1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU=T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU E502 (02/200 1 ) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS Trafic engineering - Measurement and recording of traffic Traffic measurernen t requirements for di
2、gital telecommunication exchanges ITU-T Recommendation E502 ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND EIUMAN FACTORS INTERNATIONAL OPERATION Definitions General provisions concerning Administrations General provisions concerning users Operatio
3、n of international telephone services Numbering plan of the international telephone service Intemational routing plan Tones in national signalling systems Numbering plan of the international telephone service Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO C
4、HARGING A ID ACCOUNTING Il INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the international telephone service Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON- TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS General Phototelegraphy ISDN PROVISIONS CONCERN
5、ING USERS INTERNATIONAL ROUTING PLAN NETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics International network management Checking the quaiity of the international telephone service TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Forecasting of traffic - Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation Determination
6、 of the number of circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation Grade of service Definitions Traffic engineering for Ip-networks ISDN traffic engineering Mobile network trafnc engineering QUALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES: CONCEPTSy MODELS, OBJECTIVES AND DEPENDABILITY PLANNING Terms and de
7、fnitions related to the quality of telecommunication services Models for telecommunication services Objectives for quality of service and related concepts of telecommunication services Use of quality of service objectives for planning of telecommunication networks THE Field users of this Recommendat
8、ion are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The use of the analysed results will be dependent on the procedures in
9、 each Administration. The list of Recommendations below are those currently existing and covering many operational aspects. They are offered only as a guide rather than as a comprehensive and complete set. ITU-T E. 175 (1988), Models for international networkplanning. ITU-T E.4 1 x series of Recomme
10、ndations, International network management. ITU-T E.42 series of Recommendations, Checking the quality of the international telephone service. ITU-T E.491 (1997), Trafic measurement by destination. ITU-T E.492 (1996), Trafic reference period. ITU-T E.493 (1996), Grade of service (COS) monitoring. IT
11、U-T ES00 (1998), Trafic intensity measurementprinciples. ITU-T ES03 (1 992), Trafic measurement data analysis. ITU-T ES04 (1988), Trafic measurement administration. ITU-T ES05 (1992), Measurements of the pe$ormance of common channel signalling network. ITU-T ES06 (1992), Forecasting international tr
12、afic. ITU-T ES43 (1988), Grades of service in digital international telephone exchanges. ITU-T E.721 (1999), Network grade of service parameters and target values for circuit- switched services in the evolving ISDN. ITU-T Rec. ES02 (02/2001) 1 - ITU-T M-series Recommendations, TMN and network mainte
13、nance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits. ITU-T O-series Recommendations, Speczjcations of measuring equipment. ITU-T Q-series Recommendations, Switching and signalling. ITU-T 4.544 (1 988), Digital exchange measurements. - - - 3 Abbrev
14、iations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: GOS Grade of Service IN Intelligent Network ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network OS Operations System SCP Service Control Point SRP SSP Service Switching Point Specialized Resource Point (formerly Intelligent Peripheral - IP) 4 Introd
15、uction This Recommendation applies to all digital telecommunications exchanges operating in a switched telephone network and ISDN. Traffic measurements on exchanges and surrounding network provide the database from which the dimensioning, planning, operation and management of the network are carried
16、 out. Information gathered from these measurements can be used for: - - - The above data and information are gathered with the purpose of supporting the following fundamental activities: a) dimensioning, planning and administration of the exchange and surrounding network; b) performance monitoring o
17、f the exchange and surrounding network; c) network management; d) operation and maintenance of the exchange and surrounding network; e) tariff and marketing studies; 0 forecasting; The information generated by the exchange (see ITU-T 4.544) can be provided to the end user in either real time or non-
