in B-ISDN. This Recommendation also describes functions for the network management of
46、 B-ISDN. These B-ISDN network management functions are intended to interwork with traffic and congestion controls and the measurements of traffic and performance that exist in B-ISDN exchanges for the purpose of maintaining adequate network performance under abnormal conditions. To assure a high QoS
47、, network management must be robust and fast enough to promptly detect any incident in the network and try to resolve it as quickly as possible. The role of manual controls must be minimized due to: a) higher transmission and processing speeds; b) complexity of B-ISDN due to various service categori
48、es; c) volatility of congestion related incidents. ATM supports various services with different requirements by allowing different virtual channels on one fast physical link to have different priorities and different bandwidth guarantees. This fact requires more NM functions such as admission contro
49、l and resource management in the B-ISDN. 4 Recommendation E.416 (03/2000) 6 Network management principles Network management concerns itself with the maintenance of adequate network performance under a variety of conditions, which can include exceptional traffic loads within some network portions, by the exercise of network management controls that generally provide the means to alter the flow of traffic in appropriate network portions. The overall process of network management involve