18、real time (post processed). The activities being performed by the end user will dictate the speed of this response: for example, operation and maintenance will require real-time information while the forecasting and planning information can be provided after the event in non-real time. identifymg tr
19、affic patterns and distributions on a route and destination basis; determining the amount of traffic in the exchange and the network; monitoring the continuity of service and the grade of service. 2 ITU-T Rec. ES02 (02/2001) For these activities, the following major processing steps can be identifie
20、d: - - - The generation, collection and output of raw data is achieved by continuous as well as periodic and non-periodic measurements carried out in the exchange. The data analysis may be performed by the exchange itself or by another system depending on the following: - total amount of data; - - p
21、rocessor load constraints. For further information, see ITU-T E.503. generation, collection and storage of data; analysis and processing of data; presentation and use of the analysis results. need for analysis of data fiom multiple exchange; 5 Traffic measurement 5.1 Traffic measurement model This c
22、lause establishes the basic structure for a traffic measurement model that can be applied to measurements of traffic generated by the telephony service and ISDN. A measurement is identified by three basic elements: time, entities, objects. Time includes all the necessary information to define the st
23、art, the duration and periodicity of a certain measurement. Entities describe the quantities for which data collection must be performed with a certain measurement. Objects are individual items on which the measurements are performed. Some examples of entities and objects are given below: Entities:
24、- traffic volume; - number of call attempts; - number of seizures; - - Objects: - subscriber line groups; - circuit groups; - common control units; - auxiliary devices; - destinations; - common channel signalling links; - signal transfer points (STP); - common channel signalling points; - common cha
25、nnel user/application part. The measurements are classified into different measurement types on the basis of a measurement matrix in which each row represents an entity and each column represents an object (see Figure 1). number of successful call attempts; number of call attempts for which a delay
26、exceeds a predetermined threshold value. IT-T Rec. ES02 (02/2001) 3 Object Single Object A B group object group Objects Single entity Entity group X Entity group Y Entity group Z ci Entities TO20330082 Measurement type 1 : single object, single entity. Measurement type 2: single object, entity group
27、 Z. Measurement type 3: object group B, entity group X. pd Impossible or meaningless Figure 1LE.502 - Measurement matrix A measurement type is a particular combination of entities and objects corresponding to certain entries in the measurement matrix. Part of these measurement types may be standardi
28、zed while the rest of them seem to be system- andor Administration-dependent. It should be noted that all the entries in the measurement matrix cannot be used because some of them will be impossible and some others may be meaningless. In all measurement types, the entities are fixed although some en
29、tities may not be measured for some applications. Selected objects form an object list. In some measurement types, the object list is fixed. In other types one can choose for the actual measurement some or all of the allowed objects. A measurement set is a collection of measurement types. 5.2 Traffi
30、c measurement structure A traffic measurement consists of: - measurement set information; - time information; - Measurement set information, time information and output routing and scheduling information may be predefined as well as object lists. It should be noted that predefinition characteristic
31、are system- dependent. Time data routing and the schedule may be fxed. output routing and scheduling information (output parameters). 5.2.1 Measurement set information Measurement set information consists of one or several selected measurement types with defined object (object lists) and measurement
32、-type-dependent parameters (e.g. sampling interval, number of events in a certain category, destination codes, etc.). 4 IT-T Rec. E.502 (02/2001) 5.2.2 Time information Measurements may have an undetermined duration (stop date is not pre-specified), or a predetermined duration, or be taken all the t
33、ime. In addition, measurements may be performed continuously or on a non-continuous basis. For measurements of undetermined duration and performed non-continuously, the recording days must be determined on a periodic basis (periodicity pattern within a calendar week). For measurements of predetermin
34、ed duration, the recording days may be determined on a periodic basis or by defning the dates of the recording days (see Figure 2). Continuous moniioring and recording Measurement aii the time Continuous recording r On periodical basis 1 oMeasurement f predetermined I Recordingin duration predetermi
35、ned days i Basic types of measurement L On non-periodical basis Continuous recording f undetermined duration On periodical basis I Recordingin predetermined days TO203310-92 Figure 2LE.502 As shown in Figure 3, time data are measurement level, recording day level and recording period level. Measurem
36、ent level: Contains information about dates of recording days for non-periodic measurements or periodicity pattern for periodic measurements. Recording day level: Contains information about the start and stop time for recording periods within a recording day. Recording period level: Contains informa
37、tion about the periodicity of the data collection, controlled by the result accumulation period. The result accumulation period can be shorter than the recording period; in that case, more than one set of data is collected for each of the recording periods, to be routed toward the output media accor
38、ding to the results output schedule. ITU-T Rec. ES02 (02/2001) 5 Start date Date Date Date Date Periodical measurement Non-periodical measurement Recording day level I 00.00 / 24.00 I Recording period level TO2033ZMZ Figure 3LE.502 5.23 Output routing information defines to what destination the prod
39、uced measurement results should be routed for the recording; the output routing may be toward either a physical medium (e.g. printer) or a logical medium (e.g. file). Output scheduling information defines when (days and time) the output of the results is to be made. The output of results may be rela
40、ted to the end of the result accumulation period. Output routing and scheduling information 6 Traffic flows Each type of traffic flow occurring idthrough the exchange can be distinguished by association with an inleti or outlet2 of the exchange, or both. The different types of traffic flow for a gen
41、eralized exchange, viz. one that combines both local and transit functions and that provides operator (telephonist) service, are illustrated as shown in Figure 4. 1 Inlet is the point on or within the boundary of the exchange system where a call attempt arrives or arises. 2 Outlet is the point on or
42、 within the boundary of the exchange system to which a call attempt bearing adequate and valid dialling information would tend to be routed. 6 ITU-T Rec. ES02 (02/2001) Subscriber Inter-exchange route Operator (telephonist) Sub-system T and exchange *o control - o* “ .,.*O Access I I Commonchamel si
43、gnalling signaiLing A OriginatingtraffIc B Incomingtrafc Q Terminatingtraffic R OutgoingtraffIc F internaltraffic G Originating outgoing traffic H Originating system terminating traffic J Incoming system termhating traffic K incoming terminating trafic L Transittraffic Subscriber Interexchange mute
44、O System originating terminating traffic P System originating outgoing traffic S System terminating traffic C System originating traffc T Operator terminating traffic D Operator originating trafc E Originating operator terminating traffic I Incoming operator terminating trafic M Operator originating
45、 terminating traffic N Operator originating outgoing trafic Figure 4B.502 - Main traffic flow diagram From Figure 4 the following relations apply: A =E +F+ G + H+ 21 B =I + J+ K + L + 22 C=O+P D = A4 + N + Z3 where 21, 22 and 23 account for traffic flows corresponding to calls with incomplete or inv
46、alid dialling information, and Q=M+ F + K+ O-dl R =N+ G + L + P- d2 S = H + J- d3 ITU-T Rec. E.502 (02/2001) 7 T= E + I - d4 where dl, d2, d3 and d4 account for traffic flows corresponding to calls that fail within the exchange owing to any of the following reasons: a) b) internal congestion; c) inc
47、omplete dialling; 4 invalid destination code; e) all suitable outlets are busy or unavailable; service barringblocking (as a result of network management controls, for instance, or the operation of some supplementary service (e.g. absentee service), or because the callingcalled party is disallowed s
48、uch service). The types of calls, viz. system-originating call and system-terminating calls, result from the operation of some of the supplementary services that exchanges offer in addition to conventional telephone service. In the traffic flow diagram of Figure 4, system-originating and systemtermi
49、nating calls are identified by the aggregate traffic flows C and S respectively. 7 Basic measurement types 7.1 General 7.1.1 In order to provide bulk data for each of the above-mentioned traffic categories, overall measurements can be performed on the totality of subscriber lines and/or circuits. Such overall measurements have been taken into account in this Recommendation only for the traffic items fiom A to P in Figure 4, while they have not been considered for items Q, R, Sand T since, with the assumptions made above, it is possible to achieve the relevant information by taki
